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Cosnier F, Seidel C, Valentino S, Schmid O, Bau S, Vogel U, Devoy J, Gaté L. Retained particle surface area dose drives inflammation in rat lungs following acute, subacute, and subchronic inhalation of nanomaterials. Part Fibre Toxicol 2021; 18:29. [PMID: 34353337 PMCID: PMC8340536 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-021-00419-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An important aspect of nanomaterial (NM) risk assessment is establishing relationships between physicochemical properties and key events governing the toxicological pathway leading to adverse outcomes. The difficulty of NM grouping can be simplified if the most toxicologically relevant dose metric is used to assess the toxicological dose-response. Here, we thoroughly investigated the relationship between acute and chronic inflammation (based on polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx (% PMN) in lung bronchoalveolar lavage) and the retained surface area in the lung. Inhalation studies were performed in rats with three classes of NMs: titanium dioxides (TiO2) and carbon blacks (CB) as poorly soluble particles of low toxicity (PSLT), and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). We compared our results to published data from nearly 30 rigorously selected articles. Results This analysis combined data specially generated for this work on three benchmark materials - TiO2 P25, the CB Printex-90 and the MWCNT MWNT-7 - following subacute (4-week) inhalation with published data relating to acute (1-week) to subchronic (13-week) inhalation exposure to the classes of NMs considered. Short and long post-exposure recovery times (immediately after exposure up to more than 6 months) allowed us to examine both acute and chronic inflammation. A dose-response relationship across short-term and long-term studies was revealed linking pulmonary retained surface area dose (measured or estimated) and % PMN. This relationship takes the form of sigmoid curves, and is independent of the post-exposure time. Curve fitting equations depended on the class of NM considered, and sometimes on the duration of exposure. Based on retained surface area, long and thick MWCNTs (few hundred nm long with an aspect ratio greater than 25) had a higher inflammatory potency with 5 cm2/g lung sufficient to trigger an inflammatory response (at 6% PMN), whereas retained surfaces greater than 150 cm2/g lung were required for PSLT. Conclusions Retained surface area is a useful metric for hazard grouping purposes. This metric would apply to both micrometric and nanometric materials, and could obviate the need for direct measurement in the lung. Indeed, it could alternatively be estimated from dosimetry models using the aerosol parameters (rigorously determined following a well-defined aerosol characterization strategy). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12989-021-00419-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Cosnier
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France.
| | - Carole Seidel
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Sarah Valentino
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Biology and Disease, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Munich (CPC-M) - Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Sébastien Bau
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Ulla Vogel
- National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Lersø Parkallé 105, DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Health Technology by DTU Food, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jérôme Devoy
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Gaté
- Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, 1 Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519, Vandœuvre-les-Nancy Cedex, France
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles oral exposure to pregnant rats and its distribution. Part Fibre Toxicol 2019; 16:31. [PMID: 31319864 PMCID: PMC6639912 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-019-0313-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles are among the most manufactured nanomaterials in the industry, and are used in food products, toothpastes, cosmetics and paints. Pregnant women as well as their conceptuses may be exposed to TiO2 nanoparticles; however, the potential effects of these nanoparticles during pregnancy are controversial, and their internal distribution has not been investigated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the potential effects of oral exposure to TiO2 nanoparticles and their distribution during pregnancy. TiO2 nanoparticles were orally administered to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (12 females per group) from gestation days (GDs) 6 to 19 at dosage levels of 0, 100, 300 and 1000 mg/kg/day, and then cesarean sections were conducted on GD 20. Results In the maternal and embryo-fetal examinations, there were no marked toxicities in terms of general clinical signs, body weight, food consumption, organ weights, macroscopic findings, cesarean section parameters and fetal morphological examinations. In the distribution analysis, titanium contents were increased in the maternal liver, maternal brain and placenta after exposure to high doses of TiO2 nanoparticles. Conclusion Oral exposure to TiO2 during pregnancy increased the titanium concentrations in the maternal liver, maternal brain and placenta, but these levels did not induce marked toxicities in maternal animals or affect embryo-fetal development. These results could be used to evaluate the human risk assessment of TiO2 nanoparticle oral exposure during pregnancy, and additional comprehensive toxicity studies are deemed necessary considering the possibility of complex exposure scenarios and the various sizes of TiO2 nanoparticles.
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Xu F. Review of analytical studies on TiO 2 nanoparticles and particle aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 212:662-677. [PMID: 30173113 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely used in industrial and consumer products. Comprehensive and accurate detection, characterization, and quantification of TiO2 NPs are important for understanding the specific property, behavior, fate, and potential risk of TiO2 NPs in natural and engineered environments. This review provides a summary of recent analytical studies of TiO2 NPs and their aggregation, coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, stabilization under a wide range of conditions and processes. Much attention is paid on sample preparation prior to an analytical procedure, analysis of particle size, morphology, structure, state, chemical composition, surface properties, etc., via measurements of light scattering and zeta potential, microscopy, spectroscopy, and related techniques. Recently, some advanced techniques have also been explored to characterize TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in the environment. Many issues must be considered including distinction between engineered TiO2 NPs and their naturally occurring counterparts, lack of reference materials, interlaboratory comparison, when analyzing low concentrations of TiO2 NPs and their behaviors in complex matrices. No "ideal" technique has emerged as each technique has its own merits, biases, and limitations. Multi-method approach is highlighted to provide in-depth information. Improvements of analytical method for determination of TiO2 NPs have been recommended to be together with exposure modelers and ecotoxicologists for maximum individual and mutual benefit. Future work should focus on developing analytical technology with the advantages of being reliable, sensitive, selective, reproducible, and capable of in situ detection in complicated sample system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Xu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599-7431, USA.
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Sironval V, Reylandt L, Chaurand P, Ibouraadaten S, Palmai-Pallag M, Yakoub Y, Ucakar B, Rose J, Poleunis C, Vanbever R, Marbaix E, Lison D, van den Brule S. Respiratory hazard of Li-ion battery components: elective toxicity of lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO 2) particles in a mouse bioassay. Arch Toxicol 2018; 92:1673-1684. [PMID: 29550861 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-018-2188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable Li-ion batteries (LIB) are increasingly produced and used worldwide. LIB electrodes are made of micrometric and low solubility particles, consisting of toxicologically relevant elements. The health hazard of these materials is not known. Here, we investigated the respiratory hazard of three leading LIB components (LiFePO4 or LFP, Li4Ti5O12 or LTO, and LiCoO2 or LCO) and their mechanisms of action. Particles were characterized physico-chemically and elemental bioaccessibility was documented. Lung inflammation and fibrotic responses, as well as particle persistence and ion bioavailability, were assessed in mice after aspiration of LIB particles (0.5 or 2 mg); crystalline silica (2 mg) was used as reference. Acute inflammatory lung responses were recorded with the 3 LIB particles and silica, LCO being the most potent. Inflammation persisted 2 m after LFP, LCO and silica, in association with fibrosis in LCO and silica lungs. LIB particles persisted in the lungs after 2 m. Endogenous iron co-localized with cobalt in LCO lungs, indicating the formation of ferruginous bodies. Fe and Co ions were detected in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluids of LFP and LCO lungs, respectively. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) -1α, a marker of fibrosis and of the biological activity of Co ions, was upregulated in LCO and silica lungs. This study identified, for the first time, the respiratory hazard of LIB particles. LCO was at least as potent as crystalline silica to induce lung inflammation and fibrosis. Iron and cobalt, but not lithium, ions appear to contribute to LFP and LCO toxicity, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Violaine Sironval
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Laurence Reylandt
- Institute of Mechanics, Materials and Civil Engineering, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Sainte Barbe, 2, bte L5.02.02, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Perrine Chaurand
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Avenue Louis Philibert, 13090, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Saloua Ibouraadaten
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mihaly Palmai-Pallag
