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Borham A, Haroun M, Saleh IA, Zomot N, Okla MK, Askar M, Elmasry M, Elshahat A, Liu L, Zhao C, Wang J, Qian X. A statistical optimization for almost-complete methylene blue biosorption by Gracilaria bursa-pastoris. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34972. [PMID: 39145033 PMCID: PMC11320206 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the dried biomass of four marine algae, namely Porphyra sp., Gracilaria bursa-pastoris, Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria sp., were screened for their ability to remove methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solutions. Statistical approaches of the Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) and Box-Behnken Design (BBD) were applied to optimize different environmental conditions in order to achieve the maximum MB removal percentage by Gracilaria bursa-pastoris. The biosorbent was characterized before and after adsorption process using FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis. Additionally, isotherms, kinetics and thermodynamics studies were conducted to investigate the adsorption behavior of the adsorbent. The results showed that Gracilaria bursa-pastoris achieved the highest dye removal efficiency (98.5 %) compared to 96.5 %, 93.5 % and 93.9 % for Undaria pinnatifida, Porphyra sp. and Laminaria sp., respectively. PBD analysis revealed that the agitation speed, pH, and biomass dose were found to be the significant parameters affecting MB removal onto Gracilaria dried biomass. According to the BBD results, the maximum dye removal percentage (99.68 %) was obtained at agitation speed of 132 rpm, pH 7 and biomass dose of 7.5 g/L. FTIR, XRD and SEM analysis demonstrated the participation of several functional groups in the adsorption process and changes in the cell surface morphology of the adsorbent following the dye adsorption. The adsorption isotherms showed better fit to Freundlich model (R2 = 0.9891) than the Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. The adsorption kinetics were best described by the pseudo-second-order model (R2 = 0.9999), suggesting the chemical interactions between dye ions and the algal biomass. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of MB onto Gracilaria dried biomass was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic and random. These results indicate that dried biomass of Gracilaria bursa-pastoris is an attractive, environmentally friendly, cheap and effective agent for MB dye removal from environmental discharges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Borham
- Agricultural Products Safety and Environment, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
- Key Laboratory of Cultivated Land Quality Monitoring and Evaluation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
- Agricultural Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Haroun
- Agricultural Products Safety and Environment, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | | | - Naser Zomot
- Faculty of Science, Zarqa University, Zarqa, 13110, Jordan
| | - Mohammad K. Okla
- Botany and Microbiology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mofeed Askar
- Economic Entomology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Damietta University, Egypt
| | - Mohamad Elmasry
- Animal Production Research Institute (APRI), Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Egypt
| | - Abdelmonem Elshahat
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Juanjuan Wang
- Agricultural Products Safety and Environment, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Xiaoqing Qian
- Agricultural Products Safety and Environment, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
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Xhanari K, Finšgar M. Recent advances in the modification of electrodes for trace metal analysis: a review. Analyst 2023; 148:5805-5821. [PMID: 37697964 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01252b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
This review paper summarizes the research published in the last five years on using different compounds and/or materials as modifiers for electrodes employed in trace heavy metal analysis. The main groups of modifiers are identified, and their single or combined application on the surface of the electrodes is discussed. Nanomaterials, film-forming substances, and polymers are among the most used compounds employed mainly in the modification of glassy carbon, screen-printed, and carbon paste electrodes. Composites composed of several compounds and/or materials have also found growing interest in the development of modified electrodes. Environmentally friendly substances and natural products (mainly biopolymers and plant extracts) have continued to be included in the modification of electrodes for trace heavy metal analysis. The main analytical performance parameters of the modified electrodes as well as possible interferences affecting the determination of the target analytes, are discussed. Finally, a critical evaluation of the main findings from these studies and an outlook discussing possible improvements in this area of research are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klodian Xhanari
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
- University of Tirana, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Boulevard "Zogu I", 1001 Tirana, Albania
| | - Matjaž Finšgar
- University of Maribor, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
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Statistical optimization of textile dye effluent adsorption by Gracilaria edulis using Plackett-Burman design and response surface methodology. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05219. [PMID: 33088969 PMCID: PMC7566099 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Statistical optimization models were employed to optimize the adsorption of textile dye effluent onto Gracilaria edulis. Significant factors responsible for adsorption were determined using Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and were time, pH, and dye concentration. Box-Behnken (BB) design was used for further optimization. The predicted and the experimental values were found to be in good agreement, the coefficient of determination value 0.9935 and adjusted coefficient of determination value 0.9818 indicated that the model was significant. The results of predicted response optimization showed that maximum decolorization could be attained with time 131.51 min, pH 7.48, and dye concentration 23.13%. The model was validated experimentally with 92.65% decolorization efficiency. The experiment was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution scanning electron microscope coupled with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (HR-SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction spectrometry (XRD) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and pore size analysis techniques. Desorption studies at various pH (2–14) were performed and a maximum of 23% of the dye was recovered from the adsorbed biomass.
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