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Depuydt S, Van der Bruggen B. Green Synthesis of Cation Exchange Membranes: A Review. MEMBRANES 2024; 14:23. [PMID: 38248713 PMCID: PMC10819081 DOI: 10.3390/membranes14010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cation exchange membranes (CEMs) play a significant role in the transition to a more sustainable/green society. They are important components for applications such as water electrolysis, artificial photosynthesis, electrodialysis and fuel cells. Their synthesis, however, is far from being sustainable, affecting safety, health and the environment. This review discusses and evaluates the possibilities of synthesizing CEMs that are more sustainable and green. First, the concepts of green and sustainable chemistry are discussed. Subsequently, this review discusses the fabrication of conventional perfluorinated CEMs and how they violate the green/sustainability principles, eventually leading to environmental and health incidents. Furthermore, the synthesis of green CEMs is presented by dividing the synthesis into three parts: sulfonation, material selection and solvent selection. Innovations in using gaseous SO3 or gas-liquid interfacial plasma technology can make the sulfonation process more sustainable. Regarding the selection of polymers, chitosan, cellulose, polylactic acid, alginate, carrageenan and cellulose are promising alternatives to fossil fuel-based polymers. Finally, water is the most sustainable solvent and many biopolymers are soluble in it. For other polymers, there are a limited number of studies using green solvents. Promising solvents are found back in other membrane, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, Cyrene™, Rhodiasolv® PolarClean, TamiSolve NxG and γ-valerolactone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bart Van der Bruggen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium;
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Loza N, Falina I, Kutenko N, Shkirskaya S, Loza J, Kononenko N. Bilayer Heterogeneous Cation Exchange Membrane with Polyaniline Modified Homogeneous Layer: Preparation and Electrotransport Properties. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:829. [PMID: 37888001 PMCID: PMC10608705 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
A bilayer membrane based on a heterogenous cation exchange membrane with a homogeneous cation exchange layer and a polyaniline on its surface is prepared. The intercalation of polyaniline into the membrane with a homogeneous cation exchange layer is performed by oxidative polymerization of aniline. The influence of the homogeneous cation exchange layer and the polyaniline on the structure, conductivity, diffusion permeability, selectivity, and current-voltage curve of the heterogeneous cation exchange membrane is established. Membrane properties are studied in the HCl, NaCl, and CaCl2 solutions. The homogeneous cation exchange layer has a negligible effect on the transport properties of the initial heterogeneous membrane. The polyaniline synthesis leads to a decrease in the macropore volume in the membrane structure, conductivity, and diffusion permeability. The counterion transport number in the bilayer membrane is significantly reduced in a solution of calcium chloride and practically does not change in sodium chloride and hydrochloric acid. In addition, the asymmetry of the diffusion permeability and shape of current-voltage curve depending on the orientation of the membrane surface to the flux of electrolyte or counterion are found.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Irina Falina
- Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and High Technologies, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia; (N.L.); (N.K.); (S.S.); (J.L.); (N.K.)
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3
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Sreenath S, Sreelatha NP, Pawar CM, Dave V, Bhatt B, Borle NG, Nagarale RK. Proton Conducting Organic-Inorganic Composite Membranes for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:574. [PMID: 37367778 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13060574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The quest for a cost-effective, chemically-inert, robust and proton conducting membrane for flow batteries is at its paramount. Perfluorinated membranes suffer severe electrolyte diffusion, whereas conductivity and dimensional stability in engineered thermoplastics depend on the degree of functionalization. Herein, we report surface-modified thermally crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol-silica (PVA-SiO2) membranes for the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). Hygroscopic, proton-storing metal oxides such as SiO2, ZrO2 and SnO2 were coated on the membranes via the acid-catalyzed sol-gel strategy. The membranes of PVA-SiO2-Si, PVA-SiO2-Zr and PVA-SiO2-Sn demonstrated excellent oxidative stability in 2 M H2SO4 containing 1.5 M VO2+ ions. The metal oxide layer had good influence on conductivity and zeta potential values. The observed trend for conductivity and zeta potential values was PVA-SiO2-Sn > PVA-SiO2-Si > PVA-SiO2-Zr. In VRFB, the membranes showcased higher Coulombic efficiency than Nafion-117 and stable energy efficiencies over 200 cycles at the 100 mA cm-2 current density. The order of average capacity decay per cycle was PVA-SiO2-Zr < PVA-SiO2-Sn < PVA-SiO2-Si < Nafion-117. PVA-SiO2-Sn had the highest power density of 260 mW cm-2, while the self-discharge for PVA-SiO2-Zr was ~3 times higher than Nafion-117. VRFB performance reflects the potential of the facile surface modification technique to design advanced membranes for energy device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooraj Sreenath
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Nayanthara P Sreelatha
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Chetan M Pawar
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Vidhiben Dave
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Bhavana Bhatt
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Nitin G Borle
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
| | - Rajaram Krishna Nagarale
- Electro Membrane Processes Laboratory, Membrane Science and Separation Technology Division, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar 364002, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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Kudashova DS, Falina IV, Kononenko NA, Demidenko KS. Physicochemical Properties and Performance Characteristics of Perfluorinated Membranes Bulk Modified with Platinum during Operation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751623010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
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Veerman J. Concepts and Misconceptions Concerning the Influence of Divalent Ions on the Performance of Reverse Electrodialysis Using Natural Waters. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:69. [PMID: 36676877 PMCID: PMC9863958 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Divalent ions have a negative effect on the obtained power and efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis (RED) process when using natural waters. These effects can largely be attributed to the interaction between the various ions and the membranes, resulting in a decreased membrane voltage, an increased membrane resistance, and uphill transport of divalent ions. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of these differences and, if possible, to find underlying causes. The approach mainly followed that in literature articles that specifically focused on the effect of divalent ions on RED. It transpired that seven publications were useful because the methodology was well described and sufficient data was published. I found two widely shared misconceptions. The first concerns the role of the stack voltage in uphill transport of divalent ions; itis often thought that the open circuit voltage (OCV) must be taken into account, but it is plausible that the voltage under working conditions is the critical factor. The second debatable point concerns the methodology used to make a series of solutions to study the effect of divalent ions. Typically, solutions with a constant number of moles of salt are used; however, it is better to make a series with a constant ratio of equivalents of those salts. Moreover, it is plausible that the decreased voltage can be explained by the inherently lower Donnan potential of multi-charged ions and that increased resistance is caused by the fact that divalent ions-with a lower mobility there than the monovalent ions-occupy relatively much of the available space in the gel phase of the membrane. While both resistance and voltage play a decisive role in RED and probably also in other membrane processes like electrodialysis (ED), it is remarkable that there are so few publications that focus on measurements on individual membranes. The implications of these results is that research on the effect of divalent ions in RED, ED and similar processes needs to be more structured in the future. Relatively simple procedures can be developed for the determination of membrane resistance in solutions of mixtures of mono- and divalent salts. The same applies to determining the membrane potential. The challenge is to arrive at a standard method for equipment, methodology, and the composition of the test solutions.
