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Zhu B, Gao P, Fan Y, Jin Q, Chen Z, Guo Z, Liu B. Efficient removal of U(VI) from aqueous solution using poly(amidoxime-hydroxamic acid) functionalized graphene oxide. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:24064-24076. [PMID: 38438637 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The efficient development of selective materials for uranium recovery from wastewater and seawater is crucial for the utilization of uranium resources and environmental protection. The potential of graphene oxide (GO) as an effective adsorbent for the removal of environmental contaminants has been extensively investigated. Further modification of the functional groups on the basal surface of GO can significantly enhance its adsorption performance. In this study, a novel poly(amidoxime-hydroxamic acid) functionalized graphene oxide (pAHA-GO) was synthesized via free radical polymerization followed by an oximation reaction, aiming to enhance its adsorption efficiency for U(VI). A variety of characterization techniques, including SEM, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, and XPS, were employed to demonstrate the successful decoration of amidoxime and hydroxamic acid functional groups onto GO. Meanwhile, the adsorption of U(VI) on pAHA-GO was studied as a function of contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH, ionic strength, initial U(VI) concentration, and interfering ions by batch-type experiments. The results indicated that the pAHA-GO exhibited excellent reuse capability, high stability, and anti-interference ability. Specially, the U(VI) adsorption reactions were consistent with pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isothermal adsorption models. The maximum U(VI) adsorption capacity was evaluated to be 178.7 mg/g at pH 3.6, displaying a higher U(VI) removal efficiency compared with other GO-based adsorbents in similar conditions. Regeneration of pAHA-GO did not significantly influence the adsorption towards U(VI) for up to four sequential cycles. In addition, pAHA-GO demonstrated good adsorption capacity stability when it was immersed in HNO3 solution at different concentrations (0.1-1.0 mol/L) for 72 h. pAHA-GO was also found to have anti-interference ability for U(VI) adsorption in seawater with high salt content at near-neutral pH condition. In simulated seawater, the adsorption efficiency was above 94% for U(VI) across various initial concentrations. The comprehensive characterization results demonstrated the involvement of oxygen- and nitrogen-containing functional groups in pAHA-GO in the adsorption process of U(VI). Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility of the pAHA-GO composite used for the capture of U(VI) from aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowu Zhu
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Pengyuan Gao
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Ye Fan
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qiang Jin
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
- The Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Zongyuan Chen
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Zhijun Guo
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- China MOE Frontiers Science Center for Rare Isotopes, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- The Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- School/Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
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Elbshary RE, Gouda AA, El Sheikh R, Alqahtani MS, Hanfi MY, Atia BM, Sakr AK, Gado MA. Recovery of W(VI) from Wolframite Ore Using New Synthetic Schiff Base Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087423. [PMID: 37108587 PMCID: PMC10139163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A new synthetic material, namely, (3-(((4-((5-(((S)-hydroxyhydrophosphoryl)oxy)-2-nitrobenzylidene) amino) phenyl) imino) methyl)-4-nitrophenyl hydrogen (R)-phosphonate)), was subjected to a quaternary ammonium salt and named (HNAP/QA). Several characterizations, such as FTIR spectrometry, 1H-NMR analysis, 13C-NMR analysis, 31P-NMR Analysis, TGA analysis, and GC-MS analysis, were performed to ensure its felicitous preparation. HNAP/QA is capable of the selective adsorption of W(VI) ions from its solutions and from its rock leachate. The optimum factors controlling the adsorption of W(VI) ions on the new adsorbent were studied in detail. Furthermore, kinetics and thermodynamics were studied. The adsorption reaction fits the Langmuir model. The sorption process of the W(VI) ions is spontaneous due to the negative value of ∆G° calculated for all temperatures, while the positive value of ∆H° proves that the adsorption of the W(VI) ions adsorption on HNAP/QA is endothermic. The positive value of ∆S° suggests that the adsorption occurs randomly. Ultimately, the recovery of W(IV) from wolframite ore was conducted successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rawan E Elbshary
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, El Salam City, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Ayman A Gouda
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Ragaa El Sheikh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Alqahtani
- Radiological Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
- BioImaging Unit, Space Research Centre, University of Leicester, Michael Atiyah Building, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Sciences (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Y Hanfi
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, St. Mira, 19, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Bahig M Atia
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Sakr
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Wayne State University, 5050 Anthony Wayne Drive, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mohamed A Gado
- Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, Cairo P.O. Box 530, Egypt
