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Okano T, Sato K, Shirai R, Seki T, Shibata K, Yamashita T, Koide A, Tezuka H, Mori Y, Hirano T, Watanabe T. β-Endorphin Mediates the Development and Instability of Atherosclerotic Plaques. Int J Endocrinol 2020; 2020:4139093. [PMID: 32308678 PMCID: PMC7142353 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4139093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Endorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide, and its μ-opioid receptor are expressed in brain, liver, and peripheral tissues. β-Endorphin induces endothelial dysfunction and is related to insulin resistance. We clarified the effects of β-endorphin on atherosclerosis. We assessed the effects of β-endorphin on the inflammatory response and monocyte adhesion in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), foam cell formation, and the inflammatory phenotype in THP-1 monocyte-derived macrophages, and migration and proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) in vitro. We also assessed the effects of β-endorphin on aortic lesions in Apoe -/- mice in vivo. The μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) was expressed in THP-1 monocytes, macrophages, HASMCs, HUVECs, and human aortic endothelial cells. β-Endorphin significantly increased THP-1 monocyte adhesion to HUVECs and induced upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and p38 phosphorylation in HUVECs. β-Endorphin significantly increased HUVEC proliferation and enhanced oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced foam cell formation in macrophages. β-Endorphin also significantly shifted the macrophage phenotype to proinflammatory M1 rather than anti-inflammatory M2 via NF-κB phosphorylation during monocyte-macrophage differentiation and increased migration and apoptosis in association with c-jun-N-terminal kinase, p38, and NF-κB phosphorylation in HASMCs. Chronic β-endorphin infusion into Apoe -/- mice significantly aggravated the development of aortic atherosclerotic lesions, with an increase in vascular inflammation and the intraplaque macrophage/smooth muscle cell ratio, an index of plaque instability. Our study provides the first evidence that β-endorphin contributes to the acceleration of the progression and instability of atheromatous plaques. Thus, μ-opioid receptor antagonists may be useful for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taisuke Okano
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kengo Sato
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Division of Laboratory and Transfusion Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospital, Kita-15 Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8638, Japan
| | - Remina Shirai
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomomi Seki
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Koichiro Shibata
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamashita
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Ayaka Koide
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Hitomi Tezuka
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yusaku Mori
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Hirano
- Division of Diabetes, Metabolism, and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8666, Japan
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ushioda General Hospital/Clinic, Yokohama, Japan
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Luan YH, Wang D, Yu Q, Chai XQ. Action of β-endorphin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and the possible effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on β-endorphin. J Clin Anesth 2017; 37:123-128. [PMID: 28235500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to review research on the effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on β-endorphin. NSAIDs are commonly used as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs. They are well known for inducing peripheral analgesia by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX). However, an increasing number of studies have shown that NSAIDs have an analgesic effect not only in the periphery but also at the center. It means that a central analgesic mechanism of the action of NSAIDs exists besides the peripheral mechanism, and the central mechanism likely involves β-endorphin. β-Endorphin is one of the most prominent endogenous peptides, existing in the hypophysis cerebri and hypothalamus. It plays an irreplaceable role in the central and peripheral analgesia in the human body mainly through three mechanisms including three parts, the spinal cord, the supraspinal cord, and peripheries. β-Endorphin plays an important role in the development of hyperalgesia. However, the specific signal transduction pathways between prostaglandin E2 or NSAIDs and β-endorphin are still not quite clear. Whether NSAIDs can lead to the increased content of β-endorphin in all patients after any operation needs further investigation. Further studies should determine the optimal dose when NSAIDs and opioid drugs are used together, and also explore the existence of one NSAID that has the potential to replace the traditional opioid drugs and can achieve adequate analgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Hang Luan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Qi Yu
- Department of PET CT, the 105th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Hefei 230001, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Chai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China.
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