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Bushkova OV, Sanginov EA, Chernyuk SD, Kayumov RR, Shmygleva LV, Dobrovolsky YA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Polymer Electrolytes Based on the Lithium Form of Nafion Sulfonic Cation-Exchange Membranes: Current State of Research and Prospects for Use in Electrochemical Power Sources. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751622070010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Zhao Y, Duan L. Research on Measuring Pure Membrane Electrical Resistance under the Effects of Salinity Gradients and Diffusion Boundary Layer and Double Layer Resistances. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12080816. [PMID: 36005731 PMCID: PMC9412548 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Forward osmosis membranes are an emerging technology with great potential applicability in energy-efficient wastewater treatments and the differentiation between two solutions. Such solutions often differ in their concentrations or compositions. In this study, the membrane electrical resistances of three different membranes, including cation or anion-exchange membranes and forward osmosis membranes, were analyzed by Luggin capillary coupled with AC impedance spectroscopy (EIS) so as to obtain the real membrane and ion transfer impedance values near the membrane interface. The results reveal that the membrane impedance obtained by both the DC and AC approaches decreased as the lowest external solution concentration increased. Furthermore, the relationship between the membrane conductivity and the internal salt solution concentration was also investigated. It can be seen that the external ion concentration is directly proportional to the free ion concentration in the membrane, and the free ion concentration in the membrane is closely related to the membrane electrical resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liang Duan
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Trusty B, Berens S, Yahya A, Fang J, Barber S, Angelopoulos AP, Nickels JD, Vasenkov S. Influence of vanillic acid immobilization in Nafion membranes on intramembrane diffusion and structural properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:10069-10078. [PMID: 35416222 PMCID: PMC9134266 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01125e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR in combination with quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) was used to investigate self-diffusion of water and acetone in Nafion membranes with and without immobilized vanillic acid (VA). Complementary characterization of these membranes was performed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and NMR relaxometry. This study was motivated by the recent data showing that an organic acid, such as VA, in Nafion can preserve its catalytic activity in the presence of water even at high intra-polymer water concentrations corresponding up to 100% ambient relative humidity. However, there is currently no clear understanding of how immobilized organic acid molecules influence the microscopic transport properties and related structural properties of Nafion. Microscopic diffusion data measured by PFG NMR and QENS are compared for Nafion with and without VA. For displacements smaller than the micrometer-sized domains previously reported for Nafion, the VA addition was not observed to lead to any significant changes in the water and/or acetone self-diffusivity measured by each technique inside Nafion. However, the reported PFG NMR data present evidence of a different influence of acetone concentration in the membranes with and without VA on the water permeance of the interfaces between neighboring micrometer-sized domains. The reported diffusion data are correlated with the results of SAXS structural characterization and NMR relaxation data for water and acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Trusty
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Samuel Berens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Ahmad Yahya
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Junchuan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Sarah Barber
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Anastasios P Angelopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Jonathan D Nickels
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA
| | - Sergey Vasenkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Study on the Effect of Water Flux in Osmotic Microbial Fuel Cells on Membrane Water Content and Resistance. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14060848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic microbial fuel cells (OsMFCs) can integrate forward osmosis into microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which are able to perform organic elimination, bioenergy production, and high-class water abstraction from wastewater. However, it is not well understood how the unique feature of OsMFCs, i.e., water flux, helps improve current generation. Based on experimental studies and the Springer model theory, a new method for representing water transmission in OsMFC membranes is put forward that considers water transmission by electro-osmosis resulting from proton flux through the membrane and by osmosis resulting from osmotic pressure grades of water. In this research, osmotic water transmission is associated with the permeable differential pressure resulting from the ionic differential concentration in the membrane, and electro-osmotic water transmission is found to be proportional to the current density employed but irrelevant to the composition gradients. The net water transmission in OsMFC depends on the operation time and increases accordingly with higher current density and composition gradients. Furthermore, the membrane’s proton conductibility and water-transmission capabilities are significantly affected by the moisture content, which decreases from the negative electrode to the positive electrode in the OsMFC system. Increasing water flux with higher osmotic pressure and current density is therefore able to diminish the resistance of the membrane.
