Dynamic EPR Studies of the Formation of Catalytically Active Centres in Multicomponent Hydrogenation Systems

The formation of catalytically active nano-sized cobalt-containing structures in multicomponent hydrogenation systems based on Co(acac)2 complex and various cocatalysts, namely, AlEt3, AlEt2(OEt), Li-n-Bu, and (PhCH2)MgCl, has been studied for the first time in detail using dynamic EPR spectroscopy. It is shown that after mixing the initial components, paramagnetic structures are formed, which include a fragment containing Co(0) with the electronic configuration 3d9, as well as a fragment bearing an aluminium, lithium, or magnesium atom, depending on the nature of the used cocatalyst. Such bimetallic paramagnetic sites are stabilized by acetylacetonate ligands. In addition, the paramagnetic complex contains the arene molecule(s), and the cobalt atom is bonded with the atom of the corresponding non-transition through the alkyl group of the co-catalyst, in particular through the carbon atom in the α-position with respect to the atom of the non-transition element. Due to the high reactivity of the described intermediates, they, under the conditions of hydrogenation catalysis, are transformed into nano-sized cobalt-containing structures that act as carriers of the catalytically active sites. Furthermore, because of the high reactivity and paramagnetism, such intermediates can be detected only by the EPR technique. The paper describes the whole experimental way of interpreting the EPR signals corresponding to the intermediates, precursors of catalytically active structures. In addition, a possible mathematical model based on the obtained experimental EPR data is presented.

Formation and Functioning of Nickel Bis-(acetylacetonate)-Based Multicomponent Catalytic Systems for Di- and Oligomerization of Ethylene: New Mechanistic Aspects

The paper summarizes new information on the formation and functioning of Ni(acac)2-based multicomponent (Ziegler) systems for oligo- and polymerization of ethylene. It turns out that catalytically active sites formed in these systems are deposited on nickel-containing nanoparticles generated via the interaction of the starting components directly in the reaction system. It is shown that the activity, productivity, and composition of the target products depend on the water content in the initial solvent, all other things being equal. A model of nanosized nickel-containing particles formed during the interaction of Ni(acac)2 and diethylaluminum chloride or ethylaluminum sesquichloride is presented.

Directed design of hydrogenation Ziegler systems

We reported the concept of a directed design of multicomponent catalytic systems of the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons.