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Zhang C, Li S, Tang L, Li S, Hu C, Zhang D, Chao L, Liu X, Tan Y, Deng Y. Ultrasensitive, Label-Free Voltammetric Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate Based on Poly-l-lysine/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-porous Graphene Nanocomposite and Molecularly Imprinted Polymers. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:121. [PMID: 38534228 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Development of an efficient technique for accurate and sensitive dibutyl phthalate (DBP) determination is crucial for food safety and environment protection. An ultrasensitive molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) voltammetric sensor was herein engineered for the specific determination of DBP using poly-l-lysine/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/porous graphene nanocomposite (PLL/PEDOT-PG) and poly(o-phenylenediamine)-imprinted film as a label-free and sensing platform. Fabrication of PEDOT-PG nanocomposites was achieved through a simple liquid-liquid interfacial polymerization. Subsequently, poly-l-lysine (PLL) functionalization was employed to enhance the dispersibility and stability of the prepared PEDOT-PG, as well as promote its adhesion on the sensor surface. In the presence of DBP, the imprinted poly(o-phenylenediamine) film was formed on the surface of PLL/PEDOT-PG. Investigation of the physical properties and electrochemical behavior of the MIP/PLL/PEDOT-PG indicates that the incorporation of PG into PEDOT, with PLL uniformly wrapping its surface, significantly enhanced conductivity, carrier mobility, stability, and provided a larger surface area for specific recognition sites. Under optimal experimental conditions, the electrochemical response exhibited a linear relationship with a logarithm of DBP concentration within the range of 1 fM to 5 µM, with the detection limit as low as 0.88 fM. The method demonstrated exceptional stability and repeatability and has been successfully applied to quantify DBP in plastic packaging materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxiang Zhang
- College of Packing and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Song Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Lingxiao Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Shuo Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Changchun Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- College of Packing and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Long Chao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xueying Liu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yimin Tan
- College of Packing and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yan Deng
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Biomedical Nanomaterials and Devices, College of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Mukhametova LI, Karimova MR, Zharikova OG, Pirogov AV, Levkina VV, Chichkanova ES, Liu L, Xu C, Eremin SA. Detection of Dibutyl Phthalate in Surface Water by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:1005. [PMID: 38131765 PMCID: PMC10741632 DOI: 10.3390/bios13121005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is widely used as a plasticizer in the production of polymeric materials to give them flexibility, strength and extensibility. However, due to its negative impact on human health, in particular reproductive functions and fetal development, the content of DBP must be controlled in food and the environment. The present study aims to develop a sensitive, fast and simple fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) using monoclonal antibodies derived against DBP (MAb-DBP) for its detection in open waters. New conjugates of DBP with various fluorescein derivatives were obtained and characterized: 5-aminomethylfluorescein (AMF) and dichlorotriazinylaminofluorescein (DTAF). The advantages of using the DBP-AMF conjugate in the FPIA method are shown, the kinetics of binding of this chemical with antibodies are studied, the analysis is optimized, and the concentration of monoclonal antibodies is selected for sensitivity analysis-16 nM. The calibration dependence of the fluorescence polarization signal for the detection of DBP was obtained. The observed IC50 (DBP concentration at which a 50% decrease in the fluorescence polarization signal occurs, 40 ng/mL) and the limit of detection (LOD, 7.5 ng/mL) values were improved by a factor of 45 over the previously described FPIA using polyclonal antibodies. This technique was tested by the recovery method, and the high percentage of DBP discovery in water ranged from 85 to 110%. Using the developed method, real water samples from Lake Onega were tested, and a good correlation was shown between the results of the determination of DBP by the FPIA method and GC-MS. Thus, the FPIA method developed in this work can be used to determine DBP in open-water reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliya I. Mukhametova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskie Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | - Madina R. Karimova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Olga G. Zharikova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Andrey V. Pirogov
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Valentina V. Levkina
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Chichkanova
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
| | - Liqiang Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China (C.X.)
| | - Chuanlai Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, China (C.X.)
| | - Sergei A. Eremin
- Faculty of Chemistry, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.M.); (O.G.Z.); (A.V.P.); (V.V.L.); (E.S.C.)
- A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry, Research Center of Biotechnology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskie Prospect 33, 119071 Moscow, Russia
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Labra-Vázquez P, Gressier M, Rioland G, Menu MJ. A review on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors for the detection of phthalates. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1282:341828. [PMID: 37923401 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2023.341828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Phthalic acid esters, largely referred to as phthalates, are today acknowledged as important pollutants used in the manufacture of polyvinyl chloride (PVC)-based plastics, whose use extends to almost every aspect of modern life. The risk of exposure to phthalates is particularly relevant as high concentrations are regularly found in drinking water, food-contact materials and medical devices, motivating an immense body of research devoted to methods for their detection in liquid samples. Conversely, phthalate vapors have only recently been acknowledged as potentially important atmospheric pollutants and as early fire indicators; additionally, deposition of these vapors can pose significant problems to the proper functioning of spacecraft and diverse on-board devices, leading to major space agencies recognizing the need of developing vapor-responsive phthalate sensors. In this manuscript we present a literature survey on solution- and vapor-responsive sensors and analytical assays for the detection of phthalates, providing a detailed analysis of a vast array of analytical data to offer a clear idea on the analytical performance (limits of detection and quantification, linear range) and advantages provided by each class of sensor covered in this review (electrochemical, optical and vapor-responsive) in the context of their potential real-life applications; the manuscript also gives detailed fundamental information on the various physicochemical responses exploited by these sensors and assays that could potentially be harnessed by new researchers entering the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Labra-Vázquez
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
| | - Marie Gressier
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France
| | - Guillaume Rioland
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales, DTN/QE/LE, 31401, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Joëlle Menu
- CIRIMAT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Toulouse 3 - Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
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Berlina AN, Ragozina MY, Komova NS, Serebrennikova KV, Zherdev AV, Dzantiev BB. Development of Lateral Flow Test-System for the Immunoassay of Dibutyl Phthalate in Natural Waters. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1002. [PMID: 36354511 PMCID: PMC9688391 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The use of a large amount of toxic synthetic materials leads to an increase in the pollution of environmental objects. Phthalates are compounds structurally related to esters of phthalic acid that are widely used in the manufacturing of synthetic packaging materials as plasticizers. Their danger is conditioned by leaching into the environment and penetrating into living organisms with negative consequences and effects on various organs and tissues. This work presents the first development of lateral flow immunoassay to detect dibutyl phthalate, one of the most common representatives of the phthalates group. To form a test zone, a hapten-protein conjugate was synthesized, and gold nanoparticles conjugated with antibodies to dibutyl phthalate were used as a detecting conjugate. The work includes the preparation of immunoreagents, selectivity investigation, and the study of the characteristics of the medium providing a reliable optical signal. Under the selected conditions for the analysis, the detection limit was 33.4 ng/mL, and the working range of the determined concentrations was from 42.4 to 1500 ng/mL. Time of the assay-15 min. The developed technique was successfully applied to detect dibutyl phthalate in natural waters with recovery rates from 75 to 115%.
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