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Primachenko ON, Kulvelis YV, Marinenko EA, Gofman IV, Lebedev VT, Kononova SV, Kuklin AI, Ivankov OI, Soloviov DV, Chenneviere A. Orientational uniaxial stretching of proton conducting perfluorinated membranes. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg N. Primachenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Yuri V. Kulvelis
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” Gatchina Russia
| | - Elena A. Marinenko
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Iosif V. Gofman
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Vasily T. Lebedev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” Gatchina Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Kononova
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences St. Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexander I. Kuklin
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology Dolgoprudny Russia
| | - Oleksandr I. Ivankov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia
| | - Dmytro V. Soloviov
- Frank Laboratory of Neutron Physics Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Russia
| | - Alexis Chenneviere
- Laboratoire Léon Brillouin UMR12 CEA‐CNRS CEA Saclay Gif sur Yvette Cedex France
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Danil’chuk VV. Track Membranes’ Application for Anodic and Cathodic Space Separation during Induced Codeposition of Fe–W Coatings from Citrate Bath. SURFACE ENGINEERING AND APPLIED ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2021. [DOI: 10.3103/s1068375521030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Volkov VI, Chernyak AV, Avilova IA, Slesarenko NA, Melnikova DL, Skirda VD. Molecular and Ionic Diffusion in Ion Exchange Membranes and Biological Systems (Cells and Proteins) Studied by NMR. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:385. [PMID: 34074055 PMCID: PMC8225114 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11060385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The results of NMR, and especially pulsed field gradient NMR (PFG NMR) investigations, are summarized. Pulsed field gradient NMR technique makes it possible to investigate directly the partial self-diffusion processes in spatial scales from tenth micron to millimeters. Modern NMR spectrometer diffusive units enable to measure self-diffusion coefficients from 10-13 m2/s to 10-8 m2/s in different materials on 1 H, 2 H, 7 Li, 13 C, 19 F, 23 Na, 31 P, 133 Cs nuclei. PFG NMR became the method of choice for reveals of transport mechanism in polymeric electrolytes for lithium batteries and fuel cells. Second wide field of application this technique is the exchange processes and lateral diffusion in biological cells as well as molecular association of proteins. In this case a permeability, cell size, and associate lifetime could be estimated. The authors have presented the review of their research carried out in Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, Chernogolovka, Russia; Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Japan. The results of water molecule and Li+, Na+, Cs+ cation self-diffusion in Nafion membranes and membranes based on sulfonated polystyrene, water (and water soluble) fullerene derivative permeability in RBC, casein molecule association have being discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy I. Volkov
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Alexander V. Chernyak
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
- Scientific Center in Chernogolovka RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia
| | - Irina A. Avilova
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Nikita A. Slesarenko
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics RAS, 142432 Chernogolovka, Russia; (A.V.C.); (I.A.A.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Daria L. Melnikova
- Institute of Physics, KazanFederal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (V.D.S.)
| | - Vladimir D. Skirda
- Institute of Physics, KazanFederal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia; (D.L.M.); (V.D.S.)
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Permselectivity of Cation Exchange Membranes Modified by Polyaniline. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11030227. [PMID: 33806737 PMCID: PMC8004698 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work discusses the applicability of polyaniline-modified cation exchange membranes for the separation of monovalent/divalent cations by electrodialysis. A novel method of membrane modification directly in the electrodialysis unit is used to prepare permselective membranes. Complex characterization of the membranes before and after modification allows revealing the influence of membrane matrix on the modification efficiency. The characterization of the membranes includes determination of the diffusion permeability, specific conductivity and current-voltage curves in HCl, NaCl and CaCl2 solutions, as well as transport-structural parameters of the extended three-wire model. The characterization results are used to predict the influence of the modification on membrane permselectivity. The competitive mass transfer of singly and doubly charged cations in the electrodialysis process is investigated in underlimiting and overlimiting currents. Electrodialysis desalination of a solution containing Na+/Ca2+ or H+/Ca2+ cations shows that the modification leads to an increase in membrane permselectivity to single-charged cations due to the repulsion of Ca2+ ions from the positively charged membrane surface. The permselectivity of the polyaniline-modified perfluorinated membrane to H+ in the mixture of H+/Ca2+ cations is observed in all current regimes.
