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Wu Y, Xiong F, Ling J. The role of heat shock protein B8 in neuronal protection against oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction: A literature review. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 140:112836. [PMID: 39094362 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Excessive oxidative stress triggers cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases resulting in acute and chronic brain injury. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. Levels of small heat shock protein B8 (HSPB8), which is highly expressed in the brain, are known to be significantly elevated in cerebral injury models. Exogenous HSPB8 protects the brain against mitochondrial damage. One potential mechanism underlying this protection is that HSPB8 overexpression alleviates the mitochondria-dependent pathways of apoptosis; mitochondrial biogenesis, fission, and mitophagy. Overexpression of HSPB8 may therefore have potential as a clinical therapy for cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. This review provides an overview of advances in the protective effects of HSPB8 against excessive cerebral oxidative stress, including the modulation of mitochondrial dysfunction and potent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Wu
- Health Management Center, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Jianmin Ling
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China; Department of Critical Care Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430000, China.
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2
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Bonavita R, Di Martino R, Cortone G, Prodomo A, Di Gennaro M, Scerra G, Panico V, Nuzzo S, Salvatore M, Williams SV, Vitale F, Caporaso MG, D’Agostino M, Pisani FM, Fleming A, Renna M. A method for the analysis of the oligomerization profile of the Huntington's disease-associated, aggregation-prone mutant huntingtin protein by isopycnic ultracentrifugation. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1420691. [PMID: 38993838 PMCID: PMC11236693 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1420691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Conformational diseases, such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases as well as ataxias and fronto-temporal disorders, are part of common class of neurological disorders characterised by the aggregation and progressive accumulation of mutant proteins which display aberrant conformation. In particular, Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by mutations leading to an abnormal expansion in the polyglutamine (poly-Q) tract of the huntingtin protein (HTT), leading to the formation of inclusion bodies in neurons of affected patients. Furthermore, recent experimental evidence is challenging the conventional view of the disease by revealing the ability of mutant HTT to be transferred between cells by means of extracellular vesicles (EVs), allowing the mutant protein to seed oligomers involving both the mutant and wild type forms of the protein. There is still no successful strategy to treat HD. In addition, the current understanding of the biological processes leading to the oligomerization and aggregation of proteins bearing the poly-Q tract has been derived from studies conducted on isolated poly-Q monomers and oligomers, whose structural properties are still unclear and often inconsistent. Here we describe a standardised biochemical approach to analyse by isopycnic ultracentrifugation the oligomerization of the N-terminal fragment of mutant HTT. The dynamic range of our method allows one to detect large and heterogeneous HTT complexes. Hence, it could be harnessed for the identification of novel molecular determinants responsible for the aggregation and the prion-like spreading properties of HTT in the context of HD. Equally, it provides a tool to test novel small molecules or bioactive compounds designed to inhibit the aggregation of mutant HTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Bonavita
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosaria Di Martino
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cortone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonello Prodomo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Di Gennaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore”, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Gianluca Scerra
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Valentino Panico
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Sarah V. Williams
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvia Vitale
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Gabriella Caporaso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Massimo D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca M. Pisani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Angeleen Fleming
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Renna
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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3
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Yan L, Li Z, Li C, Chen J, Zhou X, Cui J, Liu P, Shen C, Chen C, Hong H, Xu G, Cui Z. Hspb1 and Lgals3 in spinal neurons are closely associated with autophagy following excitotoxicity based on machine learning algorithms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303235. [PMID: 38728287 PMCID: PMC11086895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity represents the primary cause of neuronal death following spinal cord injury (SCI). While autophagy plays a critical and intricate role in SCI, the specific mechanism underlying the relationship between excitotoxicity and autophagy in SCI has been largely overlooked. In this study, we isolated primary spinal cord neurons from neonatal rats and induced excitotoxic neuronal injury by high concentrations of glutamic acid, mimicking an excitotoxic injury model. Subsequently, we performed transcriptome sequencing. Leveraging machine learning algorithms, including weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), random forest analysis (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (LASSO), we conducted a comprehensive investigation into key genes associated with spinal cord neuron injury. We also utilized protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis to identify pivotal proteins regulating key gene expression and analyzed key genes from public datasets (GSE2599, GSE20907, GSE45006, and GSE174549). Our findings revealed that six genes-Anxa2, S100a10, Ccng1, Timp1, Hspb1, and Lgals3-were significantly upregulated not only in vitro in neurons subjected to excitotoxic injury but also in rats with subacute SCI. Furthermore, Hspb1 and Lgals3 were closely linked to neuronal autophagy induced by excitotoxicity. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of excitotoxicity and autophagy, offering potential targets and a theoretical foundation for SCI diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zihao Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanbo Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chong Shen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chu Chen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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4
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McFleder RL, Makhotkina A, Groh J, Keber U, Imdahl F, Peña Mosca J, Peteranderl A, Wu J, Tabuchi S, Hoffmann J, Karl AK, Pagenstecher A, Vogel J, Beilhack A, Koprich JB, Brotchie JM, Saliba AE, Volkmann J, Ip CW. Brain-to-gut trafficking of alpha-synuclein by CD11c + cells in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7529. [PMID: 37981650 PMCID: PMC10658151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the brain and gut is a critical component of several neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). One trigger of the immune system in PD is aggregation of the pre-synaptic protein, α-synuclein (αSyn). Understanding the mechanism of propagation of αSyn aggregates is essential to developing disease-modifying therapeutics. Using a brain-first mouse model of PD, we demonstrate αSyn trafficking from the brain to the ileum of male mice. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the ileal αSyn aggregations are contained within CD11c+ cells. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrate that ileal CD11c+ cells are microglia-like and the same subtype of cells is activated in the brain and ileum of PD mice. Moreover, by utilizing mice expressing the photo-convertible protein, Dendra2, we show that CD11c+ cells traffic from the brain to the ileum. Together these data provide a mechanism of αSyn trafficking between the brain and gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda L McFleder
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Janos Groh
- Institute of Neuronal Cell Biology, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ursula Keber
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Imdahl
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josefina Peña Mosca
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alina Peteranderl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Sawako Tabuchi
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Karl
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Axel Pagenstecher
- Department of Neuropathology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Vogel
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beilhack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (ZEMM), Würzburg University Hospital, Würzburg, Germany
| | - James B Koprich
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Atuka Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research (HIRI), Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Molecular Infection Biology (IMIB), University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jens Volkmann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Chi Wang Ip
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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5
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Gu C, Fan X, Yu W. Functional Diversity of Mammalian Small Heat Shock Proteins: A Review. Cells 2023; 12:1947. [PMID: 37566026 PMCID: PMC10417760 DOI: 10.3390/cells12151947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The small heat shock proteins (sHSPs), whose molecular weight ranges from 12∼43 kDa, are members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family that are widely found in all organisms. As intracellular stress resistance molecules, sHSPs play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment under various stressful conditions. A total of 10 sHSPs have been identified in mammals, sharing conserved α-crystal domains combined with variable N-terminal and C-terminal regions. Unlike large-molecular-weight HSP, sHSPs prevent substrate protein aggregation through an ATP-independent mechanism. In addition to chaperone activity, sHSPs were also shown to suppress apoptosis, ferroptosis, and senescence, promote autophagy, regulate cytoskeletal dynamics, maintain membrane stability, control the direction of cellular differentiation, modulate angiogenesis, and spermatogenesis, as well as attenuate the inflammatory response and reduce oxidative damage. Phosphorylation is the most significant post-translational modification of sHSPs and is usually an indicator of their activation. Furthermore, abnormalities in sHSPs often lead to aggregation of substrate proteins and dysfunction of client proteins, resulting in disease. This paper reviews the various biological functions of sHSPs in mammals, emphasizing the roles of different sHSPs in specific cellular activities. In addition, we discuss the effect of phosphorylation on the function of sHSPs and the association between sHSPs and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoguang Gu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyi Fan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A1, Canada
| | - Wei Yu
- Institute of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Xiasha High-Tech Zone No.2 Road, Hangzhou 310018, China
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Bonavita R, Scerra G, Di Martino R, Nuzzo S, Polishchuk E, Di Gennaro M, Williams SV, Caporaso MG, Caiazza C, Polishchuk R, D’Agostino M, Fleming A, Renna M. The HSPB1-p62/SQSTM1 functional complex regulates the unconventional secretion and transcellular spreading of the HD-associated mutant huntingtin protein. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:2269-2291. [PMID: 36971475 PMCID: PMC10321397 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Conformational diseases, such as Alzheimer, Parkinson and Huntington diseases, are part of a common class of neurological disorders characterized by the aggregation and progressive accumulation of proteins bearing aberrant conformations. Huntington disease (HD) has autosomal dominant inheritance and is caused by mutations leading to an abnormal expansion in the polyglutamine (polyQ) tract of the huntingtin (HTT) protein, leading to the formation of HTT inclusion bodies in neurons of affected patients. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence is challenging the conventional view by which the disease pathogenesis is solely a consequence of the intracellular accumulation of mutant protein aggregates. These studies reveal that transcellular transfer of mutated huntingtin protein is able to seed oligomers involving even the wild-type (WT) forms of the protein. To date, there is still no successful strategy to treat HD. Here, we describe a novel functional role for the HSPB1-p62/SQSTM1 complex, which acts as a cargo loading platform, allowing the unconventional secretion of mutant HTT by extracellular vesicles. HSPB1 interacts preferentially with polyQ-expanded HTT compared with the WT protein and affects its aggregation. Furthermore, HSPB1 levels correlate with the rate of mutant HTT secretion, which is controlled by the activity of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Finally, we show that these HTT-containing vesicular structures are biologically active and able to be internalized by recipient cells, therefore providing an additional mechanism to explain the prion-like spreading properties of mutant HTT. These findings might also have implications for the turn-over of other disease-associated, aggregation-prone proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Di Martino
