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Nokhsorov VV, Senik SV, Sofronova VE, Kotlova ER, Misharev AD, Chirikova NK, Dudareva LV. Role of Lipids of the Evergreen Shrub Ephedra monosperma in Adaptation to Low Temperature in the Cryolithozone. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:15. [PMID: 36616144 PMCID: PMC9823733 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are the fundamental components of cell membranes and they play a significant role in their integrity and fluidity. The alteration in lipid composition of membranes has been reported to be a major response to abiotic environmental stresses. Seasonal dynamics of membrane lipids in the shoots of Ephedra monosperma J.G. Gmel. ex C.A. Mey. growing in natural conditions of permafrost ecosystems was studied using HPTLC, GC-MS and ESI-MS. An important role of lipid metabolism was established during the autumn-winter period when the shoots of the evergreen shrub were exposed to low positive (3.6 °C), negative (-8.3 °C) and extremely low temperatures (-38.4 °C). Maximum accumulation of phosphatidic acid (PA), the amount of which is times times greater than the sum of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (PC + PE) was noted in shoots of E. monosperma in the summer-autumn period. The autumn hardening period (3.6 °C) is accompanied by active biosynthesis and accumulation of membrane lipids, a decrease of saturated 34:1 PCs, 34:1 PEs and 34:1 PAs, and an increase in unsaturated long-chain 38:5 PEs, 38:6 PEs, indicating that the adaptation of E. monosperma occurs not at the level of lipid classes but at the level of molecular species. At a further decrease of average daily air temperature in October (-8.3 °C) a sharp decline of PA level was registered. At an extreme reduction of environmental temperature (-38.4 °C) the content of non-bilayer PE and PA increases, the level of unsaturated fatty acids (FA) rises due to the increase of C18:2(Δ9,12) and C18:3(Δ9,12,15) acids and the decrease of C16:0 acids. It is concluded that changes in lipid metabolism reflect structural and functional reorganization of cell membranes and are an integral component of the complex process of plant hardening to low temperatures, which contributes to the survival of E. monosperma monocotyledonous plants in the extreme conditions of the Yakutia cryolithozone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy V. Nokhsorov
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Lenina Av., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Senik
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Professor Popov str., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valentina E. Sofronova
- Institute for Biological Problems of Cryolithozone, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 41 Lenina Av., 677000 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Ekaterina R. Kotlova
- Komarov Botanical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2 Professor Popov str., 197376 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Misharev
- Chemical Analysis and Materials Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nadezhda K. Chirikova
- Institute of Natural Science, North-Eastern Federal University, 58 Belinsky str., 677027 Yakutsk, Russia
| | - Lyubov V. Dudareva
- Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 132 Lermontova str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Quijada L, Matočec N, Kušan I, Tanney JB, Johnston PR, Mešić A, Pfister DH. Apothecial Ancestry, Evolution, and Re-Evolution in Thelebolales (Leotiomycetes, Fungi). BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11040583. [PMID: 35453781 PMCID: PMC9026407 DOI: 10.3390/biology11040583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Leotiomycetes is one of the most speciose classes of the phylum Ascomycota (Fungi). Its species are mainly apothecioid, paraphysate, and possess active ascospore discharge. Thelebolales are a distinctive order of the Leotiomycetes class whose members have mostly closed ascomata, evanescent asci, and thus passively dispersed ascospores. Within the order, a great diversity of peridia have evolved as adaptations to different dispersal strategies. The genus Thelebolus is an exceptional case of ascomatal evolution within the order. Its species are the most diverse in functional traits, encompassing species with closed ascomata and evanescent asci, and species with open ascomata, active ascospore discharge, and paraphyses. Open ascomata were previously suggested as the ancestral state in the genus, these ascomata depend on mammals and birds as dispersal agents. In our work, we used morphological and phylogenetic methods, as well as the reconstruction of ancestral traits for ascomatal type, asci dehiscence, the presence or absence of paraphyses, and ascospore features to explore evolution within Thelebolales. We demonstrate the apothecial ancestry in Thelebolales and propose a new hypothesis about the evolution of the open ascomata in Thelebolus involving a process of re-evolution where the active dispersal of ascospores appears independently twice within the order. A new family, Holwayaceae, is proposed within Thelebolales, comprising three genera: Holwaya, Patinella, and Ramgea. Abstract Closed cleistothecia-like ascomata have repeatedly evolved in non-related perithecioid and apothecioid lineages of lichenized and non-lichenized Ascomycota. The evolution of a closed, darkly pigmented ascoma that protects asci and ascospores is conceived as either an adaptation to harsh environmental conditions or a specialized dispersal strategy. Species with closed ascomata have mostly lost sterile hymenial elements (paraphyses) and the capacity to actively discharge ascospores. The class Leotiomycetes, one of the most speciose classes of Ascomycota, is mainly apothecioid, paraphysate, and possesses active ascospore discharge. Lineages with closed ascomata, and their morphological variants, have evolved independently in several families, such as Erysiphaceae, Myxotrichaceae, Rutstroemiaceae, etc. Thelebolales is