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Wang Y, Zhu J, Fang J, Shen L, Ma S, Zhao Z, Yu W, Jiang W. Diversity, Composition and Functional Inference of Gut Microbiota in Indian Cabbage white Pieris canidia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Life (Basel) 2020; 10:E254. [PMID: 33113860 PMCID: PMC7692319 DOI: 10.3390/life10110254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We characterized the gut microbial composition and relative abundance of gut bacteria in the larvae and adults of Pieris canidia by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The gut microbiota structure was similar across the life stages and sexes. The comparative functional analysis on P. canidia bacterial communities with PICRUSt showed the enrichment of several pathways including those for energy metabolism, immune system, digestive system, xenobiotics biodegradation, transport, cell growth and death. The parameters often used as a proxy of insect fitness (development time, pupation rate, emergence rate, adult survival rate and weight of 5th instars larvae) showed a significant difference between treatment group and untreated group and point to potential fitness advantages with the gut microbiomes in P. canidia. These data provide an overall view of the bacterial community across the life stages and sexes in P. canidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Jianqing Zhu
- Shanghai Zoological Park, 2381 Hongqiao Rd., Shanghai 200335, China;
| | - Jie Fang
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Li Shen
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Shuojia Ma
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Zimiao Zhao
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weidong Yu
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Weibin Jiang
- Laboratory of Environmental Entomology, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd., Shanghai 200234, China; (Y.W.); (J.F.); (L.S.); (S.M.); (Z.Z.); (W.Y.)
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Blondel L, Jones TEM, Extavour CG. Bacterial contribution to genesis of the novel germ line determinant oskar. eLife 2020; 9:e45539. [PMID: 32091394 PMCID: PMC7250577 DOI: 10.7554/elife.45539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New cellular functions and developmental processes can evolve by modifying existing genes or creating novel genes. Novel genes can arise not only via duplication or mutation but also by acquiring foreign DNA, also called horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Here we show that HGT likely contributed to the creation of a novel gene indispensable for reproduction in some insects. Long considered a novel gene with unknown origin, oskar has evolved to fulfil a crucial role in insect germ cell formation. Our analysis of over 100 insect Oskar sequences suggests that oskar arose de novo via fusion of eukaryotic and prokaryotic sequences. This work shows that highly unusual gene origin processes can give rise to novel genes that may facilitate evolution of novel developmental mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leo Blondel
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Tamsin EM Jones
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
| | - Cassandra G Extavour
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridgeUnited States
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Collens A, Kelley E, Katz LA. The concept of the hologenome, an epigenetic phenomenon, challenges aspects of the modern evolutionary synthesis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 332:349-355. [PMID: 31709760 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
John Tyler Bonner's call to re-evaluate evolutionary theory in light of major transitions in life on Earth (e.g., from the first origins of microbial life to the evolution of sex, and the origins of multicellularity) resonate with recent discoveries on epigenetics and the concept of the hologenome. Current studies of genome evolution often mistakenly focus only on the inheritance of DNA between parent and offspring. These are in line with the widely accepted Neo-Darwinian framework that pairs Mendelian genetics with an emphasis on natural selection as explanations for the evolution of biodiversity on Earth. Increasing evidence for widespread symbioses complicates this narrative, as is seen in Scott Gilbert's discussion of the concept of the holobiont in this series: Organisms across the tree of life coexist with substantial influence on one another through endosymbiosis, symbioses, and host-associated microbiomes. The holobiont theory, coupled with observations from molecular studies, also requires us to understand genomes in a new way-by considering the interactions underlain by the genome of a host plus its associated microbes, a conglomerate entity referred to as the hologenome. We argue that the complex patterns of inheritance of these genomes coupled with the influence of symbionts on host gene expression make the concept of the hologenome an epigenetic phenomenon. We further argue that the aspects of the hologenome challenge of the modern evolutionary synthesis, which requires updating to remain consistent with Darwin's intent of providing natural laws that underlie the evolution of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adena Collens
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts
| | - Laura A Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, Massachusetts.,Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts
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