- Institute for Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology “G. Salvatore,” National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - S Nuzzo
- IRCCS SYNLAB SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy
| | - E Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - M Di Gennaro
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - S V Williams
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DY Cambridge, UK
| | - M G Caporaso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - C Caiazza
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - R Polishchuk
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - M D’Agostino
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - A Fleming
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, CB2 3DY Cambridge, UK
| | - M Renna
- To whom correspondence should be addressed at: Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, School of Medicine, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via S. Pansini, 5, Building 19, Corpi Bassi Sud (I floor), 80131 Naples, Italy. Tel: +39 081/7463623, Fax: +39 081-7463205;
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7
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Szebesczyk A, Słowik J. Heat shock proteins and metal ions - Reaction or interaction? Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:3103-3108. [PMID: 37273852 PMCID: PMC10236365 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are part of the cell's molecular chaperone system responsible for the proper folding (or refolding) of proteins. They are expressed in cells of a wide variety of organisms, from bacteria and fungi to humans. While some HSPs require metal ions for proper functioning, others are expressed as a response of the organism to either essential or toxic metal ions. Their presence can influence the occurrence of cellular processes, even those as significant as programmed cell death. The development of research methods and structural modeling has enabled increasingly accurate recognition of new HSP functions, including their role in maintaining metal ion homeostasis. Current investigations on the expression of HSPs in response to heavy metal ions include not only the direct effect of these ions on the cell but also analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the increased production of HSPs with increasing ROS concentration. This minireview contains information about the direct and indirect interactions of heat shock proteins with metal ions, both those of biological importance and heavy metals.
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8
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Guo H, Yi J, Wang F, Lei T, Du H. Potential application of heat shock proteins as therapeutic targets in Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2023; 162:105453. [PMID: 36402293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common chronic neurodegenerative disease, and the heat shock proteins (HSPs) are proved to be of great value for PD. In addition, HSPs can maintain protein homeostasis, degrade and inhibit protein aggregation by properly folding and activating intracellular proteins in PD. This study mainly summarizes the important roles of HSPs in PD and explores their feasibility as targets. We introduced the structural and functional characteristics of HSPs and the physiological functions of HSPs in PD. HSPs can protect neurons from damage by degrading aggregates with three mechanisms, including the aggregation and removing α-Synuclein (α-Syn) aggregates, promotion the autophagy of abnormal proteins, and inhibition the apoptosis of degenerated neurons. This study underscores the importance of HSPs as targets in PD and helps to expand new mechanisms in PD treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Guo
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jingsong Yi
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tong Lei
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongwu Du
- School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China; Daxing Research Institute, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Emerging therapeutic roles of small heat shock protein-derived mini-chaperones and their delivery strategies. Biochimie 2022; 208:56-65. [PMID: 36521577 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The small heat shock protein (sHsp) family is a group of proteins in which some are induced in response to external stimuli, such as environmental and pathological stresses, while others are constitutively expressed. They show chaperone-like activity, protect cells from apoptosis, and maintain cytoskeletal architecture. Short sequences or fragments ranging from approximately 19-20 residues in sHsps were shown to display chaperone activity in vitro. These sequences are termed sHsp-derived mini-peptides/mini-chaperones. These peptides offer an advantage in providing protective and therapeutic effects over full-length proteins owing to their small molecular weight and easy uptake into the cells. Research on sHsp mini-chaperone therapy has recently received attention and advanced tremendously. sHsp mini-chaperones have shown a wide range of therapeutic effects, such as anti-aggregation of proteins, anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, senolytic, and anti-platelet activity. The administration of mini-chaperones into the several disease animal models, including experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, cataract, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and thrombosis through various routes reduced symptoms or prevented the progression of the disease. However, it was found that the therapeutic potential of sHsp mini-chaperones is limited by their short turnover and enzymatic degradation in circulation. Nonetheless, carrier molecules approach such as nanoparticles, cell penetration peptides, and extracellular vesicles increased their efficacy by enhancing the uptake, retention time, protection from enzymatic degradation, and site-specific delivery without altering their biological activity. In this context, this review highlights the recent advances in the therapeutic potential of sHsp-derived mini-chaperones, their effect in experimental animal models, and approaches for increasing their efficacy.
