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Comparative analysis of Radachlorin accumulation, localization, and photobleaching in three cell lines by means of holographic and fluorescence microscopy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2022; 39:102973. [PMID: 35738552 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2022.102973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper we compare the response of cells of established lines of different origin: HeLa, A549 and 3T3 to photodynamic treatment with Radachlorin photosensitizer. The analysis was performed on different aspects of the treatment procedure including photosensitizer accumulation, localization and photobleaching in cells and post-treatment dynamics of changes in cellular morphology at different treatment doses. It was shown that in the three cell lines Radachlorin accumulated in lysosomes to much greater extent than in mitochondria. The cells' response to treatment was analyzed by identification of their death pathways and evaluation of average phase shift dynamics using digital holographic microscopy. The analysis performed on the three cell lines allowed us to evaluate treatment doses specific for each pathway in each line. Among the three lines HeLa cells were found to be the most susceptible to treatment while 3T3 cells the most resistant. The comparison of these results with the data on Radachlorin accumulation, localization and photobleaching rates showed that the observed higher sensitivity of HeLa cells to photodynamic treatment correlated with higher photosensitizer uptake and more intensive photobleaching while lower sensitivity of 3T3 cells correlated with lower uptake and less intensive photobleaching.
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Kustov AV, Morshnev PK, Kukushkina NV, Smirnova NL, Berezin DB, Karimov DR, Shukhto OV, Kustova TV, Belykh DV, Mal’shakova MV, Zorin VP, Zorina TE. Solvation, Cancer Cell Photoinactivation and the Interaction of Chlorin Photosensitizers with a Potential Passive Carrier Non-Ionic Surfactant Tween 80. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105294. [PMID: 35628108 PMCID: PMC9140634 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer and drug-resistant superinfections are common and serious problems afflicting millions worldwide. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a successful and clinically approved modality used for the management of many neoplastic and nonmalignant diseases. The combination of the light-activated molecules, so-called photosensitizers (PSs), with an appropriate carrier, is proved to enhance PDT efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. In this paper, we focus on the solvation of several potential chlorin PSs in the 1-octanol/phosphate saline buffer biphasic system, their interaction with non-ionic surfactant Tween 80 and photoinactivation of cancer cells. The chlorin conjugates containing d-galactose and l-arginine fragments are found to have a much stronger affinity towards a lipid-like environment compared to ionic chlorins and form molecular complexes with Tween 80 micelles in water with two modes of binding. The charged macrocyclic PSs are located in the periphery of surfactant micelles near hydrophilic head groups, whereas the d-galactose and l-arginine conjugates are deeper incorporated into the micelle structure occupying positions around the first carbon atoms of the hydrophobic surfactant residue. Our results indicate that both PSs have a pronounced affinity toward the lipid-like environment, leading to their preferential binding to low-density lipoproteins. This and the conjugation of chlorin e6 with the tumor-targeting molecules are found to enhance their accumulation in cancer cells and PDT efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Kustov
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (P.K.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.L.S.)
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (D.R.K.); (O.V.S.); (T.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (D.B.B.); Tel.: +7-910-999-3789 (A.V.K.)
| | - Philipp K. Morshnev
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (P.K.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.L.S.)
| | - Natal’ya V. Kukushkina
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (P.K.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.L.S.)
| | - Nataliya L. Smirnova
- United Physicochemical Centre of Solutions, G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences (ISC RAS), 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (P.K.M.); (N.V.K.); (N.L.S.)
| | - Dmitry B. Berezin
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (D.R.K.); (O.V.S.); (T.V.K.)
- Correspondence: (A.V.K.); (D.B.B.); Tel.: +7-910-999-3789 (A.V.K.)
| | - Dmitry R. Karimov
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (D.R.K.); (O.V.S.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Olga V. Shukhto
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (D.R.K.); (O.V.S.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Tatyana V. Kustova
- Institute of Macroheterocyclic Compounds, Ivanovo State University of Chemistry and Technology (ISUCT), 153012 Ivanovo, Russia; (D.R.K.); (O.V.S.); (T.V.K.)
| | - Dmitry V. Belykh
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICKSC UB RAS), 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia; (D.V.B.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Marina V. Mal’shakova
- Institute of Chemistry of the Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICKSC UB RAS), 167000 Syktyvkar, Russia; (D.V.B.); (M.V.M.)
| | - Vladimir P. Zorin
- Department of Biophysics, Belarussian State University (BSU), 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (V.P.Z.); (T.E.Z.)
| | - Tatyana E. Zorina
- Department of Biophysics, Belarussian State University (BSU), 220030 Minsk, Belarus; (V.P.Z.); (T.E.Z.)
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Spectroscopic Investigation of Chlorin-Based Photosensitizers in Polymer Matrix. INT J POLYM SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.1155/2021/8842052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorin e6 and its derivatives are the basis of a number of drugs used in medicine in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, by photodynamic therapy. Nonpolar derivatives of Chlorin e6—dimethyl ether of Chlorin e6 (DME Ce6) and trimethyl ether of Chlorin e6 (TME Ce6)—are actively studied for application during photodynamic therapy. In this work, based on the electron optical absorption spectra, the interaction of photosensitizer molecules with branched star-like copolymer dextran-graft-polyacrylamide in anionic form was investigated and the possibility of using the latter as a carrier for drug delivery to tumor cells was suggested.
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