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Kruppa J, Kanbar OZ, Tóth-Lencsés KA, Kiss E, Bóna L, Lantos C, Pauk J. Induction of Triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) In Vitro Androgenesis in Anther Cultures of F 1 Hybrid Combinations, Varieties and Homogeneity Testing of Offspring Generation. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1970. [PMID: 37895352 PMCID: PMC10608130 DOI: 10.3390/life13101970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In cereal breeding, in vitro androgenesis methods are frequently applied to achieve doubled haploid (DH) plants. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of genotype (three registered varieties and eight F1 crossing combinations) and induction medium (W14mf and P4mf) on anther cultures (ACs) of triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack). Androgenesis was induced in the treatment of each tested genotype, and the genotype significantly influenced the efficiency of AC, including in embryo-like structures (ELSs), albinos, green plantlets, and transplanted plantlets. The utilized medium also had a significant effect on the number of ELSs, albinos, and transplanted plantlets. Both media were suitable for AC in triticale DH plant production. The efficiency of AC was higher when using the P4mf medium (103.7 ELS/100 anthers, 19.7 green plantlets/100 anthers) than when using the W14mf medium (90.0 ELS/100 anthers, 17.0 green plantlets/100 anthers). However, the green plantlet regeneration efficiency of microspore-derived structures was 18.0% when using the W14mf medium, while this value was 15.9% in the case of ELSs induced with the P4mf medium. After nursery seed evaluation and propagation (DH1), the genetic homogeneity of the offspring generation (DH2) was tested using a molecular genetic method. Most of the tested DH lines showed homogeneity and were progressed into a breeding program after agronomic selection. Some DH lines showed inhomogeneity, which could be explained by the outcross inclination of triticale. We would like to call breeders' attention to the outcross character of triticale and emphasize the vigilant propagation and maintenance of the triticale DH lines in breeding programs. Due to the outcross nature of triticale, even in self-pollinated genotypes, breeders should focus on careful maintenance, along with isolation in the case of line propagations, in triticale breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kitti Andrea Tóth-Lencsés
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Group, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology (GBI), Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary; (K.A.T.-L.); (E.K.)
| | - Erzsébet Kiss
- Molecular Genetics and Breeding Group, Department of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology (GBI), Szent István Campus, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, H-2103 Gödöllő, Hungary; (K.A.T.-L.); (E.K.)
| | - Lajos Bóna
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (O.Z.K.); (L.B.)
| | - Csaba Lantos
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (O.Z.K.); (L.B.)
| | - János Pauk
- Cereal Research Non-Profit Ltd., H-6726 Szeged, Hungary; (O.Z.K.); (L.B.)
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Kondić-Špika A, Mikić S, Mirosavljević M, Trkulja D, Marjanović Jeromela A, Rajković D, Radanović A, Cvejić S, Glogovac S, Dodig D, Božinović S, Šatović Z, Lazarević B, Šimić D, Novoselović D, Vass I, Pauk J, Miladinović D. Crop breeding for a changing climate in the Pannonian region: towards integration of modern phenotyping tools. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5089-5110. [PMID: 35536688 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The Pannonian Plain, as the most productive region of Southeast Europe, has a long tradition of agronomic production as well as agronomic research and plant breeding. Many research institutions from the agri-food sector of this region have a significant impact on agriculture. Their well-developed and fruitful breeding programmes resulted in productive crop varieties highly adapted to the specific regional environmental conditions. Rapid climatic changes that occurred during the last decades led to even more investigations of complex interactions between plants and their environments and the creation of climate-smart and resilient crops. Plant phenotyping is an essential part of botanical, biological, agronomic, physiological, biochemical, genetic, and other omics approaches. Phenotyping tools and applied methods differ among these disciplines, but all of them are used to evaluate and measure complex traits related to growth, yield, quality, and adaptation to different environmental stresses (biotic and abiotic). During almost a century-long period of plant breeding in the Pannonian region, plant phenotyping methods have changed, from simple measurements in the field to modern plant phenotyping and high-throughput non-invasive and digital technologies. In this review, we present a short historical background and the most recent developments in the field of plant phenotyping, as well as the results accomplished so far in Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia. Current status and perspectives for further simultaneous regional development and modernization of plant phenotyping are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankica Kondić-Špika
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sanja Mikić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Milan Mirosavljević
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Ana Marjanović Jeromela
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Dragana Rajković
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Radanović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Sandra Cvejić
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | - Dejan Dodig
- Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje', Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Zlatko Šatović
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Boris Lazarević
- University of Zagreb, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagreb, Croatia
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Šimić
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dario Novoselović
- Centre of Excellence for Biodiversity and Molecular Plant Breeding (CoE CroP-BioDiv), Zagreb, Croatia
- Agricultural Institute Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Imre Vass
- Institute of Plant Biology, Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - János Pauk
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dragana Miladinović
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
- Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Breeding of Climate-Resilient Crops-Climate Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia
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In Vitro Anther Culture for Doubled Haploid Plant Production in Spelt Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34270035 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Doubled haploid (DH) plant production belongs to modern biotechnology methods of plant breeding. The main advantage of DH plant production methods is the development of genetically homozygous lines in one generation, whilst in conventional breeding programmes, the development of homozygous lines requires more generations. The present chapter describes an efficient protocol for DH plant production in spelt wheat genotypes using in vitro anther culture.