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Deng M, Zhao L, Wang Z, Yang P, Sun Y. Preparation of phosphoric-modified aloe vera/chitosan aerogels and their efficient adsorption of U(VI). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:33229-33242. [PMID: 36478555 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24527-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The efficient adsorption of radioactive elements from nuclear wastewater is an important research topic in the environmental field. The unique three-dimensional porous structure of aerogels has great potential in the field of adsorption. Phosphoric-modified aloe vera/chitosan aerogel (CS/AL-AP) was prepared from chitosan, phosphoric acid, and aloe powder by vacuum freeze-drying self-assembly. The maximum adsorption of uranyl ions by CS/AL-AP was found to be 322.34 mg/g at pH 6, adsorption time of 120 min, solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.125 g/L, reaction temperature of 303 K, and initial uranyl ion concentration of 50 mg/L. The adsorption process is consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model and the quasi-secondary kinetic model, indicating that the adsorption process is monolayer adsorption. The type of adsorption is mainly chemisorption. FTIR and XPS analyses indicate that the adsorption of U(VI) by CS/AL-AP results from the combined action of coordination or chelation of amino, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups. In addition, CS/AL-AP shows excellent adsorption capacity in the presence of complex co-existing ions. After five adsorption-desorption experiments, the adsorption capacity of CS/AL-AP for uranyl ions remained at a high level. It indicates that CS/AL-AP has good stability and recoverability. The results indicate that CS/AL-AP has excellent potential in the field of uranium removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhan Deng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students of University of South China-230 Institute of Nuclear Industry, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Limei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students of University of South China-230 Institute of Nuclear Industry, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Zhongchao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students of University of South China-230 Institute of Nuclear Industry, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Pengfei Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
- Joint Training Base for Postgraduate Students of University of South China-230 Institute of Nuclear Industry, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
| | - Yunkai Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213022, China
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Sahoo JK, Somu P, Narayanasamy S, Sahoo SK, Lee YR, Baalakrishnan DR, RajaSekhar Reddy NV, Rajendiran S. WITHDRAWN: Heavy metal ions and dyes removal from aqueous solution using Aloevera-based biosorbent: A systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 216:114669. [PMID: 36404520 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors, editor and publisher. The publisher regrets that an error occurred which led to the premature publication of this paper. The publisher apologizes to the readers for this unfortunate erro
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, GIET University, Gunupur, Rayagada, Odisha, 765022, India
| | - Prathap Somu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea; Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 600124, India
| | - Saranya Narayanasamy
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 600124, India
| | - Shraban Kumar Sahoo
- School of Applied Sciences, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Odisha, 752050, India
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, Republic of Korea.
| | - D R Baalakrishnan
- Institute for Science, Engineering and Technology Research, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N V RajaSekhar Reddy
- Department of Information Technology, MLR Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - S Rajendiran
- Institute for Science, Engineering and Technology Research, Tamil Nadu, India
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A. Bajaber M, H. Ragab A, Sakr AK, Atia BM, Fathy WM, Gado MA. Application of a new derivatives of traizole Schiff base on chromium recovery from its wastewater. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2022.2147440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majed A. Bajaber
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H. Ragab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K. Sakr
- Department of Geology Isotopes, Nuclear Materials Authority,Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahig M. Atia
- Department of Geology Isotopes, Nuclear Materials Authority,Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wael M. Fathy
- Faculty of Engineering, Mining and Petroleum Dept, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Gado
- Department of Geology Isotopes, Nuclear Materials Authority,Cairo, Egypt
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Masoud AM, El-Zahhar AA, El Naggar AMA, Zahran AI, Al-Hazmi GAA, Taha MH. Soya bean derived activated carbon as an efficient adsorbent for capture of valuable heavy metals from waste aqueous solution. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The removal of hazardous metal ions from liquid waste effluents is very important for water as well as environmental safety. In this regard, this article discusses in detail the U(VI) uptake from aquatic environment using biomass-based Soya Bean activated carbon (labeled as AC-SB). XRD, SEM, FTIR, Raman, and BET analysis were used to characterize the synthesized AC-SB sorbent. Batch-type experiments were used to investigate the effect of various parameters on adsorption efficiency, including pH, metal-ion concentration, temperature, and contact time. The sorption experimental data have been described well with pseudo-second-order kinetic mathematical equations. The equilibrium state of the uptake reaction was 120 min. The Langmuir isotherm model accurately described the equilibrium process which declares that the uranium sorption is a monolayer and homogeneous process. The sorption capacity of the prepared AC was 32.7 mg g−1. Thermodynamic analysis explore that the U(VI) uptake process is endothermic, feasible and spontenous process. The displayed results demonstrate that the prepared AC-SB sorbent could be used as the proper material for uranium sorption from real matrix samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Masoud
- Nuclear Materials Authority , P.O. Box 530, El Maddi , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Adel A. El-Zahhar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , Abha 9004 , Saudi Arabia
