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Mokrzycki J, Franus W, Panek R, Sobczyk M, Rusiniak P, Szerement J, Jarosz R, Marcińska-Mazur L, Bajda T, Mierzwa-Hersztek M. Zeolite Composite Materials from Fly Ash: An Assessment of Physicochemical and Adsorption Properties. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2142. [PMID: 36984022 PMCID: PMC10051483 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Waste fly ash, with both low (with the addition of vermiculite) and high contents of unburned coal, were subjected to hydrothermal syntheses aiming to obtain zeolite composite materials-zeolite + vermiculite (NaX-Ver) and zeolite + unburned carbon (NaX-C). The composites were compared with parent zeolite obtained from waste fly ash with a low content of unburned carbon (NaX-FA). In this study, the physicochemical characteristics of the obtained materials were evaluated. The potential application of the investigated zeolites for the adsorption of ammonium ions from aqueous solutions was determined. Composite NaX-Ver and parent zeolite NaX-FA were characterized by comparable adsorption capacities toward ammonium ions of 38.46 and 40.00 mg (NH4+) g-1, respectively. The nearly 2-fold lower adsorption capacity of composite NaX-C (21.05 mg (NH4+) g-1) was probably a result of the lower availability of ion exchange sites within the material. Adsorbents were also regenerated using 1 M NaCl solution at a pH of 10 and subjected to 3 cycles of adsorption-desorption experiments, which proved only a small reduction in adsorption properties. This study follows the current trend of waste utilization (fly ash) and the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions with respect to their reuse, which remains in line with the goals of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Mokrzycki
- Department of Coal Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Energy and Fuels, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Wojciech Franus
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Rafał Panek
- Department of Construction Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Civil Engineering and Architecture Faculty, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Sobczyk
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Piotr Rusiniak
- Department of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Justyna Szerement
- Department of Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry, Maria Curie–Skłodowska University, 3 Maria Curie–Skłodowska Square, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Jarosz
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Lidia Marcińska-Mazur
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Bajda
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
| | - Monika Mierzwa-Hersztek
- Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geology, Geophysics and Environmental Protection, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Cracow, Poland
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 21 Av., 31-120 Cracow, Poland
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Modeling of a Two-Bed Reactor for Low-Temperature Removal of Nitrogen Oxides in Nitric Acid Production. Catalysts 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/catal13030535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, the modeling of the low-temperature catalytic abatement of NOX and N2O from tail gases in a weak nitric acid plant utilizing a single-pressure 0.716 MPa system was performed. A one-reactor concept assumes that in the first bed, NOX is reduced by ammonia on a commercial vanadia–alumina catalyst, and in the second bed, N2O is decomposed on a proprietary nickel–cobalt catalyst. The kinetics of N2O decomposition on a Cs/Ni0.1Co2.9O4 catalyst was experimentally studied in an isothermal flow reactor. The reaction rate constants were determined by varying the residence time and temperature; these data formed the basis for modeling kinetics and heat and mass transport in an adiabatic reactor in which the low-temperature mitigation of nitrogen oxides occurred. Taking into account the given spatial limitations inside the reactor and the allowable temperatures, the layer heights were evaluated to ensure a residual NOX and N2O content of less than 50 ppm. Catalyst loading using layers in a commercial reactor was estimated for the tail-gas flow rates of 46,040–58,670 m3/h. Simulations showed that the optimum inlet temperature was 260 °C; in this case, the NOX and N2O conversion targets were achieved in the range of 46,040–58,670 m3/h while adhering to catalyst bed height and outlet temperature limitations.
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Isupova LA, Kovalenko ON, Andreeva AV, Vedernikov OS, Lamberov AA, Pimerzin AA, Reznichenko ID, Tyschenko VA, Kleimenov AV, Parmon VN. Aluminium Oxide Catalysts and Supports Synthesized by Thermal Activation Technology. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050422020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Isupova LA, Ivanova YA. Effect of the Nature of a Support on the Activity of Catalysts Based on 1% Cs/Me0.1Co2.9O4 (Me = Ni, Mg) in the Low-Temperature N2O Decomposition. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421030134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Different variants for abatement of N2O emission from nitric acid plants with the use of catalysts developed at Łukasiewicz-INS were analyzed. Activity tests on a pilot scale confirmed the high activity of the studied catalysts. A two-stage catalytic abatement of N2O emission in nitric acid plants was proposed: by high-temperature decomposition in the nitrous gases stream (HT-deN2O) and low-temperature decomposition in the tail gas stream (LT-deN2O). The selection of the optimal variant for abatement of N2O emission depends on the individual characteristics of the nitric acid plant: ammonia oxidation parameters, construction of ammonia oxidation reactor and temperature of the tail gas upstream of the expansion turbine. It was shown that the combination of both deN2O technologies, taking into account their technological constraints (dimensions of the catalyst bed), allows for a greater abatement of N2O emission, than the use of only one technology. This solution may be economically advantageous regarding the high prices of CO2 emission allowances.
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