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Unpollinated Ovaries Used to Produce Doubled Haploid Lines in Durum Wheat. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2287:245-255. [PMID: 34270034 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of doubled haploid lines improves the efficiency of cultivar development and homozygous genotypes can be obtained in one generation, as opposed to conventional line production, which requires several cycles of self-pollination. However, in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum subsp. durum Desf.), the low efficiency of green plant regeneration and the very high frequency of albino plants hinder the application of this technique.We observed the success of using gynogenesis for durum wheat and the significant influence of growing conditions on ovary and callus development, and on plant regeneration. Our results suggested that the cold pretreatment for 2 weeks is efficient for durum wheat. Furthermore, the addition of 2,4-D, vitamins and glutamine, and the use of maltose as sugar source in media improved the ovary regeneration. We describe in this work an efficient method to regenerate green plants from in vitro durum wheat gynogenesis .
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Ohnoutková L, Vlčko T. Homozygous Transgenic Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants by Anther Culture. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9070918. [PMID: 32698526 PMCID: PMC7412030 DOI: 10.3390/plants9070918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Production of homozygous lines derived from transgenic plants is one of the important steps for phenotyping and genotyping transgenic progeny. The selection of homozygous plants is a tedious process that can be significantly shortened by androgenesis, cultivation of anthers, or isolated microspores. Doubled haploid (DH) production achieves complete homozygosity in one generation. We obtained transgenic homozygous DH lines from six different transgenic events by using anther culture. Anthers were isolated from T0 transgenic primary regenerants and cultivated in vitro. The ploidy level was determined in green regenerants. At least half of the 2n green plants were transgenic, and their progeny were shown to carry the transgene. The process of dihaploidization did not affect the expression of the transgene. Embryo cultures were used to reduce the time to seed of the next generation. The application of these methods enables rapid evaluation of transgenic lines for gene function studies and trait evaluation.
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Lantos C, Purgel S, Ács K, Langó B, Bóna L, Boda K, Békés F, Pauk J. Utilization of in Vitro Anther Culture in Spelt Wheat Breeding. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 8:E436. [PMID: 31652667 PMCID: PMC6843536 DOI: 10.3390/plants8100436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The efficiency of in vitro anther culture was screened in a full diallel population of four spelt wheat genotypes and ten F1 hybrids. Genotype dependency was observed based on the data of embryo-like structures (ELS), green-, albino plantlets. In the diallel population and ten F1 hybrids, the green plantlets production ranged from 13.75 to 85.00 and from 6.30 to 51.00, respectively. The anther culture-derived plants of F1 hybrids were grown up in the nursery. At the harvest, 436 spontaneous doubled haploid (DH) plants were identified among the 1535 anther culture-derived transplanted and grown up individual plants. The mean of spontaneous rediploidization was 28.4% which ranged from 9.76% to 54.24%. In two consecutive years, the agronomic values of 'Tonkoly.pop1' advanced line were compared with seven DH lines of 'Tonkoly.pop1' in the nursery. The DH lines achieved competitive values in comparison with 'Tonkoly.pop1' advanced line based on the 11 measured parameters (heading date, plant height, yield, hardness, width and length of seed, TKW, hulling yield, flour yield, protein and wet gluten content). These observations presage the efficient utilization of anther culture in spelt wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csaba Lantos
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Szandra Purgel
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Ács
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
- George Oláh PhD School, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Bernadett Langó
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
- George Oláh PhD School, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, 1521 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Bóna
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Krisztina Boda
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, University of Szeged, Korányi fasor 9, Szeged 6720, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Békés
- FBFD PTY LTD, Hull Road 34, Beecroft, NSW, Australia.
| | - János Pauk
- Cereal Research Non-profit Ltd., P.O. Box 391, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary.
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