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Xia H, Wang Y, Dai J, Zhang X, Zhou J, Zeng Z, Jia Y. Selenoprotein K Is Essential for the Migration and Phagocytosis of Immature Dendritic Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11071264. [PMID: 35883755 PMCID: PMC9311522 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11071264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein K (SELENOK) is an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS)-regulated protein required for the calcium (Ca2+) flux-mediated migration of T cells and neutrophils, and the migration and phagocytosis of macrophages and microglia. However, the effect of SELENOK on the regulation of the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs), including immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs), is still unclear. In this study, imDCs prepared from SELENOK knockout mice were used to evaluate the effect of SELENOK on the migration and phagocytosis of imDCs. The results showed that ERS-induced downregulation of imDCs phenotypic markers led to a reduction in Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)-dependent migration and enhanced Ca2+/CD205-mediated phagocytosis. SELENOK deficiency-induced upregulation of selenoprotein S (SELENOS) attenuated ERS levels in imDCs. An increase in Ca2+ levels resulted in increased migration and decreased phagocytosis with or without ERS conditions. The migration was RhoA-dependent, and Ca2+ or CD205 was associated with regulating phagocytosis in imDCs. Our study found that SELENOK is required for imDC migration and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (X.Z.)
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Department of Pathology, Guizhou Qiannan People’s Hospital, Qiannan 558000, China
| | - Yongmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (X.Z.)
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (X.Z.)
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (X.Z.)
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials and Medical Protective Materials, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, 9 Yuexing Third Road, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Zhu Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (X.Z.)
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yi Jia
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Cellular Immunotherapy Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China; (H.X.); (Y.W.); (J.D.); (X.Z.)
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.J.)
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The Role and Mechanism of Essential Selenoproteins for Homeostasis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050973. [PMID: 35624837 PMCID: PMC9138076 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is one of the essential trace elements that plays a biological role in the body, mainly in the form of selenoproteins. Selenoproteins can be involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, antioxidant defense, immune and inflammatory responses and other biological processes, including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-apoptosis, the regulation of immune response and other functions. Over-loading or lack of Se causes certain damage to the body. Se deficiency can reduce the expression and activity of selenoproteins, disrupt the normal physiological function of cells and affect the body in antioxidant, immunity, toxin antagonism, signaling pathways and other aspects, thus causing different degrees of damage to the body. Se intake is mainly in the form of dietary supplements. Due to the important role of Se, people pay increasingly more attention to Se-enriched foods, which also lays a foundation for better research on the mechanism of selenoproteins in the future. In this paper, the synthesis and mechanism of selenoproteins, as well as the role and mechanism of selenoproteins in the regulation of diseases, are reviewed. Meanwhile, the future development of Se-enriched products is prospected, which is of great significance to further understand the role of Se.
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Jia Y, Zhang L, Liu X, Zhang S, Dai J, Huang J, Chen J, Wang Y, Zhou J, Zeng Z. Selenium can regulate the differentiation and immune function of human dendritic cells. Biometals 2021; 34:1365-1379. [PMID: 34599706 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-021-00347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential trace element that can regulate the function of immnue cells via selenoproteins. However, the effects of selenium on human dendritic cell (DCs) remain unclear. Thus, selenoprotein levels in monocytes, immature DCs (imDCs) and mature DCs (mDCs) treated with or without Na2SeO3 were evaluated using RT-PCR, and then the immune function of imDCs and mDCs was detected by flow cytometry, cell counting and the CCK8 assay. In addition, the effects of Se on cytokine and surface marker expression were investigated by RT-PCR. The results revealed different expression levels of selenoprotein in monocytes, imDCs and mDCs, and selenoproeins could be regulated by Se. Moreover, it was indicated that anti-phagocytic activity was improved by 0.1 µM Se, whereas it was suppressed by 0.2 µM Se in imDCs; The migration of imDCs and mDCs was improved by 0.1 µM Se, whereas their migration was inhibited by treatment with 0.05 or 0.2 µM Se; The mixed lymphocyte reaction of mDCs was improved by 0.1 µM Se, and it was inhibited by 0.05 and 0.2 µM Se. In addition, 0.1 µM Se improved the immune function of DCs through the regulation of CD80, CD86, IL12-p35 and IL12-p40. Wheres 0.05 and 0.2 µM Se impaired immune function of DCs by up-regulation of interleukin (IL-10) in imDCs and down-regulation of CD80, CD86, IL12-p35 and IL12-p40 in mDCs. In conclusion, 0.1 µM Se might improve the immune function of human DCs through selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Jia
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Liangliang Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, 550002, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianmei Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Shichao Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiangtao Huang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Yun Wang
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Zhang L, Xia H, Xia K, Liu X, Zhang X, Dai J, Zeng Z, Jia Y. Selenium Regulation of the Immune Function of Dendritic Cells in Mice Through the ERK, Akt and RhoA/ROCK Pathways. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3360-3370. [PMID: 33107016 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02449-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium levels can regulate the function of T cells, macrophages, B cells, natural killer cells and other immune cells. However, the effect of selenium on the immune function of dendritic cells (DCs) isolated from selenium-supplemented mice is unknown. In this study, C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into three groups and fed diets containing low (0.08 ppm), medium (0.25 ppm) or high (1 ppm) selenium levels for 8 weeks. Immature (imDCs) and mature (mDCs) dendritic cells were then isolated from the bone marrow. Next, the migration, phagocytic capacity and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) for imDCs and mDCs were detected by transwell and flow cytometry. The levels of C-C chemokine receptor type 7 (CCR7), major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were assayed by flow cytometry. F-actin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was detected by fluorescence microscopy and SOD assay kit, respectively. In addition, the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Akt, Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho-associated protein kinase (RhoA/ROCK) signalling, selenoprotein K (SELENOK) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) levels were measured by western blot analysis. The results indicated that selenium deficiency enhanced the migration of imDCs by ROS and SELENOK-mediated ERK, Akt and RhoA/ROCK pathways but impaired the antigen uptake of imDCs. Although a high selenium level inhibited the migration of imDCs, it had no effect on phagocytic capacity. For mDCs, low selenium levels impaired free migration, and high levels inhibited the chemotactic migration involved in F-actin and CCR7, respectively. Low and high selenium levels impaired the MLR by inhibiting MHCII surface localisation, which might be related to ROS- and SELENOK-mediated ERK, Akt and RhoA/ROCK signalling pathways. In summary, selenium may regulate the immune function of mouse DCs through the ROS- and SELENOK-mediated ERK, Akt and RhoA/ROCK signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Huan Xia
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Kaide Xia
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xianmei Liu
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Jie Dai
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhu Zeng
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- School of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yi Jia
- Immune Cells and Antibody Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Province/Key Laboratory of Biology and Medical Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
- School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China.
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Integrated Analysis to Study the Relationship between Tumor-Associated Selenoproteins: Focus on Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186694. [PMID: 32933107 PMCID: PMC7555134 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenoproteins are proteins that contain selenium within selenocysteine residues. To date, twenty-five mammalian selenoproteins have been identified; however, the functions of nearly half of these selenoproteins are unknown. Although alterations in selenoprotein expression and function have been suggested to play a role in cancer development and progression, few detailed studies have been carried out in this field. Network analyses and data mining of publicly available datasets on gene expression levels in different cancers, and the correlations with patient outcome, represent important tools to study the correlation between selenoproteins and other proteins present in the human interactome, and to determine whether altered selenoprotein expression is cancer type-specific, and/or correlated with cancer patient prognosis. Therefore, in the present study, we used bioinformatics approaches to (i) build up the network of interactions between twenty-five selenoproteins and identify the most inter-correlated proteins/genes, which are named HUB nodes; and (ii) analyze the correlation between selenoprotein gene expression and patient outcome in ten solid tumors. Then, considering the need to confirm by experimental approaches the correlations suggested by the bioinformatics analyses, we decided to evaluate the gene expression levels of the twenty-five selenoproteins and six HUB nodes in androgen receptor-positive (22RV1 and LNCaP) and androgen receptor-negative (DU145 and PC3) cell lines, compared to human nontransformed, and differentiated, prostate epithelial cells (EPN) by RT-qPCR analysis. This analysis confirmed that the combined evaluation of some selenoproteins and HUB nodes could have prognostic value and may improve patient outcome predictions.
