1
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Fingerhut J, Lecroart L, Schwarzer M, Hörandl S, Borodin D, Kandratsenka A, Kitsopoulos TN, Auerbach DJ, Wodtke AM. Identification of reaction intermediates in the decomposition of formic acid on Pd. Faraday Discuss 2024. [PMID: 38779946 DOI: 10.1039/d3fd00174a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Uncovering the role of reaction intermediates is crucial to developing an understanding of heterogeneous catalysis because catalytic reactions often involve complex networks of elementary steps. Identifying the reaction intermediates is often difficult because their short lifetimes and low concentrations make it difficult to observe them with surface sensitive spectroscopic techniques. In this paper we report a different approach to identify intermediates for the formic acid decomposition reaction on Pd(111) and Pd(332) based on accurate measurements of isotopologue specific thermal reaction rates. At low surface temperatures (∼400 K) CO2 formation is the major reaction pathway. The CO2 kinetic data show this occurs via two temporally resolved reaction processes. Thus, there must be two parallel pathways which we attribute to the participation of two intermediate species in the reaction. Isotopic substitution reveals large and isotopologue specific kinetic isotope effects that allow us to identify the two key intermediates as bidentate formate and carboxyl. The decomposition of the bidentate formate is substantially slower than that of carboxyl. On Pd(332), at high surface temperatures (643 K to 693 K) we observe both CO and CO2 production. The observation of CO formation reinforces the conclusion of calculations that suggest the carboxyl intermediate plays a major role in the water-gas shift reaction, where carboxyl exhibits temperature dependent branching between CO2 and CO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Fingerhut
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Loïc Lecroart
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schwarzer
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Hörandl
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Dmitriy Borodin
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kandratsenka
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Theofanis N Kitsopoulos
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- School of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Daniel J Auerbach
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Alec M Wodtke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany.
- Department of Dynamics at Surfaces, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
- International Center for Advanced Studies of Energy Conversion, Georg-August University of Goettingen, 37077 Goettingen, Germany
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2
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Liu Y, Wang QL, Yang YY. CO 2 and Formate Pathway of Methanol Electrooxidation at Rhodium Electrodes in Alkaline Media: An In Situ Electrochemical Attenuated Total Refection Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy Investigation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12510-12520. [PMID: 36205573 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c01917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rh catalysts exhibit unexpected high activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in alkaline conditions, making them potential anodic catalysts for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Nevertheless, the MOR mechanism on Rh electrodes has not been clarified thus far, which impedes the development of high-efficiency Rh-based MOR catalysts. To investigate it, a combination of in situ electrochemical techniques called attenuated total refection surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (ATR-SEIRAS) and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (IRAS) is used. Cyclic voltammograms of MOR at Rh electrodes show considerable activity in alkaline media rather than acidic media, although the real-time ATR-SEIRA spectral results demonstrate that methanol can rarely self-decompose on Rh at open-circuit conditions. Meanwhile, in combination of ATR-SEIRAS and IRAS results, CO2 and formate are thought to be MOR products, suggesting a dual-pathway mechanism ("CO2 pathway" and "formate pathway"). Specifically, COad species, which are the major intermediates in the CO2 pathway, can produce at lower potentials and be oxidized into CO2 at a potential of 0.5-0.75 V. Concurrently, the formate can be produced from 0.5 V and diffuse into the bulk electrolyte to become one of the MOR products, while the further electrochemical conversion of formate to CO2 is essentially negligible. More directly, the apparent selectivity (r) of the CO2 pathway is estimated to reach ca. 0.63 at 0.9 V, confirming the potential-dependent selectivity of MOR at Rh surfaces. This study might provide fresh insights into the design and fabrication of effective Rh-based catalysts for MOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong-Lan Wang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao-Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, People's Republic of China
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3
