1
|
Du H, Sun T, Liu Y, An S, Xie H, Wang D, Igarashi Y, Imanaka T, Luo F, Ma M. Bacteria and archaea involved in anaerobic mercury methylation and methane oxidation in anaerobic sulfate-rich reactors. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 274:129773. [PMID: 33556662 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The identification of dominant microbes in anaerobic mercury (Hg) methylation, methylmercury (MeHg) demethylation, and methane oxidation as sulfate-reducing bacteria, methanogens or, probably, anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANMEs) is of great interest. To date, however, the interrelationship of bacteria and archaea involved in these processes remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated the dynamics of microorganisms participating in these processes. Anaerobic fixed-bed reactors were operated with swine manure and sludge to produce methane stably, and then, sulfate (reactor C), sulfate and Hg(II) (reactor H), and sulfate and MeHg (reactor M) were added, and the reactors were operated for 120 d, divided equally into four periods, P1-P4. The bacterial compositions changed nonsignificantly, whereas Methanosaeta in reactors H and M decreased significantly, revealing that it was irrelevant for Hg transformation. The abundances of Syntrophomonadaceae, Methanoculleus, Candidatus Methanogranum and Candidatus Methanoplasma increased continuously with time; these species probably functioned in these processes, but further evidence is needed. Desulfocella and Desulfobacterium dominated first but eventually almost vanished, while the dominant archaeal genera Methanogenium, Methanoculleus and Methanocorpusculum were closely related to ANME-1 and ANME-2. PLS-DA results indicated that both bacteria and archaea in different periods in the three reactors were clustered separately, implying that the microbial compositions in the same periods were similar and changed markedly with time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Du
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Siwei An
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haiying Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Yasuo Igarashi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Tadayuki Imanaka
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feng Luo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Ming Ma
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-resource for Bioenergy, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Center of Molecular Ecophysiology (CMEP), College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Singh A, Müller B, Schnürer A. Profiling temporal dynamics of acetogenic communities in anaerobic digesters using next-generation sequencing and T-RFLP. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13298. [PMID: 34168213 PMCID: PMC8225771 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92658-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetogens play a key role in anaerobic degradation of organic material and in maintaining biogas process efficiency. Profiling this community and its temporal changes can help evaluate process stability and function, especially under disturbance/stress conditions, and avoid complete process failure. The formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase (FTHFS) gene can be used as a marker for acetogenic community profiling in diverse environments. In this study, we developed a new high-throughput FTHFS gene sequencing method for acetogenic community profiling and compared it with conventional terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism of the FTHFS gene, 16S rRNA gene-based profiling of the whole bacterial community, and indirect analysis via 16S rRNA profiling of the FTHFS gene-harbouring community. Analyses and method comparisons were made using samples from two laboratory-scale biogas processes, one operated under stable control and one exposed to controlled overloading disturbance. Comparative analysis revealed satisfactory detection of the bacterial community and its changes for all methods, but with some differences in resolution and taxonomic identification. FTHFS gene sequencing was found to be the most suitable and reliable method to study acetogenic communities. These results pave the way for community profiling in various biogas processes and in other environments where the dynamics of acetogenic bacteria have not been well studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhijeet Singh
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Anaerobic Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bettina Müller
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Anaerobic Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Schnürer
- grid.6341.00000 0000 8578 2742Anaerobic Microbiology and Biotechnology Group, Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Almas Allé 5, Box 7025, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng K, Wang Q, Li H, Du X, Zhang Y. Microbial mechanism of enhancing methane production from anaerobic digestion of food waste via phase separation and pH control. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 288:112460. [PMID: 33780819 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phase separation and pH control are commonly used to improve methane production during anaerobic digestion (AD) of food waste, but their influencing mechanisms have not been fully discovered through microbial analysis. In this study, single-phase AD (SPAD), two-phase AD without pH control (TPAD-pHUC), and TPAD with fermentation pH controlled at 6.0 and 4.5 were conducted. The results showed that phase separation decreased the ratio of total bacteria to total archaea in the methanogenic phase. At the organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.9 g/(L·d), methanogenesis was dominated by acetoclastic Methanosaeta in both SPAD and TPAD-pHUC, while elevated Methanoculleus and active hydrogen production initiated a shift from the acetoclastic to hydrogenotrophic pathway in SPAD as OLR increased, eventually resulting in excessive acidification at OLR 3.2 g/(L·d). TPAD-pHUC was dominated by Methanosaeta with scarce hydrogen production genes, and thus maintained a delicate balance between fewer acidogens and methanogens at OLR 3.2-3.7 g/(L·d). TPAD with pH control exhibited higher methane yield (460-482 ml/g) at OLR 1.9 g/(L·d) due to the enhancement of protein degradation and the conversion from methylated compounds to methane by Methanosarcina. High Na+ concentration facilitated the proliferation of hydrogen production bacteria, but inhibited acetoclastic methanogenesis at OLR 2.4 g/(L·d). In comparison with SPAD and pH control, TPAD without pH control, integrating 4 d acidogenesis and 22 d methanogenesis, exhibited the best and steady performance at OLR 3.7 g/(L·d) with methane production exceeding 370 ml/g.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Feng