a distinctive order in the Leotiomycetes class. It has two widespread families (Thelebolaceae, Pseudeurotiaceae) with mostly closed ascomata, evanescent asci, and thus passively dispersed ascospores. Within the order, closed ascomata dominate and a great diversity of peridia have evolved as adaptations to different dispersal strategies. The type genus, Thelebolus, is an exceptional case of ascomatal evolution within the order. Its species are the most diverse in functional traits, encompassing species with closed ascomata and evanescent asci, and species with open ascomata, active ascospore discharge, and paraphyses. Open ascomata were previously suggested as the ancestral state in the genus, these ascomata depend on mammals and birds as dispersal agents. In this scheme, species with closed ascomata, a lack of paraphyses, and passive ascospore discharge exhibit derived traits that evolved in adaptation to cold ecosystems. Here, we used morphological and phylogenetic methods, as well as the reconstruction of ancestral traits for ascomatal type, asci dehiscence, the presence or absence of paraphyses, and ascospore features to explore evolution within Thelebolales. We demonstrate the apothecial ancestry in Thelebolales and propose a new hypothesis about the evolution of the open ascomata in Thelebolus, involving a process of re-evolution where the active dispersal of ascospores appears independently twice within the order. We propose a new family, Holwayaceae, within Thelebolales, that retains the phenotypic features exhibited by species of Thelebolus, i.e., pigmented capitate paraphyses and active asci discharge with an opening limitation ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Quijada
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, The Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (I.K.)
| | - Neven Matočec
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Ivana Kušan
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: (L.Q.); (I.K.)
| | - Joey B. Tanney
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road, Victoria, BC V8Z 1M5, Canada;
| | - Peter R. Johnston
- Manaaki Whenua Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland 1072, New Zealand;
| | - Armin Mešić
- Laboratory for Biological Diversity, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (N.M.); (A.M.)
| | - Donald H. Pfister
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, The Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA;
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Tanney JB, Quijada L. Comments on the occurrence of yeast-like morphologies in Leotiomycetes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34818146 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.005141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joey B Tanney
- Pacific Forestry Centre, Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, 506 Burnside Road, Victoria, British Columbia, V8Z 1M5, Canada
| | - Luis Quijada
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology & The Farlow Reference Library and Herbarium of Cryptogamic Botany, Harvard University, 20 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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Roodi D, Millner JP, McGill CR, Johnson RD, Hea SY, Brookes JJ, Glare TR, Card SD. Development of Plant-Fungal Endophyte Associations to Suppress Phoma Stem Canker in Brassica. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112387. [PMID: 34835512 PMCID: PMC8620040 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytic microorganisms are found within the tissues of many plants species, with some conferring several benefits to the host plant including resistance to plant diseases. In this study, two putative endophytic fungi that were previously isolated from wild seeds of Brassica, identified as Beauveria bassiana and Pseudogymnoascus pannorum, were inoculated into cultivars of three Brassica species—Brassica napus, Br. rapa and Br. oleracea. Both fungal endophytes were reisolated from above- and below-ground tissues of inoculated plants at four different plant-growth stages, including cotyledon, one-leaf, two-leaf, and four-leaf stages. None of the plants colonised by these fungi exhibited any obvious disease symptoms, indicating the formation of novel mutualistic associations. These novel plant–endophyte associations formed between Brassica plants and Be. bassiana significantly inhibited phoma stem canker, a devastating disease of Brassica crops worldwide, caused by the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. The novel association formed with P. pannorum significantly suppressed the amount of disease caused by L. maculans in one out of two experiments. Although biological control is not a new strategy, endophytic fungi with both antiinsect and antifungal activity are a highly conceivable, sustainable option to manage pests and diseases of economically important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Roodi
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (D.R.); (R.D.J.)
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.P.M.); (C.R.M.)
- Khorasan Razavi Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Mashhad 91769-83641, Iran
| | - James P. Millner
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.P.M.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Craig R. McGill
- School of Agriculture & Environment, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (J.P.M.); (C.R.M.)
| | - Richard D. Johnson
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (D.R.); (R.D.J.)
| | - Shen-Yan Hea
- Digital Agriculture, AgResearch Limited, Invermay Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand;
| | - Jenny J. Brookes
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (J.J.B.); (T.R.G.)
| | - Travis R. Glare
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, P.O. Box 85084, Lincoln University, Lincoln 7647, New Zealand; (J.J.B.); (T.R.G.)
| | - Stuart D. Card
- Resilient Agriculture, AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4410, New Zealand; (D.R.); (R.D.J.)
