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Sharko FS, Boulygina ES, Tsygankova SV, Slobodova NV, Rastorguev SM, Krasivskaya AA, Belinsky AB, Härke H, Kadieva AA, Demidenko SV, Malashev VY, Shvedchikova TY, Dobrovolskaya MV, Reshetova IK, Korobov DS, Nedoluzhko AV. Koban culture genome-wide and archeological data open the bridge between Bronze and Iron Ages in the North Caucasus. Eur J Hum Genet 2024:10.1038/s41431-023-01524-4. [PMID: 38177408 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01524-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The North Caucasus played a key role during the ancient colonization of Eurasia and the formation of its cultural and genetic ancestry. Previous archeogenetic studies described a relative genetic and cultural continuity of ancient Caucasus societies, since the Eneolithic period. The Koban culture, which formed in the Late Bronze Age on the North Caucasian highlands, is considered as a cultural "bridge" between the ancient and modern autochthonous peoples of the Caucasus. Here, we discuss the place of this archeological culture and its representatives in the genetic orbit of Caucasian cultures using genome-wide SNP data from five individuals of the Koban culture and one individual of the early Alanic culture as well as previously published genomic data of ancient and modern North Caucasus individuals. Ancient DNA analysis shows that an ancient individual from Klin-Yar III, who was previously described as male, was in fact a female. Additional studies on well-preserved ancient human specimens are necessary to determine the level of local mobility and kinship between individuals in ancient societies of North Caucasus. Further studies with a larger sample size will allow us gain a deeper understanding of this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fedor S Sharko
- European University at St. Petersburg, 6/1A Gagarinskaya Street, 191187, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., Moscow, 119071, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Eugenia S Boulygina
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Tsygankova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Natalia V Slobodova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Kurchatov sq. 1, Moscow, 123182, Russia
- HSE University, Profsoyuznaya st. 33, bld. 4, Moscow, 117418, Russia
| | - Sergey M Rastorguev
- N. I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Anna A Krasivskaya
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Andrej B Belinsky
- Limited liability company Nasledie, K. Marx av., 56, Stavropol', 355017, Russia
| | - Heinrich Härke
- Centre for Classical and Oriental Archaeology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, ul. Staraya Basmannaya 21/4c1, Moscow, 105066, Russia
- Department of Medieval Archaeology, University of Tübingen, Schloss Hohentübingen, D-72070, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna A Kadieva
- Department of Archaeology, State Historical Museum, Krasnaya pl., 1, Moscow, 109012, Russia
| | - Sergej V Demidenko
- Department of Scythian and Sarmatian Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Uljanova str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yu Malashev
- Department of Scythian and Sarmatian Archaeology, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Uljanova str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russia
| | - Tatiana Yu Shvedchikova
- Department of Theory and Methods, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Uljanova str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russia
| | - Maria V Dobrovolskaya
- Department of Theory and Methods, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Uljanova str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russia
| | - Irina K Reshetova
- Department of Theory and Methods, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Uljanova str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Korobov
- Department of Theory and Methods, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Dm. Uljanova str., 19, Moscow, 117292, Russia.
| | - Artem V Nedoluzhko
- European University at St. Petersburg, 6/1A Gagarinskaya Street, 191187, St. Petersburg, Russia.
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