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Huan Li
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Urban Water Cycle and Environment Safety, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Xinrui Du
- Shenzhen Zhonghuanbohong Environmental Technology Co, Ltd, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yangyang Zhang
- Shenzhen Engineering Research Laboratory for Sludge and Food Waste Treatment and Resource Recovery, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang DM, Teng Q, Zhang D, Jilani G, Ken WM, Yang ZP, Alam T, Ikram M, Iqbal Z. Performance and microbial community dynamics in anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactor and sequencing batch reactor (CSTR-SBR) coupled with magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP)-precipitation for treating swine wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 320:124336. [PMID: 33217692 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The impacts of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate (MAP) precipitation on the performance and microbial dynamics in an anaerobic continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) coupled with sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for swine wastewater treatment were investigated. In CSTR-SBR systems, an overall higher removal efficiency for COD, NH4+ and PO43-as 98.6%, 98.7% and 97.9% was achieved with MAP precipitation, compared to CSTR-SBR without MAP pretreatment (i.e., 97.5, 74.3% and 19.9% for COD, NH4+ and PO43-, respectively). With MAP precipitation, the high C/N ratio of 6.6 after anaerobic CSTR was observed. The increase in the richness and diversity of microbial communities in CSTR with MAP was conducive to nitrogen and phosphorus removal, as well as biogas production. The core community was affiliated with bacterial phyla Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cloacimonetes, and Spirochaetae. The study provide a new insight into the potential application of MAP precipitation as pretreatment for dealing with nutrient recovery from high-strength swine wastewater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Mei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Qing Teng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China.
| | - Ghulam Jilani
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Wei-Ming Ken
- School of Biological and Food Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Zhi-Peng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Pollution Processes and Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China; Guangdong Zhong Lian Xing Environmental Technology Co. Ltd, Guangdong Province 525000, China
| | - Tajwar Alam
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Iqbal
- Institute of Soil Science, PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lopes BC, Figueiredo RS, Araújo JC, Matos AT. Bacterial community dynamics in tropical soil after sewage sludge amendment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2937-2947. [PMID: 33341783 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the widespread use of sewage sludge in developing countries is common, little is known about how sludge disposal can affect the microbial composition and diversity of tropical soils. We evaluated the effects of the sewage sludges of two types of anaerobic digestors differing, by the biological treatment they have undergone (uplow anaerobic sludge blanket and activated sludge digester), and two different disposal methods (surface and incorporated) on tropical soils. Samples were taken from topsoil (0-10 cm) and analyzed by amplifying the 16S rRNA genes to study the microbial community, and physicochemical analysis was performed concomitantly. The results indicated that, in general, sewage sludge amendment (SSA) significantly changed the tropical soil bacterial community by the sludge type and by application method. Moreover, the redundancy analysis diagram indicates that changes in soil chemical parameters over time due to SSA resulted in changes in the bacterial community's composition, increasing the population responsible for recycling nutrients in the soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Lopes
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Raíssa S Figueiredo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Juliana C Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Antonio T Matos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sposob M, Moon HS, Lee D, Kim TH, Yun YM. Comprehensive analysis of the microbial communities and operational parameters of two full-scale anaerobic digestion plants treating food waste in South Korea: Seasonal variation and effect of ammonia. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122975. [PMID: 32512456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There are about ninety full-scale anaerobic digestion (AD) plants in South Korea that treat food waste (FW); however, the key diff ;erences in the microbial communities in different seasons and the effects of ammonia in AD remain poorly understood. In this study, the seasonal changes in microbial communities associated with operational parameters of two full-scale ADs (C and W plants) treating FW were analyzed. The organic loading rate (OLR) variability had an influence on the seasonal CH4 yield; the W plant had a lower CH4 yield with an unstable AD performance while the C plant had a higher CH4 yield with a stable AD performance. It was mainly due to the substantially different NH4+ concentration; the W plant had a NH4+ concentration nearly 1.6 times higher compared to the C plant. The high NH4+ presence in the W plant led to the dominance of class Clostridia, and methanogenesis was mostly done by hydrogenotrophs (Methanomassiliicoccus luminyensis). Additionally, the members belonging to Clostridia and Bacteroidia were found at both plants in each season (share ≥0.5%) implying their indispensable role during the anaerobic digestion of FW.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Sposob