- Nuclear Chemistry Department, Hot Laboratory Center , AEA , P.O. 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. A. El Naggar
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) , 1 Ahmed El-Zomer St., Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Asmaa I. Zahran
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI) , 1 Ahmed El-Zomer St., Nasr City , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Gamil A. A. Al-Hazmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , Abha 9004 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Taha
- Nuclear Materials Authority , P.O. Box 530, El Maddi , Cairo , Egypt
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Alluhaybi AA, Alharbi A, Hameed AM, Gouda AA, Hassen FS, El-Gendy HS, Atia BM, Salem AR, Gado MA, Ene A, Awad HA, Zakaly HMH. A Novel Triazole Schiff Base Derivatives for Remediation of Chromium Contamination from Tannery Waste Water. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27165087. [PMID: 36014341 PMCID: PMC9415994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27165087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannery industries are one of the extensive industrial activities which are the major source of chromium contamination in the environment. Chromium contamination has been an increasing threat to the environment and human health. Therefore, the removal of chromium ions is necessary to save human society. This study is oriented toward the preparation of a new triazole Schiff base derivatives for the remediation of chromium ions. 4,4′-((1E)-1,2-bis ((1H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) imino)ethane-1,2-diyl) diphenol was prepared by the interaction between 3-Amino-1H-1,2,4-triazole and 4,4′-Dihydroxybenzil. Then, the produced Schiff base underwent a phosphorylation reaction to produce the adsorbent (TIHP), which confirmed its structure via the different tools FTIR, TGA, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, GC-MS, and Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR). The newly synthesized adsorbent (TIHP) was used to remove chromium oxyanions (Cr(VI)) from an aqueous solution. The batch technique was used to test many controlling factors, including the pH of the working aqueous solution, the amount of adsorbent dose, the initial concentration of Cr(VI), the interaction time, and the temperature. The desorption behaviour of Cr(VI) changes when it is exposed to the suggested foreign ions. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) adsorption on the new adsorbent was 307.07 mg/g at room temperature. Freundlich’s isotherm model fits the adsorption isotherms perfectly. The kinetic results were well-constrained by the pseudo-second-order equation. The thermodynamic studies establish that the adsorption type was exothermic and naturally spontaneous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad A. Alluhaybi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 22254, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman A. Gouda
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Fatma S. Hassen
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | | | - Bahig M. Atia
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | - Amany R. Salem
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Gado
- Nuclear Materials Authority, P.O. Box 530, El Maadi, Cairo 11936, Egypt
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- INPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Faculty of Sciences and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008 Galati, Romania
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (H.M.H.Z.)
| | - Hamdy A. Awad
- Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch 71524, Egypt
| | - Hesham M. H. Zakaly
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg 620002, Russia
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.E.); (H.M.H.Z.)
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Selective Recovery of Cadmium, Cobalt, and Nickel from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Adogen® 464 and Mesoporous Silica Derivatives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158677. [PMID: 35955812 PMCID: PMC9368978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spent Ni–Cd batteries are now considered an important source for many valuable metals. The recovery of cadmium, cobalt, and nickel from spent Ni–Cd Batteries has been performed in this study. The optimum leaching process was achieved using 20% H2SO4, solid/liquid (S/L) 1/5 at 80 °C for 6 h. The leaching efficiency of Fe, Cd, and Co was nearly 100%, whereas the leaching efficiency of Ni was 95%. The recovery of the concerned elements was attained using successive different separation techniques. Cd(II) ions were extracted by a solvent, namely, Adogen® 464, and precipitated as CdS with 0.5% Na2S solution at pH of 1.25 and room temperature. The extraction process corresponded to pseudo-2nd-order. The prepared PTU-MS silica was applied for adsorption of Co(II) ions from aqueous solution, while the desorption process was performed using 0.3 M H2SO4. Cobalt was precipitated at pH 9.0 as Co(OH)2 using NH4OH. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters were also investigated. Nickel was directly precipitated at pH 8.25 using a 10% NaOH solution at ambient temperature. FTIR, SEM, and EDX confirm the structure of the products.
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Ibrahium HA, Atia BM, Awwad NS, Nayl AA, Radwan HA, Gado MA. Efficient preparation of phosphazene chitosan derivatives and its applications for the adsorption of molybdenum from spent hydrodesulfurization catalyst. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/01932691.2022.2059508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hala. A. Ibrahium
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Semi Pilot, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bahig M. Atia
- Department of Geology Isotopes, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nasser. S. Awwad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. A. Nayl
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend A. Radwan
- Department of Geology Isotopes, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Gado
- Department of Geology Isotopes, Nuclear Materials Authority, Cairo, Egypt
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