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Stenina IA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:198. [PMID: 33799886 PMCID: PMC7998860 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrey B. Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky pr. 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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15
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Safronova EY, Yaroslavtsev AB. Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment of Nafion® Polymer Solutions on Properties of Membranes Obtained by a Casting Procedure. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751621010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Volkov A, Golubenko D, Yaroslavtsev A. Development of solid polymer composite membranes based on sulfonated fluorocopolymer for olefin/paraffin separation with high permeability and selectivity. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Primachenko ON, Marinenko EA, Odinokov AS, Kononova SV, Kulvelis YV, Lebedev VT. State of the art and prospects in the development of proton‐conducting perfluorinated membranes with short side chains: A review. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg N. Primachenko
- Laboratory of synthesis of high temperature resistant polymers Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Elena A. Marinenko
- Laboratory of synthesis of high temperature resistant polymers Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Alexey S. Odinokov
- Laboratory of synthesis of high temperature resistant polymers Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia
- Russian Research Center of Applied Chemistry Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Svetlana V. Kononova
- Laboratory of synthesis of high temperature resistant polymers Institute of Macromolecular Compounds of Russian Academy of Sciences Saint Petersburg Russia
| | - Yuri V. Kulvelis
- Neutron research department Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute” Gatchina Russia
| | - Vasily T. Lebedev
- Neutron research department Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, NRC “Kurchatov Institute” Gatchina Russia
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18
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Berens SJ, Yahya A, Fang J, Angelopoulos A, Nickels JD, Vasenkov S. Transition between Different Diffusion Regimes and Its Relationship with Structural Properties in Nafion by High Field Diffusion NMR in Combination with Small-Angle X-ray and Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8943-8950. [PMID: 32931279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR at high field was utilized to directly observe a transition between two different diffusion regimes in a Nafion 117 membrane loaded with water and acetone. Although water self-diffusivity at small water loadings was observed to be diffusion time-independent in the limit of small and large diffusion times, it showed a significant decrease with increasing diffusion time at intermediate times corresponding to root mean square displacements on the order of several microns. Under our experimental conditions, no self-diffusivity dependence on diffusion time was found for water at large water loadings and for acetone at all studied acetone loadings. The diffusion time-dependent self-diffusivity at small water concentration is explained by the existence of finite domains of interconnected water channels with sizes in the range of several microns that form in Nafion in the presence of acetone. The domain sizes and permeance of transport barriers separating adjacent domains are estimated based on the measured PFG NMR data. At large water concentrations, the water channels form a fully interconnected network, resulting in time-independent self-diffusivity. The absence of such a percolation-like transition with increasing molecular concentration for acetone is attributed to a difference in the regions available for water and acetone diffusion in Nafion. The diffusion data are correlated with and supported by structural data obtained using small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering techniques. These techniques reveal distinct water channels with radial dimensions in the nanometer range increasing upon water addition, while acetone appears to be in an interfacial perfluoroether region, reducing the size of the radial channel dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Berens
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Ahmad Yahya
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Junchuan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Anastasios Angelopoulos
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Jonathan D Nickels
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45221, United States
| | - Sergey Vasenkov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
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Voropaeva DY, Novikova SA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The results of studies on polymer electrolytes for metal-ion batteries are analyzed and generalized. Progress in this field of research is driven by the need for solid-state batteries characterized by safety and stable operation. At present, a number of polymer electrolytes with a conductivity of at least 10−4 S cm−1 at 25 °C were synthesized. Main types of polymer electrolytes are described, viz., polymer/salt electrolytes, composite polymer electrolytes containing inorganic particles and anion acceptors, and polymer electrolytes based on cation-exchange membranes. Ion transport mechanisms and various methods for increasing the ionic conductivity in these systems are discussed. Prospects of application of polymer electrolytes in lithium- and sodium-ion batteries are outlined.
The bibliography includes 349 references.
