1
|
Dembowski M, Rowley JE, Boland K, Droessler J, Hathcoat DA, Marchi A, Goff GS, May I. Rare earth element separations by high-speed counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2022; 1682:463528. [PMID: 36179601 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Following the initial development of High-Speed Counter-Current Chromatography (HSCCC) in the 1960s, several studies have explored its applicability in the separation of rare earth elements (REEs). More recently, however, HSCCC publications have transitioned towards the separation of natural products or pharmaceuticals, leaving the application for REEs largely unexplored from a practical standpoint. Herein, we expand upon prior work in this field by evaluating the suitability of HSCCC to separation of a subset of non-radioactive REEs (Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, and Y) at 10-4 mol levels using di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) in n-heptane as the stationary phase and hydrochloric acid as the mobile phase. First, the effect of flow rate on the stationary phase volume retention ratio and resolution of Nd/Sm/Eu subgroup was evaluated followed by optimization of step-gradient elution profiles resulting in additional recovery of Tb and Y within a seven-hour window. The five REEs were separated at the baseline resolution level or above. Elution profiles obtained from multiple runs across two independently operated columns and across independent runs were cross analyzed. Reproducibility in elution profiles point to future applications in radioelement separation chemistry, where both chemical and radiochemical purity are of importance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - John E Rowley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Mexico
| | - Kevin Boland
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - George S Goff
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Mexico
| | - Iain May
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sadler AWE, Hogan L, Fraser B, Rendina LM. Cutting edge rare earth radiometals: prospects for cancer theranostics. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2022; 7:21. [PMID: 36018527 PMCID: PMC9418400 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-022-00173-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With recent advances in novel approaches to cancer therapy and imaging, the application of theranostic techniques in personalised medicine has emerged as a very promising avenue of research inquiry in recent years. Interest has been directed towards the theranostic potential of Rare Earth radiometals due to their closely related chemical properties which allow for their facile and interchangeable incorporation into identical bifunctional chelators or targeting biomolecules for use in a diverse range of cancer imaging and therapeutic applications without additional modification, i.e. a “one-size-fits-all” approach. This review will focus on recent progress and innovations in the area of Rare Earth radionuclides for theranostic applications by providing a detailed snapshot of their current state of production by means of nuclear reactions, subsequent promising theranostic capabilities in the clinic, as well as a discussion of factors that have impacted upon their progress through the theranostic drug development pipeline. Main body In light of this interest, a great deal of research has also been focussed towards certain under-utilised Rare Earth radionuclides with diverse and favourable decay characteristics which span the broad spectrum of most cancer imaging and therapeutic applications, with potential nuclides suitable for α-therapy (149Tb), β−-therapy (47Sc, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 169Er, 149Pm, 143Pr, 170Tm), Auger electron (AE) therapy (161Tb, 135La, 165Er), positron emission tomography (43Sc, 44Sc, 149Tb, 152Tb, 132La, 133La), and single photon emission computed tomography (47Sc, 155Tb, 152Tb, 161Tb, 166Ho, 153Sm, 149Pm, 170Tm). For a number of the aforementioned radionuclides, their progression from ‘bench to bedside’ has been hamstrung by lack of availability due to production and purification methods requiring further optimisation. Conclusions In order to exploit the potential of these radionuclides, reliable and economical production and purification methods that provide the desired radionuclides in high yield and purity are required. With more reactors around the world being decommissioned in future, solutions to radionuclide production issues will likely be found in a greater focus on linear accelerator and cyclotron infrastructure and production methods, as well as mass separation methods. Recent progress towards the optimisation of these and other radionuclide production and purification methods has increased the feasibility of utilising Rare Earth radiometals in both preclinical and clinical settings, thereby placing them at the forefront of radiometals research for cancer theranostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Leena Hogan
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Benjamin Fraser
- ANSTO Life Sciences, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee, NSW, 2232, Australia
| | - Louis M Rendina
- School of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Benešová M, Reischl G. Production of radionuclides: Cyclotrons and reactors. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
4
|
Effective isolation of europium impurities from 153Sm using electro amalgamation approach based on response surface methodology. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
5
|
Naseri F, Charkhi A, Salek N, Vosoughi S. The radio-europium impurities in [153Sm]-EDTMP production: a review of isolation methods. Nucl Med Commun 2021; 42:951-963. [PMID: 34001824 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0000000000001419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Many human cancers predominantly metastasize to the bone which causes bone pain and other symptoms. However, the management of bone metastases is challenging. Radionuclide therapy using low-energy beta-emitting radionuclides has yielded encouraging results. The aim of this therapy is to deliver the maximum dose to the metastatic sites but a minimal dose to the normal tissue. Samarium-153 [153Sm]Sm-Ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate (EDTMP) is an FDA and European Medicine Agency approved (Quadramet) radionuclide and is widely used for bone pain palliation. 153Sm is reactor produced, and the presence of europium impurities is thus unavoidable. This in turn causes an increase in the hospital radioactive waste burden and in radiation absorbed doses to the patients, and therefore it is a concern. The effective removal of these impurities is thus highly desirable before its administration to the patients. In this article, we present a detailed review of the various methods described in the literature for separation of 153Sm and Eu, that is solvent extraction, ion-exchange chromatography, electrochromatography, electrochemical separation and supported ionic liquid phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sara Vosoughi