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10
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Autoencoder Networks Decipher the Association between Lung Cancer and Alzheimer’s Disease. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 2022:2009545. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/2009545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common malignancy and is responsible for the largest cancer-related mortality worldwide. Alzheimer’s disease is a degenerative neurological disease that burdens healthcare worldwide. While the two diseases are distinct, several transcriptomic studies have demonstrated they are linked. However, no concordant conclusion on how they are associated has been drawn. Since these studies utilized conventional bioinformatics methods, such as the differentially expressed gene (DEG) analysis, it is naturally expected that the proportion of DEGs having either the same or inverse directions in lung cancer and Alzheimer’s disease is substantial. This raises the inconsistency. Therefore, a novel bioinformatics method capable of determining the direction of association is desirable. In this study, the moderated t-tests were first used to identify DEGs that are shared by the two diseases. For the shared DEGs, separate autoencoder (AE) networks were trained to extract a one-dimensional representation (pseudogene) for each disease. Based on these pseudogenes, the association direction between lung cancer and Alzheimer’s disease was inferred. AE networks based on 266 shared DEGs revealed a comorbidity relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and lung cancer. Specifically, Spearman’s correlation coefficient between the predicted values using the two AE networks for the Alzheimer’s disease test set was 0.825 and for the lung cancer test set was 0.316. Novel bioinformatics methods such as an AE network may help decipher how distinct diseases are associated by providing the refined representations of dysregulated genes.
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11
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Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Immune Infiltration Characteristics in Ulcerative Colitis by Combining Results from Two Machine Learning Algorithms. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5412627. [PMID: 35959356 PMCID: PMC9359832 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5412627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective This study was designed to identify potential biomarkers for ulcerative colitis (UC) and analyze the immune infiltration characteristics in UC. Methods Datasets containing human UC and normal control tissues (GSE87466, GSE107597, and GSE13367) were downloaded from the GEO database. Then, the GSE87466 and GSE107597 datasets were merged, and the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between UC and normal control tissues were screened out by the “limma R” package. The LASSO regression model and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were performed to screen out the best biomarkers. The GSE13367 dataset was used as a validation cohort, and the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic performance. Finally, the immune infiltration characteristics in UC were explored by CIBERSORT, and we further analyzed the correlation between potential biomarkers and different immune cells. Results A total of 76 DEGs were screened out, among which 56 genes were upregulated and 20 genes were downregulated. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were mainly involved in immune response, chemokine signaling, IL−17 signaling, cytokine receptor interactions, inflammatory bowel disease, etc. ABCG2, HSPB3, SLC6A14, and VNN1 were identified as potential biomarkers for UC and validated in the GSE13367 dataset (AUC = 0.889, 95% CI: 0.797~0.961). Immune infiltration analysis by CIBERSORT revealed that there were significant differences in immune infiltration characteristics between UC and normal control tissues. A high level of memory B cells, γδ T cells, activated mast cells, M1 macrophages, neutrophils, etc. were found in the UC group, while a high level of M2 type macrophages, resting mast cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells, etc. were found in the normal control group. Conclusion ABCG2, HSPB3, SLC6A14, and VNN 1 were identified as potential biomarkers for UC. There was an obvious difference in immune infiltration between UC and normal control tissues, which may provide help to guide individualized treatment and develop new research directions.
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Holguin BA, Hildenbrand ZL, Bernal RA. Insights Into the Role of Heat Shock Protein 27 in the Development of Neurodegeneration. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:868089. [PMID: 35431800 PMCID: PMC9005852 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.868089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock protein 27 is a critically important chaperone, that plays a key role in several essential and varied physiological processes. These include thermotolerance, apoptosis, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell differentiation, protein folding, among others. Despite its relatively small size and intrinsically disordered termini, it forms large and polydisperse oligomers that are in equilibrium with dimers. This equilibrium is driven by transient interactions between the N-terminal region, the α-crystallin domain, and the C-terminal region. The continuous redistribution of binding partners results in a conformationally dynamic protein that allows it to adapt to different functions where substrate capture is required. However, the intrinsic disorder of the amino and carboxy terminal regions and subsequent conformational variability has made structural investigations challenging. Because heat shock protein 27 is critical for so many key cellular functions, it is not surprising that it also has been linked to human disease. Charcot-Marie-Tooth and distal hereditary motor neuropathy are examples of neurodegenerative disorders that arise from single point mutations in heat shock protein 27. The development of possible treatments, however, depends on our understanding of its normal function at the molecular level so we might be able to understand how mutations manifest as disease. This review will summarize recent reports describing investigations into the structurally elusive regions of Hsp27. Recent insights begin to provide the required context to explain the relationship between a mutation and the resulting loss or gain of function that leads to Charcot-Marie Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy.