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Stanishevska NV. Selenoproteins and their emerging roles in signaling pathways. REGULATORY MECHANISMS IN BIOSYSTEMS 2020. [DOI: 10.15421/022028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The functional activity of selenoproteins has a wide range of effects on complex pathogenetic processes, including teratogenesis, immuno-inflammatory, neurodegenerative. Being active participants and promoters of many signaling pathways, selenoproteins support the lively interest of a wide scientific community. This review is devoted to the analysis of recent data describing the participation of selenoproteins in various molecular interactions mediating important signaling pathways. Data processing was carried out by the method of complex analysis. For convenience, all selenoproteins were divided into groups depending on their location and function. Among the group of selenoproteins of the ER membrane, selenoprotein N affects the absorption of Ca2+ by the endoplasmic reticulum mediated by oxidoreductin (ERO1), a key player in the CHOP/ERO1 branch, a pathogenic mechanism that causes myopathy. Another selenoprotein of the ER membrane selenoprotein K binding to the DHHC6 protein affects the IP3R receptor that regulates Ca2+ flux. Selenoprotein K is able to affect another protein of the endoplasmic reticulum CHERP, also appearing in Ca2+ transport. Selenoprotein S, associated with the lumen of ER, is able to influence the VCP protein, which ensures the incorporation of selenoprotein K into the ER membrane. Selenoprotein M, as an ER lumen protein, affects the phosphorylation of STAT3 by leptin, which confirms that Sel M is a positive regulator of leptin signaling. Selenoprotein S also related to luminal selenoproteins ER is a modulator of the IRE1α-sXBP1 signaling pathway. Nuclear selenoprotein H will directly affect the suppressor of malignant tumours, p53 protein, the activation of which increases with Sel H deficiency. The same selenoprotein is involved in redox regulation. Among the cytoplasmic selenoproteins, abundant investigations are devoted to SelP, which affects the PI3K/Akt/Erk signaling pathway during ischemia/reperfusion, is transported into the myoblasts through the plasmalemma after binding to the apoER2 receptor, and into the neurons to the megaline receptor and in general, selenoprotein P plays the role of a pool that stores the necessary trace element and releases it, if necessary, for vital selenoproteins. The thioredoxin reductase family plays a key role in the invasion and metastasis of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma through the influence on the TGF-β-Akt/GSK-3β pathway during epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The deletion of thioredoxin reductase 1 affects the levels of messengers of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. No less studied is the glutathione peroxidase group, of which GPX3 is able to inhibit signaling in the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and thereby inhibit thyroid metastasis, as well as suppress protein levels in the PI3K/Akt/c-fos pathway. A key observation is that in cases of carcinogenesis, a decrease in GPX3 and its hypermethylation are almost always found. Among deiodinases, deiodinase 3 acts as a promoter of the oncogenes BRAF, MEK or p38, while stimulating a decrease in the expression of cyclin D1. The dependence of the level of deiodinase 3 on the Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway is also noted. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A can compete for the uptake of ubiquitin, reduce p38, JNK and ERK promoters of the MAPK signaling pathway; methionine sulfoxide reductase B1 suppresses MAPK signaling messengers, and also increases PARP and caspase 3.