- Correspondence:
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Diversity, distribution, and xerophilic tolerance of cultivable fungi associated with the Antarctic angiosperms. Polar Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-021-02799-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ospanova A, Anuarova L, Shapalov S, Gabdulkhayeva B, Kabieva S, Baidalinova B, Maui A. Fungal pathogens found in tissues of herbaceous plants growing in the Yereymentau District, Akmola region. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:55-63. [PMID: 33424283 PMCID: PMC7783645 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The biocontrol programs that are currently developed focus on specific microorganisms that live in plant tissues, also known as the endophytes. This article discusses pathogenic micromycete species that infected herbaceous plants growing in the Yereymentau District, Akmola Region. Four fungi species were detected that belong to the same genus. Information about the species composition and a brief description of each fungus were provided. The seasonal behavior of rust fungi was investigated. As it turned out, rust fungi tend to go through the uredinium phase in July and to produce teliospores in September. The research population includes the most common species of rust fungi. This article was first to identify phytopathogenic fungi that attack herbaceous plants in the Yereymentau District and their seasonal behavior. The findings may contribute towards expanding the global fungal database with information about fungal diseases specific to the given region and towards combat against a variety of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainagul Ospanova
- Department of Agriculture and Bioresources, Innovative University of Eurasia, Lomova str. 64, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan
| | - Lyailya Anuarova
- Department of Biology, Kazakh National Womens Teacher Training University, Ayteke bi str., 99, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
| | - Shermakhan Shapalov
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Silkway International University, Tokaeva str., 27 a, Shymkent 160000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bakytzhamal Gabdulkhayeva
- Department of General Biology, Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Mira str., 60, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan
| | - Saltanat Kabieva
- Department of General Biology, Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Mira str., 60, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan
| | - Bibenur Baidalinova
- Department of General Biology, Pavlodar State Pedagogical University, Mira str., 60, Pavlodar 140000, Kazakhstan
| | - Adilkan Maui
- Department of Biology, Kazakh National Womens Teacher Training University, Ayteke bi str., 99, Almaty 050000, Kazakhstan
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Bioactive Secondary Metabolites from Psychrophilic Fungi and Their Industrial Importance. Fungal Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-85603-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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de Menezes GCA, Porto BA, Amorim SS, Zani CL, de Almeida Alves TM, Junior PAS, Murta SMF, Simões JC, Cota BB, Rosa CA, Rosa LH. Fungi in glacial ice of Antarctica: diversity, distribution and bioprospecting of bioactive compounds. Extremophiles 2020; 24:367-376. [PMID: 32157393 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-020-01161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We identified cultivable fungi present in the glacial ice fragments collected in nine sites across Antarctica Peninsula and assessed their abilities to produce bioactive compounds. Three ice fragments with approximately 20 kg were collected, melted and 3 L filtered through of 0.45 µm sterilized membranes, which were placed on the media Sabouraud agar and minimal medium incubated at 10 °C. We collected 66 isolates classified into 27 taxa of 14 genera. Penicillium palitans, Penicillium sp. 1, Thelebolus balaustiformis, Glaciozyma antarctica, Penicillium sp. 7, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, and Rhodotorula dairenensis had the highest frequencies. The diversity and richness of the fungal community were high with moderate dominance. Penicillium species were present in all samples, with Penicillium chrysogenum showing the broadest distribution. P. chrysogenum, P. palitans, and Penicillium spp. had trypanocidal, leishmanicidal, and herbicidal activities, with P. chrysogenum having the broadest and highest capability. 1H NMR signals revealed the presence of highly functionalized secondary metabolites in the bioactive extracts. Despite extreme environmental conditions, glacial ice harbours a diverse fungal community, including species never before recorded in the Arctic and Antarctica. Among them, Penicillium taxa may represent wild fungal strains with genetic and biochemical pathways that may produce new secondary bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciéle Cunha Alves de Menezes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Alves Porto
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Soraya Sander Amorim
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jefferson Cardia Simões
- Centro Polar e Climático, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Augusto Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz Henrique Rosa
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP 31270-901, Brazil.
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Sokornova S, Gomzhina M, Gasich E, Merkoulov I, Aman D, Frolova G, Radaev A, Berestetskiy A. Wintering ability of Calophoma complanata under the conditions of Saint Petersburg area. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20201800027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant hogweed is one of the most widespread invasive alien species of the Baltic region. The pycnidial fungus, Calophoma complanata is being evaluated as a potential bioherbicide for control of Heracleum sosnowskyi. The aim of this work is to evaluate an ability of the potential mycoherbicide C. complanata MF-32.121 to overwinter in the conditions of Saint Petersburg area. Plants inoculated by C. complanata MF-32.121 successfully survives wintering in the conditions of Saint Petersburg area. Pearl barley covered by C. complanata MF-32.121 mycelium successfully survives wintering in the same conditions as well. When favorable conditions have arisen, the C. complanata MF-32.121 mycelium is capable to infecting young giant hogweed. Moreover, it was revealed that a change in the biochemical composition, namely, an increase in the level of trehalose, contributes to the manifestation of a greater tolerance of C. complanata MF-32.121 mycelium to temperature-humidity conditions.
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