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sung Moon
- Waste-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Lee
- Waste-Energy Research Division, Environmental Resources Research Department, National Institute of Environmental Research, Environmental Research Complex, Incheon, 22689, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo-Myeong Yun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungbuk National University, 1 Chungdae-ro, Seowon-Gu, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu T, Schnürer A, Björkmalm J, Willquist K, Kreuger E. Diversity and Abundance of Microbial Communities in UASB Reactors during Methane Production from Hydrolyzed Wheat Straw and Lucerne. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1394. [PMID: 32932830 PMCID: PMC7565072 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of straw for biofuel production is encouraged by the European Union. A previous study showed the feasibility of producing biomethane in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors using hydrolyzed, steam-pretreated wheat straw, before and after dark fermentation with Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus, and lucerne. This study provides information on overall microbial community development in those UASB processes and changes related to acidification. The bacterial and archaeal community in granular samples was analyzed using high-throughput amplicon sequencing. Anaerobic digestion model no. 1 (ADM1) was used to predict the abundance of microbial functional groups. The sequencing results showed decreased richness and diversity in the microbial community, and decreased relative abundance of bacteria in relation to archaea, after process acidification. Canonical correspondence analysis showed significant negative correlations between the concentration of organic acids and three phyla, and positive correlations with seven phyla. Organic loading rate and total COD fed also showed significant correlations with microbial community structure, which changed over time. ADM1 predicted a decrease in acetate degraders after a decrease to pH ≤ 6.5. Acidification had a sustained effect on the microbial community and process performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala BioCenter, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Anna Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala BioCenter, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Johanna Björkmalm
- RISE, Forskningsbyn Ideon Scheelevägen 27, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; (J.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Karin Willquist
- RISE, Forskningsbyn Ideon Scheelevägen 27, 223 70 Lund, Sweden; (J.B.); (K.W.)
| | - Emma Kreuger
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Westerholm M, Liu T, Schnürer A. Comparative study of industrial-scale high-solid biogas production from food waste: Process operation and microbiology. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 304:122981. [PMID: 32088624 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic high-solid treatment (HST) for processing food waste and biogas production is a viable technology with considerable commercial potential. In this study, we examined and compared mesophilic and thermophilic industrial-scale plug-flow digesters. The HSTs demonstrated reasonable biogas yields from food waste (0.4-0.6 Nm3 CH4/kg volatile solids). However, during operation at thermophilic conditions ammonia inhibition (~2 g NH3-N/L) and acid accumulation (6-14 g/L) caused severe process disturbance. Microbial community structures diverged between the processes, with temperature appearing to be a strong driver. A unique feature of the thermophilic HSTs was high abundance of the uncultivated Clostridia group MBA03 and temperature fluctuations in one mesophilic HST were linked to drastically decreased abundance of methanogens and relative abundance of Cloacimonetes. The process data obtained in this study clearly demonstrate both potential and challenges in HST of food waste but also possibilities for management approaches to tackle process imbalance and restore process function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Westerholm
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - T Liu
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A Schnürer
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Box 7025, SE-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden; Biogas Research Center, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Thematic Studies Environmental Change, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
The Potential Application of Microorganisms for Sustainable Petroleum Recovery from Heavy Oil Reservoirs. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) technique was tested at low-temperature heavy oil reservoirs (Russia). The bioaugmentation approach used is based on the introduction of hydrocarbon-oxidizing bacteria into the oilfield in combination with an injection of oxygen as a H2O2 solution in order to initiate the first stage of hydrocarbon oxidation and of (NH4)2HPO4 as a source of biogenic elements. Before the pilot trials, the microorganisms of petroleum reservoirs were investigated by high-throughput sequencing, as well as by culture-base and radioisotope techniques. Molecular studies revealed the differences in microbial composition of the carbonate and terrigenous oil reservoirs and the communities of injection and formation water. Aerobic bacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis HO-KS22 and Gordonia amicalis 6-1 isolated from oilfields oxidized oil and produced biosurfactants. Fermentative enrichment and pure cultures produced considerable amounts of low fatty acids and alcohols from sacchariferous substrates. In core-flooding tests, 43.0–53.5% of additional heavy oil was displaced by aerobic bacteria, producing biosurfactants, and 13.4–45.5% of oil was displaced by fermentative bacteria, producing low fatty acids, alcohols, and gas. A total of 1250 t additional oil was recovered as a result of the application of an MEOR technique at the Cheremukhovskoe heavy oil reservoir and Vostochno-Anzirskoe reservoir with light conventional oil.