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Lindberg I, Shu Z, Lam H, Helwig M, Yucer N, Laperle A, Svendsen C, Di Monte DA, Maidment NT. The proSAAS Chaperone Provides Neuroprotection and Attenuates Transsynaptic α-Synuclein Spread in Rodent Models of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1463-1478. [PMID: 35527562 PMCID: PMC9731515 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease involves aberrant aggregation of the synaptic protein alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the nigrostriatal tract. We have previously shown that proSAAS, a small neuronal chaperone, blocks aSyn-induced dopaminergic cytotoxicity in primary nigral cultures. OBJECTIVE To determine if proSAAS overexpression is neuroprotective in animal models of Parkinson's disease. METHODS proSAAS- or GFP-encoding lentivirus was injected together with human aSyn-expressing AAV unilaterally into the substantia nigra of rats and motor asymmetry assessed using a battery of motor performance tests. Dopamine neuron survival was assessed by nigral stereology and striatal tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) densitometry. To examine transsynaptic spread of aSyn, aSyn AAV was injected into the vagus of mice in the presence of AAVs encoding either GFP or proSAAS; the spread of aSyn-positive neurites into rostral nuclei was quantified following immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Coinjection of proSAAS-encoding lentivirus profoundly reduced the motor asymmetry caused by unilateral nigral AAV-mediated human aSyn overexpression. This was accompanied by significant amelioration of the human aSyn-induced loss of both nigral TH-positive cells and striatal TH-positive terminals, demonstrating clear proSAAS-mediated protection of the nigrostriatal tract. ProSAAS overexpression reduced human aSyn protein levels in nigra and striatum and reduced the loss of TH protein in both regions. Following vagal administration of human aSyn-encoding AAV, the number of human aSyn-positive neurites in the pons and caudal midbrain was considerably reduced in mice coinjected with proSAAS-, but not GFP-encoding AAV, supporting proSAAS-mediated blockade of transsynaptic aSyn transmission. CONCLUSION The proSAAS chaperone may represent a promising target for therapeutic development in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Lindberg
- University of Maryland-Baltimore;,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Iris Lindberg, Ph.D., Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland Medical School, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, Phone: (410) 7064778, and Nigel T. Maidment, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90024, Phone: (310) 206-7767,
| | - Zhan Shu
- University of California-Los Angeles
| | - Hoa Lam
- University of California-Los Angeles
| | | | - Nur Yucer
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles
| | | | | | | | - Nigel T. Maidment
- University of California-Los Angeles;,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Iris Lindberg, Ph.D., Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland Medical School, University of Maryland-Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, Phone: (410) 7064778, and Nigel T. Maidment, Ph.D., Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Hatos Center for Neuropharmacology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles CA 90024, Phone: (310) 206-7767,
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Navarro-Zaragoza J, Cuenca-Bermejo L, Almela P, Laorden ML, Herrero MT. Could Small Heat Shock Protein HSP27 Be a First-Line Target for Preventing Protein Aggregation in Parkinson's Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3038. [PMID: 33809767 PMCID: PMC8002365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as HSP27, are ubiquitously expressed molecular chaperones and are essential for cellular homeostasis. The major functions of HSP27 include chaperoning misfolded or unfolded polypeptides and protecting cells from toxic stress. Dysregulation of stress proteins is associated with many human diseases including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is characterized by the presence of aggregates of α-synuclein in the central and peripheral nervous system, which induces the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and in the autonomic nervous system. Autonomic dysfunction is an important non-motor phenotype of PD, which includes cardiovascular dysregulation, among others. Nowadays, the therapies for PD focus on dopamine (DA) replacement. However, certain non-motor symptoms with a great impact on quality of life do not respond to dopaminergic drugs; therefore, the development and testing of new treatments for non-motor symptoms of PD remain a priority. Since small HSP27 was shown to prevent α-synuclein aggregation and cytotoxicity, this protein might constitute a suitable target to prevent or delay the motor and non-motor symptoms of PD. In the first part of our review, we focus on the cardiovascular dysregulation observed in PD patients. In the second part, we present data on the possible role of HSP27 in preventing the accumulation of amyloid fibrils and aggregated forms of α-synuclein. We also include our own studies, highlighting the possible protective cardiac effects induced by L-DOPA treatment through the enhancement of HSP27 levels and activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Navarro-Zaragoza
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.N.-Z.); (M.-L.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Lorena Cuenca-Bermejo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NICE), Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Pilar Almela
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.N.-Z.); (M.-L.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Luisa Laorden
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (J.N.-Z.); (M.-L.L.)
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - María-Trinidad Herrero
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Murcia (IMIB), Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Clinical & Experimental Neuroscience (NICE), Institute for Aging Research, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
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Alarmins and c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase (JNK) Signaling in Neuroinflammation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112350. [PMID: 33114371 PMCID: PMC7693759 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is involved in the progression or secondary injury of multiple brain conditions, including stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Alarmins, also known as damage-associated molecular patterns, are released in the presence of neuroinflammation and in the acute phase of ischemia. Defensins, cathelicidin, high-mobility group box protein 1, S100 proteins, heat shock proteins, nucleic acids, histones, nucleosomes, and monosodium urate microcrystals are thought to be alarmins. They are released from damaged or dying cells and activate the innate immune system by interacting with pattern recognition receptors. Being principal sterile inflammation triggering agents, alarmins are considered biomarkers and therapeutic targets. They are recognized by host cells and prime the innate immune system toward cell death and distress. In stroke, alarmins act as mediators initiating the inflammatory response after the release from the cellular components of the infarct core and penumbra. Increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation may be involved in the mechanism of stress-induced release of alarmins. Putative crosstalk between the alarmin-associated pathways and JNK signaling seems to be inherently interwoven. This review outlines the role of alarmins/JNK-signaling in cerebral neurovascular inflammation and summarizes the complex response of cells to alarmins. Emerging anti-JNK and anti-alarmin drug treatment strategies are discussed.