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Mastronardi V, Kim J, Veronesi M, Pomili T, Berti F, Udayan G, Brescia R, Diercks JS, Herranz J, Bandiera T, Fichthorn KA, Pompa PP, Moglianetti M. Green chemistry and first-principles theory enhance catalysis: synthesis and 6-fold catalytic activity increase of sub-5 nm Pd and Pt@Pd nanocubes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:10155-10168. [PMID: 35796244 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Synthesizing metal nanoparticles with fine control of size, shape and surface properties is of high interest for applications such as catalysis, nanoplasmonics, and fuel cells. In this contribution, we demonstrate that the citrate-coated surfaces of palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt)@Pd nanocubes with a lateral length <5 nm and low polydispersity in shape achieve superior catalytic properties. The synthesis achieves great control of the nanoparticle's physico-chemical properties by using only biogenic reagents and bromide ions in water while being fast, easy to perform and scalable. The role of the seed morphology is pivotal as Pt single crystal seeds are necessary to achieve low polydispersity in shape and prevent nanorods formation. In addition, electrochemical measurements demonstrate the abundancy of Pd{100} surface facets at a macroscopic level, in line with information inferred from TEM analysis. Quantum density functional theory calculations indicate that the kinetic origin of cubic Pd nanoshapes is facet-selective Pd reduction/deposition on Pd(111). Moreover, we underline both from an experimental and theoretical point of view that bromide alone does not induce nanocube formation without the synergy with formic acid. The superior performance of these highly controlled nanoparticles to perform the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol was proved: polymer-free and surfactant-free Pd nanocubes outperform state-of-the-art materials by a factor >6 and a commercial Pd/C catalyst by more than one order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Mastronardi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Junseok Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Marina Veronesi
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
- Structural Biophysics and Translational Pharmacology Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Tania Pomili
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesco Berti
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Gayatri Udayan
- Department of Engineering for Innovation, University of Salento, Via per Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
- Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
| | - Rosaria Brescia
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Justus S Diercks
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Juan Herranz
- Electrochemistry Laboratory, Paul Scherrer Institut, Forschungsstrasse 111, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Tiziano Bandiera
- D3-PharmaChemistry, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Kristen A Fichthorn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
| | - Mauro Moglianetti
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy.
- Center for Bio-Molecular Nanotechnologies, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Barsanti 14, 73010 Arnesano (Lecce), Italy
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4
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Montero MA, Gennero de Chialvo MR, Chialvo AC. Steady State Kinetic Study of the Formic Acid Electrooxidation Reaction on Iridium in a Flow Cell. Top Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-022-01603-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Chen X, Granda-Marulanda LP, McCrum IT, Koper MTM. How palladium inhibits CO poisoning during electrocatalytic formic acid oxidation and carbon dioxide reduction. Nat Commun 2022; 13:38. [PMID: 35013444 PMCID: PMC8748733 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27793-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of reversible and stable catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 is of great interest. Here, we elucidate the atomistic details of how a palladium electrocatalyst inhibits CO poisoning during both formic acid oxidation to carbon dioxide and carbon dioxide reduction to formic acid. We compare results obtained with a platinum single-crystal electrode modified with and without a single monolayer of palladium. We combine (high-scan-rate) cyclic voltammetry with density functional theory to explain the absence of CO poisoning on the palladium-modified electrode. We show how the high formate coverage on the palladium-modified electrode protects the surface from poisoning during formic acid oxidation, and how the adsorption of CO precursor dictates the delayed poisoning during CO2 reduction. The nature of the hydrogen adsorbed on the palladium-modified electrode is considerably different from platinum, supporting a model to explain the reversibility of this reaction. Our results help in designing catalysts for which CO poisoning needs to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Chen
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Laura P Granda-Marulanda
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ian T McCrum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, USA
| | - Marc T M Koper
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300, RA, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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6
