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Shu J, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Ding Y, Zhang Q, Gao W, Liu G, Yang Y. High-Performance Na-CH 3ONa/γ-Al 2O 3 Catalysts for High-Efficiency Conversion of Phenols to Ethers. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10985-10993. [PMID: 35415319 PMCID: PMC8991913 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An efficient alkaline catalyst with a porous structure (Na-CH3ONa/γ-Al2O3) was prepared by the melting method. The wastewater from the semicoke plant (WWSCP) was extracted multiple times with isometric dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-cyclohexane mixed solvent at room temperature to obtain an organic phase (OP) with a high concentration of phenols. Ether (OPCP) was obtained by catalytic conversion of OP over catalyst Na-CH3ONa/γ-Al2O3 at 210 °C and with a reaction time of 2.5 h. Both OP and OPCP were analyzed with a gas chromatograph/mass spectrometer (GC/MS) and a quadrupole Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer (QPEOTMS). The results showed that only DMC, phenol, o-cresol, and other monohydric phenols were detected in OP, and only other saturated ethers such as anisole and O-methylanisole were detected in OPCP. Through the study of the catalytic conversion of the WWSCP-related model compound, it was found that Na-CH3ONa/γ-Al2O3 could effectively activate (deprotonate) phenol into phenate, and the strong nucleophilic oxyanion of phenate would attack the methyl carbon and carbonyl carbon on DMC to obtain methyl and methoxy groups. Thereby, phenate can be combined with methyl and methoxy groups to acquire the product anisole. In addition, the catalyst Na-CH3ONa/γ-Al2O3 was found to still have high catalytic activity after 10 repeated cycles. It was speculated that this was related to the abundant microporous and mesoporous structure of the catalyst Na-CH3ONa/γ-Al2O3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junzheng Shu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin
University, Yulin Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
Greening, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zeyu Wang
- Hualu
Engineering & Technology Co., Ltd, Xi’an, 710065 Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhifang Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin
University, Yulin Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
Greening, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yichun Ding
- Fujian
Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, 350002 Fujian, China
| | - Qinlong Zhang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin
University, Yulin Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
Greening, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenwen Gao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin
University, Yulin Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
Greening, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Guilin Liu
- National
Coal and Salt Chemical Products Quality Supervision and Inspection
Center, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi, China
| | - Yonglin Yang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yulin
University, Yulin Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process
Greening, Yulin, 719000 Shaanxi, China
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