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Paul D, Chipurupalli S, Justin A, Raja K, Mohankumar SK. Caenorhabditis elegans as a possible model to screen anti-Alzheimer's therapeutics. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 106:106932. [PMID: 33091537 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is regarded as one of the significant health burdens, as the prevalence is raising worldwide and gradually reaching to epidemic proportions. Consequently, a number of scientific investigations have been initiated to derive therapeutics to combat AD with a concurrent advancement in pharmacological methods and experimental models. Whilst, the available experimental pharmacological approaches both in vivo and in vitro led to the development of AD therapeutics, the precise manner by which experimental models mimic either one or more biomarkers of human pathology of AD is gaining scientific attentions. Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) has been regarded as an emerging model for various reasons, including its high similarities with the biomarkers of human AD. Our review supports the versatile nature of C. elegans and collates that it is a well-suited model to elucidate various molecular mechanisms by which AD therapeutics elicit their pharmacological effects. It is apparent that C. elegans is capable of establishing the pathological processes that links the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria dysfunctions in AD, exploring novel molecular cascades of AD pathogenesis and underpinning causal and consequential changes in the associated proteins and genes. In summary, C. elegans is a unique and feasible model for the screening of anti-Alzheimer's therapeutics and has the potential for further scientific exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepraj Paul
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sandhya Chipurupalli
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Antony Justin
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kalpana Raja
- Regenerative Biology, Morgridge Institute of Research, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh K Mohankumar
- TIFAC CORE in Herbal Drugs, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Rockland's, Ooty 643001, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhong M, Luo Q, Ye T, Zhu X, Chen X, Liu J. Identification of Candidate Genes Associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease by Network and Pathway Analysis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1353516. [PMID: 33029488 PMCID: PMC7532371 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1353516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease (CMT) is the most common clinical genetic disease of the peripheral nervous system. Although many studies have focused on elucidating the pathogenesis of CMT, few focuses on achieving a systematic analysis of biology to decode the underlying pathological molecular mechanisms and the mechanism of its disease remains to be elucidated. So our study may provide further useful insights into the molecular mechanisms of CMT based on a systematic bioinformatics analysis. In the current study, by reviewing the literatures deposited in PUBMED, we identified 100 genes genetically related to CMT. Then, the functional features of the CMT-related genes were examined by R software and KOBAS, and the selected biological process crosstalk was visualized with the software Cytoscape. Moreover, CMT specific molecular network analysis was conducted by the Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) Algorithm. The biological function enrichment analysis suggested that myelin sheath, axon, peripheral nervous system, mitochondrial function, various metabolic processes, and autophagy played important roles in CMT development. Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, metabolic pathways, and vasopressin-regulated water reabsorption were significantly enriched in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway network, suggesting that these pathways may play key roles in CMT occurrence and development. According to the crosstalk, the biological processes could be roughly divided into a correlative module and two separate modules. MCODE clusters showed that in top 3 clusters, 13 of CMT-related genes were included in the network and 30 candidate genes were discovered which might be potentially related to CMT. The study may help to update the new understanding of the pathogenesis of CMT and expand the potential genes of CMT for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - XiDan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - Xiu Chen
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
| | - JinBo Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, 646000 Sichuan, China
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Chaplot K, Jarvela TS, Lindberg I. Secreted Chaperones in Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:268. [PMID: 33192447 PMCID: PMC7481362 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is a combination of cellular processes that govern protein quality control, namely, protein translation, folding, processing, and degradation. Disruptions in these processes can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation. Proteostatic disruption can lead to cellular changes such as endoplasmic reticulum or oxidative stress; organelle dysfunction; and, if continued, to cell death. A majority of neurodegenerative diseases involve the pathologic aggregation of proteins that subverts normal neuronal function. While prior reviews of neuronal proteostasis in neurodegenerative processes have focused on cytoplasmic chaperones, there is increasing evidence that chaperones secreted both by neurons and other brain cells in the extracellular - including transsynaptic - space play important roles in neuronal proteostasis. In this review, we will introduce various secreted chaperones involved in neurodegeneration. We begin with clusterin and discuss its identification in various protein aggregates, and the use of increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) clusterin as a potential biomarker and as a potential therapeutic. Our