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Stenina I, Golubenko D, Nikonenko V, Yaroslavtsev A. Selectivity of Transport Processes in Ion-Exchange Membranes: Relationship with the Structure and Methods for Its Improvement. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5517. [PMID: 32752236 PMCID: PMC7432390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, ion-exchange membranes have numerous applications in water desalination, electrolysis, chemistry, food, health, energy, environment and other fields. All of these applications require high selectivity of ion transfer, i.e., high membrane permselectivity. The transport properties of ion-exchange membranes are determined by their structure, composition and preparation method. For various applications, the selectivity of transfer processes can be characterized by different parameters, for example, by the transport number of counterions (permselectivity in electrodialysis) or by the ratio of ionic conductivity to the permeability of some gases (crossover in fuel cells). However, in most cases there is a correlation: the higher the flux density of the target component through the membrane, the lower the selectivity of the process. This correlation has two aspects: first, it follows from the membrane material properties, often expressed as the trade-off between membrane permeability and permselectivity; and, second, it is due to the concentration polarization phenomenon, which increases with an increase in the applied driving force. In this review, both aspects are considered. Recent research and progress in the membrane selectivity improvement, mainly including a number of approaches as crosslinking, nanoparticle doping, surface modification, and the use of special synthetic methods (e.g., synthesis of grafted membranes or membranes with a fairly rigid three-dimensional matrix) are summarized. These approaches are promising for the ion-exchange membranes synthesis for electrodialysis, alternative energy, and the valuable component extraction from natural or waste-water. Perspectives on future development in this research field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Stenina
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daniel Golubenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor Nikonenko
- Membrane Institute, Kuban State University, 350040 Krasnodar, Russia
| | - Andrey Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Alekseev NI, Bagrets VS, Broyko AP, Korlyakov AV, Luchinin VV, Kalenov VE, Sevostyanov EN, Khmelnitsky IK. Ionic Polymer Electroactive Actuators Based on the MF-4SK Ion-Exchange Membrane. Part 2. Ionic Polymer-Graphene Composites. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620040150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Alekseev NI, Bagrets VV, Broyko AP, Korlyakov AV, Kalenov VE, Luchinin VV, Sevostyanov EN, Testov DO, Khmelnitsky IK. Ionic Polymer Electroactive Actuators Based on the MF-4SK Ion-Exchange Membrane. Part 1. Ionic Polymer-Metal Composites. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620040149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Yaroslavtsev AB, Stenina IA, Golubenko DV. Membrane materials for energy production and storage. PURE APPL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2019-1208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ion exchange membranes are widely used in chemical power sources, including fuel cells, redox batteries, reverse electrodialysis devices and lithium-ion batteries. The general requirements for them are high ionic conductivity and selectivity of transport processes. Heterogeneous membranes are much cheaper but less selective due to the secondary porosity with large pore size. The composition of grafted membranes is almost identical to heterogeneous ones. But they are more selective due to the lack of secondary porosity. The conductivity of ion exchange membranes can be improved by their modification via nanoparticle incorporation. Hybrid membranes exhibit suppressed transport of co-ions and fuel gases. Highly selective composite membranes can be synthesized by incorporating nanoparticles with modified surface. Furthermore, the increase in the conductivity of hybrid membranes at low humidity is a significant advantage for fuel cell application. Proton-conducting membranes in the lithium form intercalated with aprotic solvents can be used in lithium-ion batteries and make them more safe. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the synthesis, and modification and transport properties of ion exchange membranes, their transport properties, methods of preparation and modification. Their application in fuel cells, reverse electrodialysis devices and lithium-ion batteries is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Yaroslavtsev
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS , Leninsky Prospekt 31 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- National Research University “Higher School of Economics” , Myasnitskaya Street 20 , 101000 Moscow , Russian Federation
| | - I. A. Stenina
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS , Leninsky Prospekt 31 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics of RAS , Academician Semenov Avenue 1 , 142432 Chernogolovka, Moscow Region , Russian Federation
| | - D. V. Golubenko
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of RAS , Leninsky Prospekt 31 , 119991 Moscow , Russian Federation
- National Research University “Higher School of Economics” , Myasnitskaya Street 20 , 101000 Moscow , Russian Federation