- Radiation Application Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute (NSTRI), Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perini EA, Skopchenko M, Hong TT, Harianto R, Maître A, Rodríguez MRR, de Oliveira Santos N, Guo Y, Qin X, Zeituni CA, Starovoitova VN. Pre-feasibility Study for Establishing Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Production Facilities in Developing Countries. Curr Radiopharm 2020; 12:187-200. [PMID: 30924426 DOI: 10.2174/1874471012666190328164253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A significant number of developing countries have no facilities to produce medical radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals. OBJECTIVE In this paper we show that access to life-saving radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals and the geographical distribution of corresponding infrastructure is highly unbalanced worldwide. METHODS We discuss the main issues which need to be addressed in order to establish the production of radioisotopes and radiopharmaceuticals, which are especially important for developing countries as newcomers in the field. The data was gathered from several sources, including databases maintained by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), World Health Organization (WHO), and other international organizations; personal interactions with representatives in the nuclear medicine field from different regions of the world; and relevant literature. RESULTS Developing radioisotope and radiopharmaceutical production program and installing corresponding infrastructure requires significant investments, both man-power and financial. Support already exists to help developing countries establish their medical radioisotope production installations from several organizations, such as IAEA. CONCLUSION This work clearly shows that access to life-saving radioisotopes and the geographical distribution of corresponding infrastructure is highly unbalanced. Technology transfer is important as it not only immediately benefits patients, but also provides employment, economic activity and general prosperity in the region to where the technology transfer is implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Efrain Araujo Perini
- Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitaria., 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mikhail Skopchenko
- National Nuclear Center, Institute of Radiation Safety and Ecology, 23 Building, 2 Krasnoarmeyskaya Street, 071100, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
| | - Tran Thu Hong
- Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc St., Ward 9, Dalat City, Lam Dong, Vietnam
| | - Rahmat Harianto
- Nuclear Energy Regulatory Agency (BAPETEN), North Petojo, Jl. Gajah Mada 8, RT.1/RW.2, Krukut, Tamansari, Daerah Khusus Ibukota 11120, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alexis Maître
- INVAP S.E., Avenida Comandante Luis Piedrabuena 4950, R8403CPV, Bariloche, Argentina
| | | | - Nathalia de Oliveira Santos
- Eckert & Ziegler Brasil Isotope Solution, Rua Miguel Nelsom Bechara, 480, Jardim Pereira Leite, ZIP 02712-130, Sao Paulo - SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos A Zeituni
- Institute of Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN), Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 2242, Cidade Universitaria., 05508-000, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Van de Voorde M, Van Hecke K, Binnemans K, Cardinaels T. Supported ionic liquid phases for the separation of samarium and europium in nitrate media: Towards purification of medical samarium-153. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2019.115939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
8
|
Van de Voorde M, Geboes B, Vander Hoogerstraete T, Van Hecke K, Cardinaels T, Binnemans K. Stability of europium(ii) in aqueous nitrate solutions. Dalton Trans 2019; 48:14758-14768. [PMID: 31549711 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt03139a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the lanthanide series, Eu3+ is most easily reduced to its divalent state. Reduction of Eu3+ has been studied extensively in aqueous media that are insensitive to reducing conditions. Recently, it has been reported that reduction of Eu3+ is also feasible in aqueous nitrate solutions and that Eu2+ remained sufficiently stable in these media to conduct separation experiments. However, additional fundamental research on the reduction efficiency of Eu3+ and stability of Eu2+ in these media has not been reported yet. In this paper, cyclic voltammetry, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy were used to gain more insights into the reduction of Eu3+ in aqueous nitrate media. Within the parameters used in this work, near-quantitative reduction of Eu3+ could be achieved within 120 min in highly concentrated nitrate salt solutions, using both chemical and electrochemical reduction techniques. Moreover, Eu2+ was remarkably stable in these solutions, showing just a small percentage of back-oxidation after 5 h in a sealed measurement cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Van de Voorde
- SCK·CEN, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, Institute for Nuclear Materials Science, Boeretang 200, B-2400 Mol, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radiochemical processing of nuclear-reactor-produced radiolanthanides for medical applications. Coord Chem Rev 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
10
|
Synthesis, characterization and application of a new nano-structured samarium(III) ion-imprinted polymer. Polym Bull (Berl) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-018-02672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
11
|
An electrochemical approach for removal of radionuclidic contaminants of Eu from 153 Sm for effective use in metastatic bone pain palliation. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 58:8-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
12
|
Production of 153Sm using natural samarium target in Tehran Research Reactor for radiotherapy purposes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-4782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|