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Marciel MP, Hoffmann PR. Molecular Mechanisms by Which Selenoprotein K Regulates Immunity and Cancer. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:60-68. [PMID: 31187393 PMCID: PMC6801056 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Many of the 25 members of the selenoprotein family function as enzymes that utilize their selenocysteine (Sec) residues to catalyze redox-based reactions. However, some selenoproteins likely do not exert enzymatic activity by themselves and selenoprotein K (SELENOK) is one such selenoprotein family member that uses its Sec residue in an alternative manner. SELENOK is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein that has been shown to be important for ER stress and for calcium-dependent signaling. Molecular mechanisms for the latter have recently been elucidated using knockout mice and genetically manipulated cell lines. These studies have shown that SELENOK interacts with an enzyme in the ER membrane, DHHC6 (letters represent the amino acids aspartic acid, histidine, histidine, and cysteine in the catalytic domain), and the SELENOK/DHHC6 complex catalyzes the transfer of acyl groups such as palmitate to cysteine residues in target proteins, i.e., palmitoylation. One protein palmitoylated by SELENOK/DHHC6 is the calcium channel protein, the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), which is acylated as a means for stabilizing the tetrameric calcium channel in the ER membrane. Factors that lower SELENOK levels or function impair IP3R-driven calcium flux. This role for SELENOK is important for the activation and proliferation of immune cells, and recently, a critical role for SELENOK in promoting calcium flux for the progression of melanoma has been demonstrated. This review provides a summary of these findings and their implications in terms of designing new therapeutic interventions that target SELENOK for treating cancers like melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Marciel
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
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Meng XL, Chen CL, Liu YY, Su SJ, Gou JM, Huan FN, Wang D, Liu HS, Ben SB, Lu J. Selenoprotein SELENOK Enhances the Migration and Phagocytosis of Microglial Cells by Increasing the Cytosolic Free Ca 2+ Level Resulted from the Up-Regulation of IP 3R. Neuroscience 2019; 406:38-49. [PMID: 30849448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Enhancing the migration and phagocytosis of microglial cells is of great significance for the reducing of the risk of the neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). The effect of mouse selenoprotein K (mSELENOK) on the migration and phagocytosis of BV2 microglial cells and its mechanism were studied. The results showed that the over-expression of mSELENOK can increase the migratory and phagocytic abilities of the microglial cells, while the knockdown of mSELENOK can decrease the migratory and phagocytic abilities of the cells. The cytosolic free Ca2+ level and inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) mRNA transcript and protein expression were also increased significantly as the consequence of the over-expression of mSELENOK in the microglial cells. On the contrary, the level of cytosolic free Ca2+ and the mRNA transcript and protein expression of IP3R in mSELENOK knockdown cells were decreased significantly. 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB), an antagonist of IP3R, could prevent the increased migration, phagocytosis, and cytosolic free Ca2+ level of mSELENOK over-expressed microglial cells, and knockdown of IP3R3 could reduce the increased cytosolic Ca2+ level in mSELENOK over-expressed microglial cells. Further studies revealed that selenium supplement (Na2SeO3) can increase the expression of mSELENOK in microglial cells significantly. In summary, these data suggest that mSELENOK can increase cytosolic free Ca2+ level of microglial cells by up-regulating the expression of IP3R, thus enhancing the migration and phagocytosis of microglial cells. Our results indicated that mSELENOK is an important selenoprotein, which plays a role in trace element selenium's functions and can enhance the migration and phagocytosis of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Lian Meng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China; Research Center for Natural product pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chang-Lan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China; Research Center for Natural product pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
| | - Ying-Ying Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shu-Jie Su
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiang-Min Gou
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Feng-Ning Huan
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China; Research Center for Natural product pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Liu
- Research Center for Computer Simulating and Information Processing of Bio-macromolecules of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Song-Bin Ben
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Liaoning University, Shenyang, China; Research Center for Natural product pharmacy of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China.
