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Kurtova AI, Finoshin AD, Aparina MS, Gazizova GR, Kozlova OS, Voronova SN, Shagimardanova EI, Ivashkin EG, Voronezhskaya EE. Expanded expression of pro-neurogenic factor SoxB1 during larval development of gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis suggests preadaptation to prolonged neurogenesis in Mollusca. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1346610. [PMID: 38638695 PMCID: PMC11024475 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1346610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The remarkable diversity observed in the structure and development of the molluscan nervous system raises intriguing questions regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis in Mollusca. The expression of SoxB family transcription factors plays a pivotal role in neuronal development, thereby offering valuable insights into the strategies of neurogenesis. Methods In this study, we conducted gene expression analysis focusing on SoxB-family transcription factors during early neurogenesis in the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis. We employed a combination of hybridization chain reaction in situ hybridization (HCR-ISH), immunocytochemistry, confocal microscopy, and cell proliferation assays to investigate the spatial and temporal expression patterns of LsSoxB1 and LsSoxB2 from the gastrula stage to hatching, with particular attention to the formation of central ring ganglia. Results Our investigation reveals that LsSoxB1 demonstrates expanded ectodermal expression from the gastrula to the hatching stage, whereas expression of LsSoxB2 in the ectoderm ceases by the veliger stage. LsSoxB1 is expressed in the ectoderm of the head, foot, and visceral complex, as well as in forming ganglia and sensory cells. Conversely, LsSoxB2 is mostly restricted to the subepithelial layer and forming ganglia cells during metamorphosis. Proliferation assays indicate a uniform distribution of dividing cells in the ectoderm across all developmental stages, suggesting the absence of distinct neurogenic zones with increased proliferation in gastropods. Discussion Our findings reveal a spatially and temporally extended pattern of SoxB1 expression in a gastropod representative compared to other lophotrochozoan species. This prolonged and widespread expression of SoxB genes may be interpreted as a form of transcriptional neoteny, representing a preadaptation to prolonged neurogenesis. Consequently, it could contribute to the diversification of nervous systems in gastropods and lead to an increase in the complexity of the central nervous system in Mollusca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia I. Kurtova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander D. Finoshin
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Margarita S. Aparina
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Guzel R. Gazizova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Olga S. Kozlova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Svetlana N. Voronova
- Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena I. Shagimardanova
- Regulatory Genomics Research Center, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Life Improvement by Future Technologies Center “LIFT”, Moscow, Russia
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny G. Ivashkin
- Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Voronezhskaya EE. Serotonin as a volume transmission signal in the “simple nervous system” of mollusks: From axonal guidance to behavioral orchestration. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2022; 14:1024778. [DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2022.1024778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Gilbert E, Teeling C, Lebedeva T, Pedersen S, Chrismas N, Genikhovich G, Modepalli V. Molecular and cellular architecture of the larval sensory organ in the cnidarian Nematostella vectensis. Development 2022; 149:276422. [PMID: 36000354 PMCID: PMC9481973 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cnidarians are the only non-bilaterian group to evolve ciliated larvae with an apical sensory organ, which is possibly homologous to the apical organs of bilaterian primary larvae. Here, we generated transcriptomes of the apical tissue in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis and showed that it has a unique neuronal signature. By integrating previously published larval single-cell data with our apical transcriptomes, we discovered that the apical domain comprises a minimum of six distinct cell types. We show that the apical organ is compartmentalised into apical tuft cells (spot) and larval-specific neurons (ring). Finally, we identify ISX-like (NVE14554), a PRD class homeobox gene specifically expressed in apical tuft cells, as an FGF signalling-dependent transcription factor responsible for the formation of the apical tuft domain via repression of the neural ring fate in apical cells. With this study, we contribute a comparison of the molecular anatomy of apical organs, which must be carried out across phyla to determine whether this crucial larval structure evolved once or multiple times. Summary:ISX-like homeobox gene is an FGF signalling-dependent transcription factor responsible for the formation of the apical tuft in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Gilbert
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth 2 , Plymouth, PL4 8AA , UK
| | - Callum Teeling
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth 2 , Plymouth, PL4 8AA , UK
| | - Tatiana Lebedeva
- University of Vienna 3 Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences , , Vienna, 1030 , Austria
- Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, University of Vienna 4 , Vienna, 1030 , Austria
| | - Siffreya Pedersen
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
| | - Nathan Chrismas
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
| | - Grigory Genikhovich
- University of Vienna 3 Department of Neurosciences and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences , , Vienna, 1030 , Austria
| | - Vengamanaidu Modepalli
- Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory 1 , Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB , United Kingdom
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Dyakonova VE. Origin and Evolution of the Nervous System: New Data from Comparative Whole Genome Studies of Multicellular Animals. Russ J Dev Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360422010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Fofanova E, Mayorova TD, Voronezhskaya EE. Dinophiliformia early neurogenesis suggests the evolution of conservative neural structures across the Annelida phylogenetic tree. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12386. [PMID: 34966573 PMCID: PMC8667735 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing data concerning the structure of the adult nervous system in various Lophotrochozoa groups, the early events during the neurogenesis of rare and unique groups need clarification. Annelida are a diverse clade of Lophotrochozoa, and their representatives demonstrate a variety of body plans, lifestyles, and life cycles. Comparative data about the early development are available for Errantia, Sedentaria, Sipuncula, and Palaeoannelida; however, our knowledge of Dinophiliformia is currently scarce. Representatives of Dinophiliformia are small interstitial worms combining unique morphological features of different Lophotrochozoan taxa and expressing paedomorphic traits. We describe in detail the early neurogenesis of two related species: Dimorphilus gyrociliatus and Dinophilus vorticoides, from the appearance of first nerve cells until the formation of an adult body plan. In both species, the first cells were detected at the anterior and posterior regions at the early trochophore stage and demonstrated positive reactions with pan-neuronal marker anti-acetylated tubulin only. Long fibers of early cells grow towards each other and form longitudinal bundles along which differentiating neurons later appear and send their processes. We propose that these early cells serve as pioneer neurons, forming a layout of the adult nervous system. The early anterior cell of D. vorticoides is transient and present during the short embryonic period, while early anterior and posterior cells in D. gyrociliatus are maintained throughout the whole lifespan of the species. During development, the growing processes of early cells form compact brain neuropile, paired ventral and lateral longitudinal bundles; unpaired medial longitudinal bundle; and commissures in the ventral hyposphere. Specific 5-HT- and FMRFa-immunopositive neurons differentiate adjacent to the ventral bundles and brain neuropile in the middle trochophore and late trochophore stages, i.e. after the main structures of the nervous system have already been established. Processes of 5-HT- and FMRFa-positive cells constitute a small proportion of the tubulin-immunopositive brain neuropile, ventral cords, and commissures in all developmental stages. No 5-HT- and FMRFa-positive cells similar to apical sensory cells of other Lophotrochozoa were detected. We conclude that: (i) like in Errantia and Sedentaria, Dinophiliformia neurogenesis starts from the peripheral cells, whose processes prefigure the forming adult nervous system, (ii) Dinophiliformia early cells are negative to 5-HT and FMRFa antibodies like Sedentaria pioneer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta Fofanova
- Department of Comparative and Developmental Physiology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana D Mayorova
- Department of Comparative and Developmental Physiology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia.,Laboratory of Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Elena E Voronezhskaya
- Department of Comparative and Developmental Physiology, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Kumar S, Tumu SC, Helm C, Hausen H. The development of early pioneer neurons in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus. BMC Evol Biol 2020; 20:117. [PMID: 32928118 PMCID: PMC7489019 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-020-01680-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nervous system development is an interplay of many processes: the formation of individual neurons, which depends on whole-body and local patterning processes, and the coordinated growth of neurites and synapse formation. While knowledge of neural patterning in several animal groups is increasing, data on pioneer neurons that create the early axonal scaffold are scarce. Here we studied the first steps of nervous system development in the annelid Malacoceros fuliginosus. RESULTS We performed a dense expression profiling of a broad set of neural genes. We found that SoxB expression begins at 4 h postfertilization, and shortly later, the neuronal progenitors can be identified at the anterior and the posterior pole by the transient and dynamic expression of proneural genes. At 9 hpf, the first neuronal cells start differentiating, and we provide a detailed description of axonal outgrowth of the pioneer neurons that create the primary neuronal scaffold. Tracing back the clonal origin of the ventral nerve cord pioneer neuron revealed that it is a descendant of the blastomere 2d (2d221), which after 7 cleavages starts expressing Neurogenin, Acheate-Scute and NeuroD. CONCLUSIONS We propose that an anterior and posterior origin of the nervous system is ancestral in annelids. We suggest that closer examination of the first pioneer neurons will be valuable in better understanding of nervous system development in spirally cleaving animals, to determine the potential role of cell-intrinsic properties in neuronal specification and to resolve the evolution of nervous systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumar
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sharat Chandra Tumu
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Conrad Helm
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Present Address: Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Harald Hausen
- Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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Yurchenko OV, Savelieva AV, Kolotuchina NK, Voronezhskaya EE, Dyachuk VA. Peripheral sensory neurons govern development of the nervous system in bivalve larvae. EvoDevo 2019; 10:22. [PMID: 31528326 PMCID: PMC6743156 DOI: 10.1186/s13227-019-0133-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings regarding early lophotrochozoan development have altered the conventional model of neurogenesis and revealed that peripheral sensory elements play a key role in the initial organization of the larval nervous system. Here, we describe the main neurogenetic events in bivalve mollusks in comparison with other Lophotrochozoa, emphasizing a novel role for early neurons in establishing larval nervous systems and speculating about the morphogenetic function of the apical organ. We demonstrate that during bivalve development, peripheral sensory neurons utilizing various transmitters differentiate before the apical organ emerges. The first neurons and their neurites serve as a scaffold for the development of the nervous system. During veliger stage, cerebral, pleural, and visceral ganglia form along the lateral (visceral) nerve cords in anterior-to-posterior axis. The pedal ganglia and corresponding ventral (pedal) nerve cords develop much later, after larval settlement and metamorphosis. Pharmacological abolishment of the serotonin gradient within the larval body disrupts the navigation of "pioneer" axons resulting in malformation of the whole nervous system architecture. Comparative morphological data on neurogenetic events in bivalve mollusks shed new light on the origin of the nervous system, mechanisms of early axon navigation, and sequence of the tetraneurous nervous system formation. Furthermore, this information improves our understanding of the basic nervous system architecture in larval Bivalvia and Mollusca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Yurchenko
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
| | - Anna V. Savelieva
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
| | - Natalia K. Kolotuchina
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
| | - Elena E. Voronezhskaya
- N.K. Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Vyacheslav A. Dyachuk
- National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Nanophotonics and Metamaterials, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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Yurchenko OV, Skiteva OI, Voronezhskaya EE, Dyachuk VA. Nervous system development in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Front Zool 2018; 15:10. [PMID: 29681988 PMCID: PMC5896133 DOI: 10.1186/s12983-018-0259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bivalves comprise a large, highly diverse taxon of invertebrate species. Developmental studies of neurogenesis among species of Bivalvia are limited. Due to a lack of neurogenesis information, it is difficult to infer a ground pattern for Bivalvia. To provide more comprehensive morphogenetic data on bivalve molluscs and relationships among molluscan clades, we investigated neurogenesis in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, from the appearance of the first sensory cells to the formation of the larval ganglionic nervous system by co-immunocytochemistry of the neuronal markers FMRFamide or 5-HT and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Results Neurogenesis begins with the emergence of the apical serotonin-immunoreactive (5-HT-ir) sensory cells and paired sensory posttrochal dorsal and ventral FMRFamide-immunoreactive (FMRFamide-ir) cells at the early trochophore stage. Later, at the early veliger stage, the apical organ (AO) includes 5-HT-ir, FMRFamide-ir, and VAChT-ir cells. At the same stage, VAChT-ir cells appear in the posterior region of larvae and send axons towards the AO. Thus, FMRFamide-ir neurites and VAChT-ir processes form scaffolds for longitudinal neurite bundles develop into the paired ventral nerve cords (VNC). Later-appearing axons from the AO/CG neurons join the neurite bundles comprising the VNC. All larval ganglia appear along the VNC as paired or fused (epiathroid) clusters in late veliger and pediveliger larvae. We observed the transformation of the AO into the cerebral ganglia, which abundantly innervated the velum, and the transformation of ventral neurons into the pedal ganglia, innervating the foot, gills, and anterior adductor muscle. The visceral ganglia appear last in the pediveliger oyster and innervate the visceral mass and posterior adductor of premetamorphic larvae. In addition, a local FMRFamide-ir network was detected in the digestive system of pediveliger larvae. We identified VAChT-ir nervous elements in oyster larvae, which have not been observed previously in molluscs. Finally, we performed a morphology-based comparative analysis of neuronal structures among bivalve, conchiferan, and aculiferan species. Conclusions We described the development of the nervous system during the larval development in Crassostrea gigas. These data greatly advance the currently limited understanding of neurodevelopment in bivalves and mollusks, which has hampered the generation of a ground pattern reconstruction of the last common ancestor of Mollusca. Our morphological data support phylogenomic data indicating a closer Bivalvia-Gastropoda sister group relationship than the Bivalvia-Scaphopoda (Diasoma) group relationship. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12983-018-0259-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Yurchenko
- 1National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia
| | - Olga I Skiteva
- 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elena E Voronezhskaya
- 3N.K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991 Russia.,Department of Pathology, Cell biology and Biochemistry, Central Tuberculosis Research Institute, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vyacheslav A Dyachuk
- 1National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia.,5Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690950 Russia.,6Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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