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yousof Yakoub
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Ucakar
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, bte B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jérôme Rose
- CEREGE, Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, IRD, Collège de France, Avenue Louis Philibert, 13090, Aix en Provence, France
| | - Claude Poleunis
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, bte L4.01.10, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Rita Vanbever
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Mounier 73, bte B1.73.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Etienne Marbaix
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 75, bte B1.75.02, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Lison
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sybille van den Brule
- Louvain centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Avenue E. Mounier 52, bte B1.52.12, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Koller D, Bramhall P, Devoy J, Goenaga-Infante H, Harrington CF, Leese E, Morton J, Nuñez S, Rogers J, Sampson B, Powell JJ. Analysis of soluble or titanium dioxide derived titanium levels in human whole blood: consensus from an inter-laboratory comparison. Analyst 2018; 143:5520-5529. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00824h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to titanium (Ti),viathe ingestion of pigment grade Ti dioxide (TiO2), is commonplace for westernised populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Koller
- Biomineral Research Group
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
| | - P. Bramhall
- University Hospital of Wales TRACE ELEMENT LABORATORY
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - J. Devoy
- INRS
- Unité de Génération d'atmosphères et de Chimie Analytique Toxicologique
- 54519 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy
- France
| | | | | | - E. Leese
- Health and Safety Executive
- Biological Monitoring
- Buxton
- UK
| | - J. Morton
- Health and Safety Executive
- Biological Monitoring
- Buxton
- UK
| | - S. Nuñez
- LGC Limited
- Inorganic Analysis
- Teddington
- UK
| | - J. Rogers
- University Hospital of Wales TRACE ELEMENT LABORATORY
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology
- Cardiff
- UK
| | - B. Sampson
- Charing Cross Hospital
- SAS Trace Element Laboratory
- London
- UK
| | - J. J. Powell
- Biomineral Research Group
- Department of Veterinary Medicine
- University of Cambridge
- Cambridge
- UK
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Brain Inflammation, Blood Brain Barrier dysfunction and Neuronal Synaptophysin Decrease after Inhalation Exposure to Titanium Dioxide Nano-aerosol in Aging Rats. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12196. [PMID: 28939873 PMCID: PMC5610323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12404-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding potential neurotoxicity of inhaled titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), the toxicokinetics and consequences on blood-brain barrier (BBB) function remain poorly characterized. To improve risk assessment, we need to evaluate the impact on BBB under realistic environmental conditions and take into account vulnerability status such as age. 12-13 week and 19-month-old male rats were exposed by inhalation to 10 mg/m3 of TiO2 nano-aerosol (6 hrs/day, 5 day/week, for 4 weeks). We showed an age-dependent modulation of BBB integrity parameters suggesting increased BBB permeability in aging rats. This alteration was associated with a significant increase of cytokines/chemokines in the brain, including interleukin-1β, interferon-γ, and fractalkine as well as a decreased expression of synaptophysin, a neuronal activity marker. These observations, in absence of detectable titanium in the brain suggest that CNS-related effects are mediated by systemic-pathway. Moreover, observations in terms of BBB permeability and brain inflammation underline age susceptibility. Even if TiO2 NPs were not evidenced in the brain, we observed an association between the exposure to TiO2 NPs and the dysregulation of BBB physiology associated with neuroinflammation and decreased expression of neuronal activity marker, which was further exacerbated in the brain of aged animal's.
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Gaté L, Disdier C, Cosnier F, Gagnaire F, Devoy J, Saba W, Brun E, Chalansonnet M, Mabondzo A. Biopersistence and translocation to extrapulmonary organs of titanium dioxide nanoparticles after subacute inhalation exposure to aerosol in adult and elderly rats. Toxicol Lett 2017; 265:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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