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Recent advances in the study of structure and properties of fiber composites with an epoxy matrix. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-021-02783-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Shibryaeva LS, Gorbunova IY, Kerber ML, Povernov PA. Features of Thermo-Oxidative Degradation of Epoxy Oligomer-Based Compositions with Thermoplastic Fillers. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090421040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Golubina EN, Kizim NF. Interfacial Synthesis: Morphology, Structure, and Properties of Interfacial Formations in Liquid–Liquid Systems. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s0036024421040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The results of studies in the field of interfacial synthesis and interfacial formations in liquid–liquid systems are summarized. The mechanisms of the processes of interfacial synthesis are considered. Data on the self-assembly of nanoparticles, films, and 3D materials are given. The properties of materials of interfacial formations in systems with rare-earth elements and di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid, obtained both in the presence and absence of local vibrations, are described. It was established that materials obtained in the presence of local vibrations in the interfacial layer have higher density, melting point, and magnetic susceptibility and lower electric conductivity. The effect of force field parameters on the properties of interfacial formations is considered. Practical applications and prospects for research in the field of interfacial formations are discussed.
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Szymoniak P, Qu X, Abbasi M, Pauw BR, Henning S, Li Z, Wang DY, Schick C, Saalwächter K, Schönhals A. Spatial inhomogeneity, interfaces and complex vitrification kinetics in a network forming nanocomposite. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:2775-2790. [PMID: 33543739 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm01992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A detailed calorimetric study on an epoxy-based nanocomposite system was performed employing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (DGEBA) cured with diethylenetriamine (DETA) as the polymer matrix and a taurine-modified MgAL layered double hydroxide (T-LDH) as the nanofiller. The -NH2 group of taurine can react with DGEBA improving the interaction of the polymer with the filler. The combined X-ray scattering and electron microscopy data showed that the nanocomposite has a partially exfoliated morphology. Calorimetric studies were performed using conventional DSC, temperature modulated DSC (TMDSC) and fast scanning calorimetry (FSC) in the temperature modulated approach (TMFSC) to investigate the vitrification and molecular mobility dependent on the filler concentration. First, TMDSC and NMR were used to estimate the amount of the rigid amorphous fraction which consists of immobilized polymer segments at the nanoparticle surface. It was found to be 40 wt% for the highest filler concentration, indicating that the interface dominates the overall macroscopic properties and behavior of the material to a great extent. Second, the relaxation rates of the α-relaxation obtained by TMDSC and TMFSC were compared with the thermal and dielectric relaxation rates measured by static FSC. The investigation revealed that the system shows two distinct α-relaxation processes. Furthermore, two separate vitrification mechanisms were also found for a bulk network-former without geometrical confinement as also confirmed by NMR. This was discussed in terms of the intrinsic spatial heterogeneity on a molecular scale, which becomes more pronounced with increasing nanofiller content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Szymoniak
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Xintong Qu
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mozhdeh Abbasi
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Brian R Pauw
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Sven Henning
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Mikrostruktur von Werkstoffen und Systemen IMWS, Walter-Hülse-Str. 1, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Zhi Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Christoph Schick
- University of Rostock, Institute of Physics and Competence Center CALOR, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany and A. M. Butlerov Institute of Chemistry, Kazan Federal University, Kremlevskaya 18, 420008 Kazan, Russian Federation
| | - Kay Saalwächter
- Institut für Physik - NMR, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 7, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andreas Schönhals
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Unter den Eichen 87, 12205 Berlin, Germany.