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Montero MA, Luque GC, Gennero de Chialvo MR, Chialvo AC. Kinetic evaluation of the formic acid electrooxidation on steady state on palladium using a flow cell. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.114777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Petrii OA. The Progress in Understanding the Mechanisms of Methanol and Formic Acid Electrooxidation on Platinum Group Metals (a Review). RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193519010129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Uwitonze N, Zhou D, Lei J, Chen W, Zuo XQ, Cai J, Chen YX. The high Tafel slope and small potential dependence of activation energy for formic acid oxidation on a Pd electrode. Electrochim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2018.07.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Dunwell M, Luc W, Yan Y, Jiao F, Xu B. Understanding Surface-Mediated Electrochemical Reactions: CO2 Reduction and Beyond. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b02181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dunwell
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Wesley Luc
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yushan Yan
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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10
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Macedo LJA, Crespilho FN. Multiplex Infrared Spectroscopy Imaging for Monitoring Spatially Resolved Redox Chemistry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1487-1491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucyano J. A. Macedo
- São Carlos Institute
of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
| | - Frank N. Crespilho
- São Carlos Institute
of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 13560-970, Brazil
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11
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Dunwell M, Lu Q, Heyes JM, Rosen J, Chen JG, Yan Y, Jiao F, Xu B. The Central Role of Bicarbonate in the Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide on Gold. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:3774-3783. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b13287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Dunwell
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qi Lu
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jeffrey M. Heyes
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jonathan Rosen
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Jingguang G. Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yushan Yan
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Bingjun Xu
- Center
for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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12
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Celorrio V, Quaino PM, Santos E, Flórez-Montaño J, Humphrey JJL, Guillén-Villafuerte O, Plana D, Lázaro MJ, Pastor E, Fermín DJ. Strain Effects on the Oxidation of CO and HCOOH on Au–Pd Core–Shell Nanoparticles. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.6b03237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Celorrio
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Paola M. Quaino
- Instituto
de Química Aplicada del Litoral, IQAL (UNL-CONICET), PRELINE (FIQ-UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Elizabeth Santos
- Instituto
de Física Enrique Gaviola (IFEG-CONICET), Facultad de Matemática,
Astronomía y Física, FaMAF-UNC, Cordoba, Argentina
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jonathan Flórez-Montaño
- Departamento
de Química e Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez
s/n, 38206 La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jo J. L. Humphrey
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - Olmedo Guillén-Villafuerte
- Departamento
de Química e Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez
s/n, 38206 La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
| | - Daniela Plana
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
| | - María J. Lázaro
- Instituto de Carboquímica (CSIC), Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Pastor
- Departamento
de Química e Instituto de Materiales y Nanotecnología, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez
s/n, 38206 La Laguna,
Tenerife, Spain
| | - David J. Fermín
- School
of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, U.K
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13
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Jiang K, Zhang HX, Zou S, Cai WB. Electrocatalysis of formic acid on palladium and platinum surfaces: from fundamental mechanisms to fuel cell applications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:20360-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03151b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A brief overview is presented on recent progress in mechanistic studies of formic acid oxidation, synthesis of novel Pd- and Pt-based nanocatalysts and their practical applications in direct formic acid fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han-Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shouzhong Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Miami University
- Oxford, USA
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- Fudan University
- Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Oishi K, Savadogo O. Electrochemical investigation of Pd–Co thin films binary alloy for the oxygen reduction reaction in acid medium. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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15