Collapse
|
10
|
Trabue SL, Kerr BJ, Scoggin KD. Swine diets impact manure characteristics and gas emissions: Part II sulfur source. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 689:1115-1124. [PMID: 31466151 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is a key nutrient in swine diets and is associated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions, odor, and respiratory distress of animals. Due to potential increases in S levels in swine diets by using alternative feedstuffs, a feeding trial study was conducted to determine the effect of dietary S source has on manure slurry chemical properties and gas emissions. A total of 24 gilts averaging 139 kg BW were fed a control diet formulated with corn and soybean meal (CSBM) containing 1.80 g S kg-1 or diets containing 3.50 g S kg-1 feed as supplied by calcium sulfate (CaSO4), distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), or feather meal (CFM). Diets were fed for 41 d with an ADFI of 2.70 kg/d. Feces and urine were collected twice daily after each feeding and added to the manure storage containers. At the end of the study, manure slurries were monitored for gas emissions and chemical properties. Dietary S source had a significant effect on excretion of DM, C, N, and S in manure. Pigs fed the diets containing DDGS had significantly higher levels of NH3, VFAs, and phenols in manure compared to pigs fed the CSBM diet. Pigs fed diets with organic S (i.e., DDGS and CFM) had lower emissions of H2S compared to pigs fed the diet with inorganic sulfur (CaSO4). In contrast, there were no significant differences in C or N emissions as affected by dietary treatment. Odor and odorant emissions differed by dietary treatment, with pigs fed the CFM diet having the highest odor emissions as compared to pigs fed the control CSBM diet. Pigs fed diets containing CFM and DDGS had a greater percentage of their chemical odor associated with volatile organic compounds while animals fed the CSBM diet or the diet with CaSO4 had greater percentage associated with H2S emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Trabue
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America.
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - K D Scoggin
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Trabue SL, Kerr BJ, Scoggin KD. Swine diets impact manure characteristics and gas emissions: Part I sulfur level. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:800-807. [PMID: 31412483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur is an essential nutrient for animal growth but is also associated with odor and morbidity of animals from swine operations. A study was conducted to determine the effects of increasing dietary S levels in swine diets on DM, pH, C, N, S, VFA, indole, and phenol concentrations in the manure, and on the emissions of C-, N-, and S-containing gases. A total of 24 gilts averaging 152 kg BW were fed diets containing 0.19, 0.30, 0.43, or 0.64% dietary S, as supplied by CaSO4, for 31 d, with an ADFI of 3.034 kg d-1. Feces and urine were collected after each feeding and added to manure storage containers. At the end of the study, manure slurries were monitored for gas emissions and chemical properties. Increasing dietary S lowered manure pH by 0.3 units and increased DM, N, and S by 10% for each 1.0 g S increase kg-1 feed intake. Increased dietary S increased NH3, sulfide, butanoic, and pentanoic acid concentrations in manure. Carbon and N emissions were not significantly impacted by dietary S, but S emissions in the form of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) increased by 8% for each 1.0 g S increase kg-1 feed intake. Odor increased by 2% for each 1.0 g increase of S consumed kg-1 feed intake. Phenolic compounds and H2S were the major odorants emitted from manure that increased with increasing dietary S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Trabue
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America.
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| | - K D Scoggin
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA 50011, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Demkina EV, Doroshenko EV, Babich TL, Mironov VV, Borisov AV, Demkina TS, El’-Registan GI. Buried Soils as a New Source for Isolation of Biotechnologically Significant Bacterial Strains. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261719050059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
|