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Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites: The Influence of Interface Modification on the Dispersion Structure—A Small-Angle-X-ray-Scattering Study. SURFACES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/surfaces3040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The surface functionalization of inorganic nanoparticles is an important tool for the production of homogeneous nanocomposites. The chemical adaptation of the nano-filler surface can lead to effective weak to strong interactions between the fillers and the organic matrix. Here we present a detailed systematic study of different surface-functionalized particles in combination with a SAXS method for the systematic investigation of the interface interaction in the development of epoxy nanocomposites. We investigated the effect of surface modification of spherical SiO2 nanoparticles with 9 nm and 72 nm diameter and crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles with 22 nm diameter on the homogeneous distribution of the fillers in diethylenetriamine (DETA) cured bisphenol-F-diglycidylether epoxy resin nanocomposites. Unmodified nanoparticles were compared with surface-modified oxides having diethylene glycol monomethyl ethers (DEG), 1,2-diols, or epoxy groups attached to the surface. The influence of surface modification on dispersion quality was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for inorganic filler contents of 3, 5 and 10 wt%. It was shown that the dispersion quality can be optimized by varying the coupling agent end group to obtain homogeneous and transparent nanomaterials. UV/VIS measurements confirmed the transparency/translucency of the obtained materials. The relationship between particle–matrix interaction and particle–particle interaction plays a decisive role in homogeneity and is controlled by the surface groups as well as by the type, size, and morphology of the nanoparticles themselves.
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Effect of Epoxy Oligomer on the Hierarchical Structure of Silica Nanoparticles Formed in a Polymer Matrix. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-020-09659-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kuzub LI, Gurieva LL, Khodos II, Badamshina ER. Influence of Precursor Concentration on the Formation of Silver Nanoparticles with Oligostyrylmonocarboxylate Ligands in ED-20 Epoxy Oligomer. POLYMER SCIENCE SERIES B 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1560090420030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Irzhak VI, Dzhardimalieva GI, Uflyand IE. Structure and properties of epoxy polymer nanocomposites reinforced with carbon nanotubes. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-019-1896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Araya-Hermosilla R, Pucci A, Raffa P, Santosa D, Pescarmona PP, Gengler RYN, Rudolf P, Moreno-Villoslada I, Picchioni F. Electrically-Responsive Reversible Polyketone/MWCNT Network through Diels-Alder Chemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1076. [PMID: 30961001 PMCID: PMC6403874 DOI: 10.3390/polym10101076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examines the preparation of electrically conductive polymer networks based on furan-functionalised polyketone (PK-Fu) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reversibly crosslinked with bis-maleimide (B-Ma) via Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition. Notably, the incorporation of 5 wt.% of MWCNTs results in an increased modulus of the material, and makes it thermally and electrically conductive. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that MWCNTs, due to their diene/dienophile character, covalently interact with the matrix via DA reaction, leading to effective interfacial adhesion between the components. Raman spectroscopy points to a more effective graphitic ordering of MWCNTs after reaction with PK-Fu and B-Ma. After crosslinking the obtained composite via the DA reaction, the softening point (tan(δ) in dynamic mechanical analysis measurements) increases up to 155 °C, as compared to the value of 130 °C for the PK-Fu crosslinked with B-Ma and that of 140 °C for the PK-Fu/B-Ma/MWCNT nanocomposite before resistive heating (responsible for crosslinking). After grinding the composite, compression moulding (150 °C/40 bar) activates the retro-DA process that disrupts the network, allowing it to be reshaped as a thermoplastic. A subsequent process of annealing via resistive heating demonstrates the possibility of reconnecting the decoupled DA linkages, thus providing the PK networks with the same thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties as the crosslinked pristine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Araya-Hermosilla
- Programa Institucional de Fomento a la Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Ignacio Valdivieso 2409, P.O. Box 8940577, San Joaquín, Santiago 8940000, Chile.
| | - Andrea Pucci
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Via Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Patrizio Raffa
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Dian Santosa
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Paolo P Pescarmona
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Régis Y N Gengler
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra Rudolf
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Ignacio Moreno-Villoslada
- Laboratorio de Polímeros, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110033, Chile.
| | - Francesco Picchioni
- Department of Chemical Product Engineering, ENTEG, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747AG Groningen, The Netherlands.
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