Tkachev VO, Menshchikova EB, Zenkov NK. Mechanism of the Nrf2/Keap1/ARE signaling system.
BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2011;
76:407-22. [PMID:
21585316 DOI:
10.1134/s0006297911040031]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nrf2 regulates expression of genes containing antioxidant-respons(iv)e element (ARE) in their promoters and plays a pivotal role among all redox-sensitive transcription factors. Nrf2 is constitutively controlled by repressor protein Keap1, which acts as a molecular sensor of disturbances in cellular homeostasis. These molecular patterns are in close interconnection and function as parts of the integrated redox-sensitive signaling system Nrf2/Keap1/ARE. Depending on cellular redox balance, activity of this signaling system changes at the levels of transcription, translation, posttranslational modification, nuclear translocation of transcription factor, and its binding to ARE-driven gene promoters. This review summarizes current conceptions of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE induction and inactivation.
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