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Wei C, Guo D, Li Y, Zhang K, Liang G, Li Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Li Y. Profiling analysis of 17β-estradiol-regulated lncRNAs in mouse thymic epithelial cells. Physiol Genomics 2018; 50:553-562. [DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymus is the primary organ for T cell differentiation and maturation. Many studies have demonstrated that estrogen plays a crucial role in thymic epithelial cell (TEC) proliferation during thymic involution. LncRNAs are involved in various biological processes; however, estrogen-mediated lncRNA expression in TECs has not been yet reported. To address this question, the mouse medullary thymic epithelial cell line 1 (MTEC1) was treated with 17β-estradiol (E2). By using CCK8 assay and flow cytometry, we found that E2 was able to inhibit viability and proliferation of MTEC1 cells. The expression profiles of lncRNAs in MTEC1 cells with or without E2 treatment were then measured by RNA-Seq, and a total of 962 lncRNAs and 2,469 mRNAs were shown to be differentially expressed. The reliability of RNA-Seq was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the potential function of lncRNAs. According to gene ontology (GO) analysis, differentially expressed lncRNAs were mainly related to cell proliferation, cell cycle and cell apoptosis. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these lncRNAs were associated with several pathways, namely immunological activity, metabolism and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. In conclusion, our study provided a novel direction for studying the relationship between lncRNAs and E2 in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Wei
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongguang Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaizhao Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guan Liang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jilong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yugu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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10
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Varlamova EG. Participation of selenoproteins localized in the ER in the processes occurring in this organelle and in the regulation of carcinogenesis-associated processes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:172-180. [PMID: 29773177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The functions performed by the ER are diverse: synthesis of steroid hormones, synthesis of proteins for the plasma membrane, lysosomes, as well as proteins meant for exocytosis, protein folding, formation of disulfide bonds, N-linked glycosylation, etc. Selenoproteins localized in this organelle are definitely involved in the processes occurring in it, and the most common of them include participation in protein degradation, regulation of ER stress and redox metabolism. ER stress has been registered in many types of cancer cells. The ability to persist under prolonged ER stress increases their survival, resistance to drugs and immunity. Disturbances in the redox regulation of the cell cycle, which result in the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the ER, viral infection, disruption of Ca2+ regulation, are known to cause an evolutionarily conserved reaction - unfolded protein response (UPR) and, ultimately, lead to ER stress. Since selenoproteins, as oxidoreductases, possess antioxidant properties, and their role in the regulation of important processes, such as carcinogenesis and ER stress, has been actively studied in the recent decades, the subject of this review is highly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gennadyevna Varlamova
- Federal State Institution of Science, Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St. 3, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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11
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Li M, Cheng W, Nie T, Lai H, Hu X, Luo J, Li F, Li H. Selenoprotein K Mediates the Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Choriocarcinoma Cells by Negatively Regulating Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Expression via ERK, p38 MAPK, and Akt Signaling Pathway. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:47-59. [PMID: 28983820 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Selenoprotein K (SelK), a member of selenoprotein family, is identified as a single endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane protein. Although over-expression of SelK inhibits adherence and migration of human gastric cancer BGC-823 cells, the effects of SelK in human choriocarcinoma (CCA) are not well understood. In this study, the expression levels of SelK in three CCA cell lines, BeWo, JEG-3, and JAR, were examined. The effects of silencing or over-expressing SelK on expression of human chorionic gonadotropin beta subunit (β-hCG) were detected by western blotting. The results show that the protein level of β-hCG was reciprocally regulated by down- or up-regulation of SelK (*P < 0.05; #P < 0.05). The proliferative, migratory, and invasive capabilities of JEG-3 cells with reduced or over-expressed SelK were then tested using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing, and transwell chamber assays. We found that these cellular activities were markedly increased by the loss of SelK in JEG-3 cells. Conversely, over-expressing SelK in JEG-3 cells suppressed these phenotypes. In addition, SelK expression after down- or up-regulation of β-hCG was also measured. Surprisingly, we found that level of SelK was affected by β-hCG (*P < 0.05; #P < 0.05). The proliferation, migration, and invasion were determined in JEG-3 cells after each over-expression and reduction of β-hCG. The results confirmed that β-hCG functions as a promoter of human choriocarcinoma. Furthermore, ERK/p38 MAPK and Akt signaling pathways were found to involve in these cellular functions. This work suggests that SelK may act as a tumor suppressor in human choriocarcinoma cells by negatively regulating β-hCG expression via ERK, p38 MAPK, and Akt signaling pathways. These findings revealed that selenoprotein K may serve as a novel target for human choriocarcinoma therapy in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdi Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Wanpeng Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Qinhuangdao First Hospital, 258 Wenhua Road, Qinhuangdao, 066000, China
| | - Tingting Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hehuan Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Jincheng Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Fenglan Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Basic Medical Science College, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081, China.
