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Starkova Z, Ilyushenkova V, Polovkov N, Voskressenskaya D, Pikovskoi I, Tebenikhin M, Vtorushina E, Kanateva A, Borisov R, Zaikin V. The Use of Polydialkylsiloxanes/Triflic Acid as Derivatization Agents in the Analysis of Sulfur-Containing Aromatics by "Soft"-Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238600. [PMID: 36500695 PMCID: PMC9739198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic sulfur-containing compounds are widely distributed in oil, especially in its low-volatile and heavy fractions (resins, asphaltenes), and this dictates the need for their determination when reliable methods for sulfur removing, cleaning and processing oil are developed. In these cases, "soft" ionization mass spectrometry methods, based on electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), are particularly effective. However, aromatic sulfur-containing compounds have low polarity and cannot be readily ionized by these methods. To overcome the problem, their preliminary conversion into sulfonium salts by the action of alkyl iodides and a silver-containing agent is widely used. In the process of developing more economical derivatization methods, we found a rather unexpected possibility of implementing S-alkylation of organic sulfides with commercial polydialkylsiloxanes (alkyl = CH3 or C2H5) in the presence of triflic acid (CF3SO3H) as a superacid co-alkylating agent. For homologous dibenzothiophenes as a typical model representative of petroleum sulfur-containing aromatic compounds, ESI and MALDI mass spectra exhibited the signals of corresponding S-alkylsulfonium salts with a high signal-to-noise ratio. A rational mechanism for the described chemical transformation is proposed, including the indispensable activation by triflic acid and the cleavage of the Si-C bond. Specific collision-induced dissociation of corresponding S-alkylated sulfonium cations is considered. The applicability of the derivatization approach to the analysis of petroleum products by high-resolution mass spectrometry is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanna Starkova
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Ilyushenkova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Leninsky Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nikolay Polovkov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria Voskressenskaya
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Pikovskoi
- Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 17 nab.Severnoy Dviny, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Mikhail Tebenikhin
- Institute of Medicine, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ella Vtorushina
- V.I. Shpilman Research and Analytical Center for the Rational Use of the Subsoil, 2 Studencheskaya Str., 628007 Khanty-Mansiysk, Russia
| | - Anastasiia Kanateva
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Core Facility Center ‘Arktika’, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, 17 nab.Severnoy Dviny, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
- Department of Plastics, D. Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, 9 Miusskaya Pl., 125047 Moscow, Russia
- Organic Chemistry Department, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Miklukho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Vladimir Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, 29 Leninskiy Prosp., 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Starkova ZE, Polovkov NY, Kanateva AY, Borisov RS, Zaikin VG. Isomeriс Effects in the Mass Spectra of Stimulated Dissociation of Sulfonium Cations Desorbed from S-Alkylated Thiacyclanes under MALDI Conditions: A Convenient Method for the Derivatization of Sulfides with Alkyl Formates. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822130032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zaikin VG, Borisov RS. Options of the Main Derivatization Approaches for Analytical ESI and MALDI Mass Spectrometry. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1287-1342. [PMID: 33557614 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1873100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of preliminary chemical labeling (derivatization) in the analysis process by such powerful and widespread methods as electrospray ionization (ESI) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) is a popular and widely used methodological approach. This is due to the need to remove some fundamental limitations inherent in these powerful analytic methods. Although a number of special reviews has been published discussing the utilization of derivatization approaches, the purpose of the present critical review is to comprehensively summarize, characterize and evaluate most of the previously developed and practically applied, as well as recently proposed representative derivatization reagents for ESI-MS and MALDI-MS platforms in their mostly sensitive positive ion mode and frequently hyphenated with separation techniques. The review is focused on the use of preliminary chemical labeling to facilitate the detection, identification, structure elucidation, quantification, profiling or MS imaging of compounds within complex matrices. Two main derivatization approaches, namely the introduction of permanent charge-fixed or highly proton affinitive residues into analytes are critically evaluated. In situ charge-generation, charge-switch and charge-transfer derivatizations are considered separately. The potential of using reactive matrices in MALDI-MS and chemical labeling in MS-based omics sciences is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir G Zaikin
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Roman S Borisov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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