next secreted chaperone is progranulin; polymorphisms in this gene represent a known genetic risk factor for frontotemporal lobar degeneration, and progranulin overexpression has been found to be effective in reducing Alzheimer's- and Parkinson's-like neurodegenerative phenotypes in mouse models. We move on to BRICHOS domain-containing proteins, a family of proteins containing highly potent anti-amyloidogenic activity; we summarize studies describing the biochemical mechanisms by which recombinant BRICHOS protein might serve as a therapeutic agent. The next section of the review is devoted to the secreted chaperones 7B2 and proSAAS, small neuronal proteins which are packaged together with neuropeptides and released during synaptic activity. Since proteins can be secreted by both classical secretory and non-classical mechanisms, we also review the small heat shock proteins (sHsps) that can be secreted from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment and provide evidence for their involvement in extracellular proteostasis and neuroprotection. Our goal in this review focusing on extracellular chaperones in neurodegenerative disease is to summarize the most recent literature relating to neurodegeneration for each secreted chaperone; to identify any common mechanisms; and to point out areas of similarity as well as differences between the secreted chaperones identified to date.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iris Lindberg
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
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Lottes EN, Cox DN. Homeostatic Roles of the Proteostasis Network in Dendrites. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:264. [PMID: 33013325 PMCID: PMC7461941 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular protein homeostasis, or proteostasis, is indispensable to the survival and function of all cells. Distinct from other cell types, neurons are long-lived, exhibiting architecturally complex and diverse multipolar projection morphologies that can span great distances. These properties present unique demands on proteostatic machinery to dynamically regulate the neuronal proteome in both space and time. Proteostasis is regulated by a distributed network of cellular processes, the proteostasis network (PN), which ensures precise control of protein synthesis, native conformational folding and maintenance, and protein turnover and degradation, collectively safeguarding proteome integrity both under homeostatic conditions and in the contexts of cellular stress, aging, and disease. Dendrites are equipped with distributed cellular machinery for protein synthesis and turnover, including dendritically trafficked ribosomes, chaperones, and autophagosomes. The PN can be subdivided into an adaptive network of three major functional pathways that synergistically govern protein quality control through the action of (1) protein synthesis machinery; (2) maintenance mechanisms including molecular chaperones involved in protein folding; and (3) degradative pathways (e.g., Ubiquitin-Proteasome System (UPS), endolysosomal pathway, and autophagy. Perturbations in any of the three arms of proteostasis can have dramatic effects on neurons, especially on their dendrites, which require tightly controlled homeostasis for proper development and maintenance. Moreover, the critical importance of the PN as a cell surveillance system against protein dyshomeostasis has been highlighted by extensive work demonstrating that the aggregation and/or failure to clear aggregated proteins figures centrally in many neurological disorders. While these studies demonstrate the relevance of derangements in proteostasis to human neurological disease, here we mainly review recent literature on homeostatic developmental roles the PN machinery plays in the establishment, maintenance, and plasticity of stable and dynamic dendritic arbors. Beyond basic housekeeping functions, we consider roles of PN machinery in protein quality control mechanisms linked to dendritic plasticity (e.g., dendritic spine remodeling during LTP); cell-type specificity; dendritic morphogenesis; and dendritic pruning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin N Lottes
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Daniel N Cox
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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Proteinaceous Transformers: Structural and Functional Variability of Human sHsps. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155448. [PMID: 32751672 PMCID: PMC7432308 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteostasis network allows organisms to support and regulate the life cycle of proteins. Especially regarding stress, molecular chaperones represent the main players within this network. Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are a diverse family of ATP-independent molecular chaperones acting as the first line of defense in many stress situations. Thereby, the promiscuous interaction of sHsps with substrate proteins results in complexes from which the substrates can be refolded by ATP-dependent chaperones. Particularly in vertebrates, sHsps are linked to a broad variety of diseases and are needed to maintain the refractive index of the eye lens. A striking key characteristic of sHsps is their existence in ensembles of oligomers with varying numbers of subunits. The respective dynamics of these molecules allow the exchange of subunits and the formation of hetero-oligomers. Additionally, these dynamics are closely linked to the chaperone activity of sHsps. In current models a shift in the equilibrium of the sHsp ensemble allows regulation of the chaperone activity, whereby smaller oligomers are commonly the more active species. Different triggers reversibly change the oligomer equilibrium and regulate the activity of sHsps. However, a finite availability of high-resolution structures of sHsps still limits a detailed mechanistic understanding of their dynamics and the correlating recognition of substrate proteins. Here we summarize recent advances in understanding the structural and functional relationships of human sHsps with a focus on the eye-lens αA- and αB-crystallins.