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Cuesta A, Cabello G, Hartl FW, Escudero-Escribano M, Vaz-Domínguez C, Kibler LA, Osawa M, Gutiérrez C. Electrooxidation of formic acid on gold: An ATR-SEIRAS study of the role of adsorbed formate. Catal Today 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2012.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Bhattarai N, Casillas G, Ponce A, Jose-Yacaman M. Strain-release mechanisms in bimetallic core-shell nanoparticles as revealed by Cs-corrected STEM. SURFACE SCIENCE 2013; 609:161-166. [PMID: 23457419 PMCID: PMC3580871 DOI: 10.1016/j.susc.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Lattice mismatch in a bimetallic core-shell nanoparticle will cause strain in the epitaxial shell layer, and if it reaches the critical layer thickness misfit dislocations will appear in order to release the increasing strain. These defects are relevant since they will directly impact the atomic and electronic structures thereby changing the physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles. Here we report the direct observation and evolution through aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy of dislocations in AuPd core-shell nanoparticles. Our results show that first Shockley partial dislocations (SPD) combined with stacking faults (SF) appear at the last Pd layer; then, as the shell grows the SPDs and SFs appear at the interface and combine with misfit dislocations, which finally diffuse to the free surfaces due to the alloying of Au into the Pd shell. The critical layer thickness was found to be at least 50% greater than in thin films, confirming that shells growth on nanoparticles can sustain more strain due to the tridimensional nature of the nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabraj Bhattarai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249
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17
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Duan S, Ji YF, Fang PP, Chen YX, Xu X, Luo Y, Tian ZQ. Density functional theory study on the adsorption and decomposition of the formic acid catalyzed by highly active mushroom-like Au@Pd@Pt tri-metallic nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4625-33. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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18
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Luo Y, Li H, Chen T, Ge C, Tang Y, Chen Y, Lu T. Effect of Pd ions in electrolyte on electrocatalytic performance of carbon supported Pd catalyst for oxidation of formic acid. Electrochim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Tang S, Vongehr S, Zheng Z, Ren H, Meng X. Facile and rapid synthesis of spherical porous palladium nanostructures with high catalytic activity for formic acid electro-oxidation. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:255606. [PMID: 22652508 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/25/255606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Highly uniform, spherical porous palladium nanostructures (SPPNs) with rough surfaces were prepared by a facile and rapid ultrasound assisted reduction. The synthesis involves sonicating a solution of K(2)PdCl(4) and ascorbic acid for only 7 min at 40 °C without any additives. The products are isolated structures with a narrow size distribution, and their average diameters are controllable in a range from 40 to 100 nm via the K(2)PdCl(4) concentration. Typical products have a diameter of 52 nm and consist of loosely packed grains of 2-3 nm. They are thus very porous, with a specific surface area of 47 m(2) g(-1). The growth mechanism of SPPNs is discussed on the basis of varying relevant reaction parameters and characterizations from different microscopy techniques, nitrogen absorption analysis, and time-dependent UV-vis spectra. The electrocatalytic performance of the SPPNs was evaluated by electro-oxidation of formic acid. The mass current density per mass of SPPNs (1.88 A mg(-1)) exceeds that of commercial Pd black (1.69 A mg(-1)) and is more than twice that of commercial Pd/C catalyst (0.79 A mg(-1)). Long-term stability of the activity makes this material a promising anode catalyst for direct formic acid fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaochun Tang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Site Blocking with Gold Adatoms as an Approach to Study Structural Effects in Electrocatalysis. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-012-0104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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21
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Vidal-Iglesias FJ, Arán-Ais RM, Solla-Gullón J, Garnier E, Herrero E, Aldaz A, Feliu JM. Shape-dependent electrocatalysis: formic acid electrooxidation on cubic Pd nanoparticles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2012; 14:10258-65. [DOI: 10.1039/c2cp40992e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Wang JY, Zhang HX, Jiang K, Cai WB. From HCOOH to CO at Pd Electrodes: A Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy Study. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:14876-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja205747j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yi Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Han-Xuan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials and Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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Jeon H, Uhm S, Jeong B, Lee J. On the origin of reactive Pd catalysts for an electrooxidation of formic acid. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:6192-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp02863k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Rodriguez P, Garcia-Araez N, Koverga A, Frank S, Koper MTM. CO electroxidation on gold in alkaline media: a combined electrochemical, spectroscopic, and DFT study. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:12425-12432. [PMID: 20560579 DOI: 10.1021/la1014048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present work is to provide a deeper understanding of gold catalysis for CO electrooxidation in alkaline media, through a combined electrochemical, spectroscopic, and DFT study. Voltammetric and spectroscopic measurements evidence that the amount of CO irreversibly adsorbed on gold increases as the adsorption potential becomes more negative (vs SHE). This explains why higher CO coverages can be achieved in more alkaline solutions, since the value of adsorption potential vs RHE becomes more negative vs SHE with increasing pH. On the other hand, the combination of FTIRRAS experiments and DFT calculations shows that the adsorption site of irreversibly adsorbed CO on Au(111) depends on the value of the adsorption potential. It is concluded that CO adsorption on top sites takes place at all studied potentials, and hollow and bridge sites also become occupied for adsorption potentials lower and higher than 0 V vs RHE, respectively. However, it should be noted that our DFT calculations give values of the CO binding energies that are not strong enough to explain CO irreversible adsorption. This may be partly attributed to the fact that OH coadsorption is not included in the calculations. Indeed, this work presents two experimental facts that suggest that CO adsorption on gold promotes the coadsorption of OH species: (i) CO irreversibly adsorbed on Au(111) and Au(100) leads to an unusual voltammetric feature, whose charge indicates the stabilization of one OH species per adsorbed CO species; (ii) the apparent transfer coefficient of this unusual state is close to unity, suggesting that it is due to a presumed structural transformation coupled to OH adsorption. Finally, the effect of the adsorption potential on the bulk CO electrooxidation is also studied. It is found that, on Au(111), an increased occupation of CO on multifold (hollow) sites seems to result in a less efficient catalysis. However, on Au(110), an increased coverage of CO on top sites does not produce any significant change in catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramaconi Rodriguez
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Rodriguez P, Garcia-Araez N, Koper MTM. Self-promotion mechanism for CO electrooxidation on gold. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2010; 12:9373-80. [PMID: 20577686 DOI: 10.1039/b926365a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
CO electrooxidation on Au(111), Au(100) and Au(110) electrodes in 0.1 M HClO(4) and 0.1 M NaOH solutions has been studied by means of voltammetric measurements with hanging meniscus rotating bead-type electrodes. It is found that the reaction order in CO concentration is close to unity at potentials close to the onset of CO oxidation, and then it becomes higher than unity at higher potentials for all studied surfaces except for Au(111) in 0.1 M HClO(4). This behavior indicates that CO oxidation on gold takes place through a self-promotion mechanism, in which the presence of CO on the gold surface enhances the adsorption of its own oxidant. Specifically, this mechanism offers a plausible explanation for the higher catalytic activity in alkaline solutions, since CO adsorption is stronger under these conditions, and thus it can lead to a higher enhancement of the adsorption of the oxidant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramaconi Rodriguez
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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YE S, KONDO T, HOSHI N, INUKAI J, YOSHIMOTO S, OSAWA M, ITAYA K. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Surface Science with Atomic and Molecular Levels. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.77.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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29
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YE S, KONDO T, HOSHI N, INUKAI J, YOSHIMOTO S, OSAWA M, ITAYA K. Recent Progress in Electrochemical Surface Science with Atomic and Molecular Levels. ELECTROCHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.5796/electrochemistry.77.e1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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30
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Structural effects on voltammograms of the low index planes of palladium and Pd(S)-[n(100)×(111)] surfaces in alkaline solution. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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31
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Zhang Z, Huang Y, Ge J, Liu C, Lu T, Xing W. WO3/C hybrid material as a highly active catalyst support for formic acid electrooxidation. Electrochem commun 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Miyake H, Okada T, Samjeské G, Osawa M. Formic acid electrooxidation on Pd in acidic solutions studied by surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2008; 10:3662-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b805955a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Berná A, Delgado JM, Orts JM, Rodes A, Feliu JM. Spectroelectrochemical study of the adsorption of acetate anions at gold single crystal and thin-film electrodes. Electrochim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hara M, Linke U, Wandlowski T. Preparation and electrochemical characterization of palladium single crystal electrodes in 0.1M H2SO4 and HClO4. Electrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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