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12
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Emerging roles of endoplasmic reticulum-resident selenoproteins in the regulation of cellular stress responses and the implications for metabolic disease. Biochem J 2018; 475:1037-1057. [PMID: 29559580 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20170920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Chronic metabolic stress leads to cellular dysfunction, characterized by excessive reactive oxygen species, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and inflammation, which has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The ER is gaining recognition as a key organelle in integrating cellular stress responses. ER homeostasis is tightly regulated by a complex antioxidant system, which includes the seven ER-resident selenoproteins - 15 kDa selenoprotein, type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase and selenoproteins S, N, K, M and T. Here, the findings from biochemical, cell-based and mouse studies investigating the function of ER-resident selenoproteins are reviewed. Human experimental and genetic studies are drawn upon to highlight the relevance of these selenoproteins to the pathogenesis of metabolic disease. ER-resident selenoproteins have discrete roles in the regulation of oxidative, ER and inflammatory stress responses, as well as intracellular calcium homeostasis. To date, only two of these ER-resident selenoproteins, selenoproteins S and N have been implicated in human disease. Nonetheless, the potential of all seven ER-resident selenoproteins to ameliorate metabolic dysfunction warrants further investigation.
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13
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Varlamova EG, Goltyaev MV, Novoselov VI, Fesenko EE. Cloning, intracellular localization, and expression of the mammalian selenocysteine-containing protein SELENOI (SelI) in tumor cell lines. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2017; 476:320-322. [DOI: 10.1134/s160767291705012x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Abstract
Cancer survival is largely impacted by the dissemination of cancer cells from the original tumor site to secondary tissues or organs through metastasis. Targets for antimetastatic therapies have recently become a focus of research, but progress will require a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving metastasis. Selenoproteins play important roles in many of the cellular activities underlying metastasis including cell adhesion, matrix degradation and migration, invasion into the blood and extravasation into secondary tissues, and subsequent proliferation into metastatic tumors along with the angiogenesis required for growth. In this review the roles identified for different selenoproteins in these steps and how they may promote or inhibit metastatic cancers is discussed. These roles include selenoenzyme modulation of redox tone and detoxification of reactive oxygen species, calcium homeostasis and unfolded protein responses regulated by endoplasmic reticulum selenoproteins, and the multiple physiological responses influenced by other selenoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Marciel
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Peter R Hoffmann
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States.
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15
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Varlamova EG, Cheremushkina IV. Contribution of mammalian selenocysteine-containing proteins to carcinogenesis. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:76-85. [PMID: 27908428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by a sharp growth of free radicals in the organism is a major cause underlying the occurrence of all kinds of malignant formations. Selenium is an important essential trace element found in selenoproteins in the form of selenocysteine, an amino acid differing from cysteine for the presence of selenium instead of sulfur and making such proteins highly active. To date the role of selenium has been extensively investigated through studying the functions of selenoproteins in carcinogenesis. Analysis of the obtained results clearly demonstrates that selenoproteins can act as oncosuppressors, but can also, on the contrary, favor the formation of malignant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Gennadyevna Varlamova
- Federal State Institution of Science Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow Region, Institutskaya st. 3, 142290, Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Irina Valentinovna Cheremushkina
- Federal State Educational Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology, Prospect revolution st. 19, 394000, Voronezh, Russia.
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16
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Panaka S, Trivedi R, Jaipal K, Giribabu L, Sujitha P, Kumar CG, Sridhar B. Ferrocenyl chalcogeno (sugar) triazole conjugates: Synthesis, characterization and anticancer properties. J Organomet Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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