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Kononenko NA, Loza NV, Andreeva MA, Shkirskaya SA, Dammak L. Influence of Electric Field during the Chemical Synthesis of Polyaniline on the Surface of Heterogeneous Sulfonated Cation-Exchange Membranes on the Their Structure and Properties. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751619040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Sanginov EA, Novikova KS, Dremova NN, Dobrovolskii YA. Formation of Proton-Conducting Polymer Additives Based on Sulfonated Crosslinked Polystyrene in Nafion Membranes. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090419010093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Golubenko D, Pourcelly G, Yaroslavtsev A. Permselectivity and ion-conductivity of grafted cation-exchange membranes based on UV-oxidized polymethylpenten and sulfonated polystyrene. Sep Purif Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2018.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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An approach to increase the permselectivity and mono-valent ion selectivity of cation-exchange membranes by introduction of amorphous zirconium phosphate nanoparticles. J Memb Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2018.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Arslanova AA, Sanginov EA, Dobrovol’skii YA. New Composite Proton-Conducting Membranes Based on Nafion and Cross-Linked Sulfonated Polystyrene. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193518030035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parshina AV, Denisova TS, Safronova EY, Karavanova YA, Safronov DV, Bobreshova OV, Yaroslavtsev AB. Determination of sulfur-containing anions in alkaline solutions using arrays of DP-sensors based on hybrid perfluorinated membranes with proton-donor dopants. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817120097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
Development of alternative energy sources is one of the main trends of modern energy technology. Lithium-ion batteries and fuel cells are the most important among them. The increase in the energy and power density is the essential aspect which determined their future development. We provide a brief review of the state of developments in the field of nanosize electrode materials and electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries and hydrogen energy. The presence of relatively inexpensive and abundant elements, safety and low volume change during the lithium intercalation/deintercalation processes enables the application of lithium iron phosphate and lithium titanate as electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries. At the same time, they exhibit low ionic and electronic conductivity. To overcome this problem the following main approaches have been applied: use of nanosize materials, including nanocomposites, and heterovalent doping. Their impact in the property change is analyzed and discussed. Hybrid membranes containing inorganic nanoparticles enable a significant progress in the fuel cell development. Different approaches to their preparation, the reasons for ion conductivity and selectivity change, as well as the prospects for their application in low-temperature fuel cells are discussed. This review may provide some useful guidelines for development of advanced materials for lithium ion batteries and fuel cells.
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Yurova PA, Karavanova YA, Stenina IA, Yaroslavtsev AB. Synthesis and studies on the diffusion properties of MK-40 cation-exchange membranes modified with ceria. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1995078016060215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Parshina AV, Titova TS, Safronova EY, Bobreshova OV, Yaroslavtsev AB. Determination of glycine, alanine, and leucine at different solution ph with the aid of donnan potential sensors based on hybrid membranes. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934816030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kulvelis Y, Ivanchev SS, Primachenko ON, Lebedev VT, Marinenko EA, Ivanova IN, Kuklin AI, Ivankov OI, Soloviov DV. Structure and property optimization of perfluorinated short side chain membranes for hydrogen fuel cells using orientational stretching. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra23445c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stretching of membranes with low molecular weight makes structure rearrangement according to neutron scattering data on D2O-filled membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu. V. Kulvelis
- Neutron Researches Department
- B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
- Gatchina
- Russia
| | - S. S. Ivanchev
- St. Petersburg Department of Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - O. N. Primachenko
- St. Petersburg Department of Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - V. T. Lebedev
- Neutron Researches Department
- B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
- Gatchina
- Russia
| | - E. A. Marinenko
- St. Petersburg Department of Boreskov Institute of Catalysis
- Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
- St. Petersburg
- Russia
| | - I. N. Ivanova
- Neutron Researches Department
- B.P. Konstantinov Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”
- Gatchina
- Russia
| | - A. I. Kuklin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
- Dubna
- Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Dolgoprudny
| | - O. I. Ivankov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
- Dubna
- Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Dolgoprudny
| | - D. V. Soloviov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
- Dubna
- Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
- Dolgoprudny
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Bobreshova OV, Parshina AV, Safronova EY, Yankina KY, Yaroslavtsev AB. DP-sensors based on perfluorinated membranes modified with ZrO2 for the determination of novocaine and lidocaine in polyionic solutions. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934815050020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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