Ion Atmosphere of Wormlike Micelles Profiled by Contrast Variation Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

Structural studies of wormlike micelles have so far mostly focused on the conformational properties of surfactant aggregates. The diffuse ionic atmosphere, which has a profound influence on various micellization phenomena such as thermodynamic stability and structural polymorphism, remains largely unexplored experimentally. In this report a strategy of contrast variation small-angle neutron scattering for this crucial structural study is outlined. Underlined by a general criterion established for unbiasedly identifying the length scale relevant to charge association from the spectral evolution, our analytical framework can provide a quantitative description of counterion distribution in a mathematically tractable manner. Our method can be conveniently extended to facilitate structural studies of complex multicomponent systems using contrast variation neutron scattering.

Self-assembly of the cationic surfactant n-hexadecyl-trimethylammonium chloride in methyltrimethoxysilane aqueous solution: classical and reactive molecular dynamics simulations

A flexible aerogel polymerized from methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) shows great promise as a high-performance insulator owing to its substantially low thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility, attributed to its porous microstructure and organic-inorganic hybridization, respectively, which promote its industrial applications. Conventionally, the cationic surfactant n-hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) is utilized to experimentally control the nanoscale microstructure and, consequently, the flexibility of the MTMS aerogel; however, the mechanism through which CTAC prevents MTMS aggregation in the solution is not yet fully understood. This study unravels the role of CTAC in preventing MTMS aggregation in aqueous solution using both classical and reactive molecular dynamics simulations. We found that CTAC molecules can form self-aggregates even when the polymerization of MTMS progresses and then the MTMS-derived oligomer turns to be hydrophobic in aqueous solution. In summary, the self-assemblies of CTAC disperse among the MTMS associations and effectively prevent MTMS clustering, and this is considered as the key mechanism underlying the formation of a flexible microstructure of the hybrid aerogel.

The effect of anion on aggregation of amino acid ionic liquid: Atomistic simulation

Aggregation behavior of dodecyl betaine chloride [DB][Cl], as an amino acid ionic liquid, and dodecyl betaine N-acetyl glycinate [DB][AG], as a bio ionic liquid, in aqueous media was studied through molecular dynamics simulation. The aggregating was investigated by radial distribution function, coordination numbers, and hydrogen bond numbers. The results demonstrated the hydrogen bond between [DB]⁺ and [AG]^- that leads to aggregation. The number of hydrogen bonds of [DB][AG] is greater than [DB][Cl] and causes a decrease in the gradient of the mean square displacement, thereby the diffusion coefficient of cation, anion, and water in [DB][AG]. The results point to a stable aggregation of [DB][AG] which is in agreement with the results of root mean square deviations. The aggregation number for [DB][AG] is 50 and 44 for [DB][Cl]. Computing the radius of gyration and geometrical radius shows that the aggregation size is 23.0 Å and 26.4 Å for [DB][AG] and [DB][Cl], respectively. It was also observed that the shape of the aggregates is quasi-spherical that points to a sub-diffusive regime.

Assessing the transferability of common top-down and bottom-up coarse-grained molecular models for molecular mixtures

Assessing the performance of top-down and bottom-up coarse-graining approaches.

Effect of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Surfactant on Methane Hydrate Formation: A Molecular Dynamics Study

In experimental studies, it has been observed that the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) significantly increases the kinetics of hydrate formation and the final water-to-hydrate conversion ratio. In this study, we intend to understand the molecular mechanism behind the effect of SDS on the formation of methane hydrate through molecular dynamics simulation. Hydrate formation conditions similar to that of laboratory experiments were chosen to study hydrate growth kinetics in 1 wt % SDS solution. We also investigate the effect of interactions with isolated SDS molecules on methane hydrate growth. It was observed that the hydrophobic tail part of the SDS molecule favorably interacts with the growing hydrate surface and may occupy the partial hydrate cages while the head groups remain exposed to water.

Explicit- and implicit-solvent simulations of micellization in surfactant solutions

In this article, we focus on simulation methodologies to obtain the critical micelle concentration (cmc) and equilibrium distribution of aggregate sizes in dilute surfactant solutions. Even though it is now relatively easy to obtain micellar aggregates in simulations starting from a fully dispersed state, several major challenges remain. In particular, the characteristic times of micelle reorganization and transfer of monomers from micelles to free solution for most systems of practical interest exceed currently accessible molecular dynamics time scales for atomistic surfactant models in explicit solvent. In addition, it is impractical to simulate highly dilute systems near the cmc. We have demonstrated a strong dependence of the free surfactant concentration (frequently, but incorrectly, taken to represent the cmc in simulations) on the overall concentration for ionic surfactants. We have presented a theoretical framework for making the necessary extrapolations to the cmc. We find that currently available atomistic force fields systematically underpredict experimental cmc's, pointing to the need for the development of improved models. For strongly micellizing systems that exhibit strong hysteresis, implicit-solvent grand canonical Monte Carlo simulations represent an appealing alternative to atomistic or coarse-grained, explicit-solvent simulations. We summarize an approach that can be used to obtain quantitative, transferrable effective interactions and illustrate how this grand canonical approach can be used to interpret experimental scattering results.

Kinetic modeling of self-aggregation in solutions with coexisting spherical and cylindrical micelles at arbitrary initial conditions

The whole picture of evolution of coexisting spherical and cylindrical micelles has been described for initial states far from equilibrium.