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Shatov VM, Strelkov SV, Gusev NB. The Heterooligomerization of Human Small Heat Shock Proteins Is Controlled by Conserved Motif Located in the N-Terminal Domain. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21124248. [PMID: 32549212 PMCID: PMC7352286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed human small heat shock proteins (sHsps) HspB1, HspB5, HspB6 and HspB8 contain a conserved motif (S/G)RLFD in their N-terminal domain. For each of them, we prepared mutants with a replacement of the conserved R by A (R/A mutants) and a complete deletion of the pentapeptide (Δ mutants) and analyzed their heterooligomerization with other wild-type (WT) human sHsps. We found that WT HspB1 and HspB5 formed heterooligomers with HspB6 only upon heating. In contrast, both HspB1 mutants interacted with WT HspB6 even at low temperature. HspB1/HspB6 heterooligomers revealed a broad size distribution with equimolar ratio suggestive of heterodimers as building blocks, while HspB5/HspB6 heterooligomers had an approximate 2:1 ratio. In contrast, R/A or Δ mutants of HspB6, when mixed with either HspB1 or HspB5, resulted in heterooligomers with a highly variable molar ratio and a decreased HspB6 incorporation. No heterooligomerization of HspB8 or its mutants with either HspB1 or HspB5 could be detected. Finally, R/A or Δ mutations had no effect on heterooligomerization of HspB1 and HspB5 as analyzed by ion exchange chromatography. We conclude that the conserved N-terminal motif plays an important role in heterooligomer formation, as especially pronounced in HspB6 lacking the C-terminal IXI motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav M. Shatov
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian;
| | - Sergei V. Strelkov
- Laboratory for Biocrystallography, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium;
| | - Nikolai B. Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biology, Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian;
- Correspondence:
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Pullen MY, Weihl CC, True HL. Client processing is altered by novel myopathy-causing mutations in the HSP40 J domain. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234207. [PMID: 32497100 PMCID: PMC7272046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The misfolding and aggregation of proteins is often implicated in the development and progression of degenerative diseases. Heat shock proteins (HSPs), such as the ubiquitously expressed Type II Hsp40 molecular chaperone, DNAJB6, assist in protein folding and disaggregation. Historically, mutations within the DNAJB6 G/F domain have been associated with Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 1D, now referred to as LGMDD1, a dominantly inherited degenerative disease. Recently, novel mutations within the J domain of DNAJB6 have been reported in patients with LGMDD1. Since novel myopathy-causing mutations in the Hsp40 J domain have yet to be characterized and both the function of DNAJB6 in skeletal muscle and the clients of this chaperone are unknown, we set out to assess the effect of these mutations on chaperone function using the genetically tractable yeast system. The essential yeast Type II Hsp40, Sis1, is homologous to DNAJB6 and is involved in the propagation of yeast prions. Using phenotypic, biochemical, and functional assays we found that homologous mutations in the Sis1 J domain differentially alter the processing of specific yeast prion strains, as well as a non-prion substrate. These data suggest that the newly-identified mutations in the J domain of DNAJB6 cause aberrant chaperone function that leads to the pathogenesis in LGMDD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Y. Pullen
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Conrad C. Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Heather L. True
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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Zhao W, Dai L, Xi XT, Chen QB, An MX, Li Y. Sensitized heat shock protein 27 induces retinal ganglion cells apoptosis in rat glaucoma model. Int J Ophthalmol 2020; 13:525-534. [PMID: 32399401 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2020.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the relationships between the changes of heat shock protein 27 antibody (anti-HSP27) in serum/cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), intraocular pressure (IOP), retinal ganglion cell (RGC) apoptosis in a rat glaucoma model and disclose the underlying pathogenesis of glaucoma. METHODS A total of 115 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. Group 1 was the ocular hypertension group by condensing 3 episcleral & limbal veins or episcleral area of right eye (HP group, n=25) and sham operation group with conjunctiva incision without coagulation (n=25). Group 2: HSP27 or dose-matched PBS was injected into the vitreous (V-HSP27 group, n=15; V-PBS group, n=15). Group 3: HSP27 and complete Freund's adjuvant or dose-matched PBS was injected subcutaneously into the hind limb accompanied intraperitoneal injection of pertussis toxin [sensitized group (I-HSP27 group), n=15; I-PBS group, n=15)]. Group 4 was normal group without any treatment (n=5). IOPs of the rats were measured before, day 3, weeks 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 after treatment. Paraffin-embedded sections were prepared for HE staining and RGCs apoptosis were detected by TUNEL. Anti-HSP27 level in serum and CSF were examined by ELISA. RESULTS IOPs were elevated significantly in HP and V-HSP27, V-PBS groups (P<0.01) and positively related to anti-HSP27 levels in serum and CSFs. Anti-HSP27 levels in serum and CSF were elevated significantly in I-HSP27 group compared to other groups (P<0.05). However, the IOPs did not show any relationship with the high-level anti-HSP27 in serum and CSFs. RGC apoptosis were all elevated significantly in the HP, V-HSP27, V-PBS and I-HSP27 groups and also positively relative with anti-HSP27 level in serum and CSFs except that high-level of anti-HSP27 in the serum of I-HSP group. CONCLUSION The increases of anti-HSP27 levels in serum and CSFs both promote IOP escalation and the increase of RGC apoptosis in retina when anti-HSP27 is at low level. The case of high-level anti-HSP27 is opposite and shows protective function in preventing IOP increase and RGC apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Le Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Xi
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Qian-Bo Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Mei-Xia An
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, Yunnan Province, China
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