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Sansalone G, Paolo C, Riccardo C, Stephen W, Silvia C, Pasquale R. Trapped in the morphospace: The relationship between morphological integration and functional performance. Evolution 2022; 76:2020-2031. [PMID: 35864587 PMCID: PMC9542761 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of complex morphological structures can be characterized by the interplay between different anatomical regions evolving under functional integration in response to shared selective pressures. Using the highly derived humeral morphology of talpid moles as a model, here we test whether functional performance is linked to increased levels of evolutionary integration between humerus subunits and, if so, what the strength is of the relationship. Combining two-dimensional geometric morphometrics, phylogenetic comparative methods, and functional landscape modeling, we demonstrate that the high biomechanical performance of subterranean moles' humeri is coupled with elevated levels of integration, whereas taxa with low-performance values show intermediate or low integration. Theoretical morphs occurring in high-performance areas of the functional landscape are not occupied by any species, and show a marked drop in covariation levels, suggesting the existence of a strong relationship between integration and performance in the evolution of talpid moles' humeri. We argue that the relative temporal invariance of the subterranean environment may have contributed to stabilize humeral morphology, trapping subterranean moles in a narrow region of the landscape and impeding any attempt to reposition on a new ascending slope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Sansalone
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, Zoology Division, School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia,Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM)National Research CouncilMessina98122Italy
| | - Colangelo Paolo
- Research Institute on Terrestrial EcosystemsNational Research CouncilMontelibretti00015Italy
| | - Castiglia Riccardo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Charles Darwin,”“La Sapienza” University of RomeRoma00161Italy
| | - Wroe Stephen
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, Zoology Division, School of Environmental and Rural ScienceUniversity of New EnglandArmidaleNSW2351Australia
| | - Castiglione Silvia
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and ResourcesUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples80138Italy
| | - Raia Pasquale
- Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and ResourcesUniversità degli Studi di Napoli Federico IINaples80138Italy
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Bannikova AA, Jenkins PD, Solovyeva EN, Pavlova SV, Demidova TB, Simanovsky SA, Sheftel BI, Lebedev VS, Fang Y, Dalen L, Abramov AV. Who are you, Griselda? A replacement name for a new genus of the Asiatic short-tailed shrews (Mammalia, Eulipotyphla, Soricidae): molecular and morphological analyses with the discussion of tribal affinities. Zookeys 2019; 888:133-158. [PMID: 31754323 PMCID: PMC6861342 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.888.37982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The first genetic study of the holotype of the Gansu short-tailed shrew, Blarinella griselda Thomas, 1912, is presented. The mitochondrial analysis demonstrated that the type specimen of B. griselda is close to several recently collected specimens from southern Gansu, northern Sichuan and Shaanxi, which are highly distinct from the two species of Asiatic short-tailed shrews of southern Sichuan, Yunnan, and Vietnam, B. quadraticauda and B. wardi. Our analysis of four nuclear genes supported the placement of B. griselda as sister to B. quadraticauda / B. wardi, with the level of divergence between these two clades corresponding to that among genera of Soricinae. A new generic name, Parablarinella, is proposed for the Gansu short-tailed shrew. Karyotypes of Parablarinella griselda (2n = 49, NFa = 50) and B. quadraticauda (2n = 49, NFa = 62) from southern Gansu are described. The tribal affinities of Blarinellini and Blarinini are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna A. Bannikova
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1/12, Moscow, Russia 2 The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UKLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Paulina D. Jenkins
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Vorobievy Gory, 1/12, Moscow, Russia 2 The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UKLomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Evgeniya N. Solovyeva
- Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University, B. Nikitskaya 6, Moscow, RussiaZoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Svetlana V. Pavlova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Tatiana B. Demidova
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Sergey A. Simanovsky
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Boris I. Sheftel
- A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskii pr. 33, Moscow, RussiaA.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of SciencesMoscowRussia
| | - Vladimir S. Lebedev
- Zoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State University, B. Nikitskaya 6, Moscow, RussiaZoological Museum of Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia
| | - Yun Fang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100101, ChinaInstitute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina
| | - Love Dalen
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics of Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Bioinformatics and Genetics of Swedish Museum of Natural HistoryStockholmSweden
| | - Alexei V. Abramov
- Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab. 1, Saint-Petersburg 199034, RussiaZoological Institute, Russian Academy of SciencesSaint-PetersburgRussia
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Sheftel BI, Bannikova AA, Fang Y, Demidova TB, Alexandrov DY, Lebedev VS, Sun YH. Notes on the Fauna, Systematics, and Ecology of Small Mammals in Southern Gansu, China. BIOL BULL+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359018080150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Ichikawa H, Matsuo T, Higurashi Y, Nagahisa H, Miyata H, Sugiura T, Wada N. Characteristics of Muscle Fiber-Type Distribution in Moles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:1010-1023. [PMID: 30376699 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Moles are a strictly fossorial Soricomorpha species and possess a suite of specialized adaptations to subterranean life. However, the contractile function of skeletal muscles in moles remains unclear. We compared muscle fiber-type distribution in two mole species (the large Japanese mole and lesser Japanese mole) with that in four other Soricomorpha species that are semi-fossorial, terrestrial, or semi-aquatic (the Japanese shrew-mole, house shrew, Japanese white-toothed shrew, and Japanese water shrew). For a single species, the fiber-type distribution in up to 38 muscles was assessed using immunohistochemical staining and/or gel electrophoresis. We found that slow and fatigue-resistant Type I fibers were absent in almost all muscles of all species studied. Although, the two methods of determining the fiber type did not give identical results, they both revealed that fast Type IIb fibers were absent in mole muscles. The fiber-type distribution was similar among different anatomical regions in the moles. This study demonstrated that the skeletal muscles of moles have a homogenous fiber-type distribution compared with that in Soricomorpha species that are not strictly fossorial. Mole muscles are composed of Type IIa fibers alone or a combination of Type IIa and relatively fast Type IIx fibers. The homogenous fiber-type distribution in mole muscles may be an adaptation to structurally simple subterranean environments, where there is no need to support body weight with the limbs, or to move at high speeds to pursue prey or to escape from predators. Anat Rec, 302:1010-1023, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ichikawa
- Division of Basic Veterinary Sciences, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Taiki Matsuo
- Division of Basic Veterinary Sciences, the United Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Yasuo Higurashi
- Laboratory of System Physiology, Division of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nagahisa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Miyata
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Sciences and Technology for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
| | - Takao Sugiura
- Department of Health and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8513, Japan
| | - Naomi Wada
- Laboratory of System Physiology, Division of Basic Veterinary Sciences, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, 1677-1 Yoshida, Yamaguchi, Yamaguchi, 753-8515, Japan
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Influence of Evolutionary Allometry on Rates of Morphological Evolution and Disparity in strictly Subterranean Moles (Talpinae, Talpidae, Lipotyphla, Mammalia). J MAMM EVOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10914-016-9370-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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He K, Shinohara A, Helgen KM, Springer MS, Jiang XL, Campbell KL. Talpid Mole Phylogeny Unites Shrew Moles and Illuminates Overlooked Cryptic Species Diversity. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 34:78-87. [PMID: 27795230 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian family Talpidae (moles, shrew moles, desmans) is characterized by diverse ecomorphologies associated with terrestrial, semi-aquatic, semi-fossorial, fossorial, and aquatic-fossorial lifestyles. Prominent specializations involved with these different lifestyles, and the transitions between them, pose outstanding questions regarding the evolutionary history within the family, not only for living but also for fossil taxa. Here, we investigate the phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and biogeographic history of the family using 19 nuclear and 2 mitochondrial genes (∼16 kb) from ∼60% of described species representing all 17 genera. Our phylogenetic analyses help settle classical questions in the evolution of moles, identify an ancient (mid-Miocene) split within the monotypic genus Scaptonyx, and indicate that talpid species richness may be nearly 30% higher than previously recognized. Our results also uniformly support the monophyly of long-tailed moles with the two shrew mole tribes and confirm that the Gansu mole is the sole living Asian member of an otherwise North American radiation. Finally, we provide evidence that aquatic specializations within the tribes Condylurini and Desmanini evolved along different morphological trajectories, though we were unable to statistically reject monophyly of the strictly fossorial tribes Talpini and Scalopini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai He
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN , Canada
| | - Akio Shinohara
- Department of Bio-resources, Division of Biotechnology, Frontier Science Research Center, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Kristofer M Helgen
- National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC
| | - Mark S Springer
- Department of Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA
| | - Xue-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Kevin L Campbell
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MN , Canada
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