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Siniavin AE, Gushchin VA, Shastina NS, Darnotuk ES, Luyksaar SI, Russu LI, Inshakova AM, Shidlovskaya EV, Vasina DV, Kuznetsova NA, Savina DM, Zorkov ID, Dolzhikova IV, Sheremet AB, Logunov DY, Zigangirova NA, Gintsburg AL. New conjugates based on N4-hydroxycytidine with more potent antiviral efficacy in vitro than EIDD-2801 against SARS-CoV-2 and other human coronaviruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 225:105871. [PMID: 38555022 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
The spread of COVID-19 continues due to genetic variation in SARS-CoV-2. Highly mutated variants of SARS-CoV-2 have an increased transmissibility and immune evasion. Due to the emergence of various new variants of the virus, there is an urgent need to develop broadly effective specific drugs for therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Molnupiravir (EIDD-2801, MK-4482), is an orally bioavailable ribonucleoside analogue of β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), has demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 and was recently approved for COVID-19 treatment. To improve antiviral potency of NHC, we developed a panel of NHC conjugates with lipophilic vectors and ester derivatives with amino- and carboxylic-acids. Most of the synthesized compounds had comparable or higher (2-20 times) antiviral activity than EIDD-2801, against different lineages of SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, seasonal coronaviruses OC43 and 229E, as well as bovine coronavirus. For further studies, we assessed the most promising compound in terms of activity, simplicity and cost of synthesis - NHC conjugate with phenylpropionic acid (SN_9). SN_9 has shown high efficacy in prophylactic, therapeutic and transmission models of COVID-19 infection in hamsters. Importantly, SN_9 profoundly inhibited virus replication in the lower respiratory tract of hamsters and transgenic mice infected with the Omicron sublineages XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.16 and EG.5.1.1. These data indicate that SN_9 represents a promising antiviral drug candidate for COVID-19 treatment, and NHC modification strategies deserve further investigation as an approach to develop prodrugs against various coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei E Siniavin
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signaling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vladimir A Gushchin
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Department of Medical Genetics, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I M Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119991, Moscow, Russia; Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Natal'ya S Shastina
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elizaveta S Darnotuk
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey I Luyksaar
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid I Russu
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna M Inshakova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, MIREA-Russian Technological University, 119571, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Shidlovskaya
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria V Vasina
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Kuznetsova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria M Savina
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D Zorkov
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Inna V Dolzhikova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna B Sheremet
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis Y Logunov
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Nailya A Zigangirova
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander L Gintsburg
- Department of Epidemiology, Federal State Budget Institution "National Research Centre for Epidemiology and Microbiology Named After Honorary Academician N. F. Gamaleya" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 123098, Moscow, Russia; Department of Infectology and Virology, Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov, First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), 119435, Moscow, Russia
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Fernandes LDR, Lopes JR, Bonjorno AF, Prates JLB, Scarim CB, Dos Santos JL. The Application of Prodrugs as a Tool to Enhance the Properties of Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. Viruses 2023; 15:2234. [PMID: 38005911 PMCID: PMC10675571 DOI: 10.3390/v15112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is an effective treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) which has transformed the highly lethal disease, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), into a chronic and manageable condition. However, better methods need to be developed for enhancing patient access and adherence to therapy and for improving treatment in the long term to reduce adverse effects. From the perspective of drug discovery, one promising strategy is the development of anti-HIV prodrugs. This approach aims to enhance the efficacy and safety of treatment, promoting the development of more appropriate and convenient systems for patients. In this review, we discussed the use of the prodrug approach for HIV antiviral agents and emphasized nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. We comprehensively described various strategies that are used to enhance factors such as water solubility, bioavailability, pharmacokinetic parameters, permeability across biological membranes, chemical stability, drug delivery to specific sites/organs, and tolerability. These strategies might help researchers conduct better studies in this field. We also reported successful examples from the primary therapeutic classes while discussing the advantages and limitations. In this review, we highlighted the key trends in the application of the prodrug approach for treating HIV/AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, Brazil; (L.d.R.F.); (J.R.L.); (A.F.B.); (J.L.B.P.); (C.B.S.)
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Bouchareb F, Berredjem M. Recent progress in the synthesis of phosphoramidate and phosphonamide derivatives: A review. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.2012781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fouzia Bouchareb
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Badji-Mokhtar - Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
- Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Chadli Bendjedid - EL Tarf University, El Tarf, Algeria
| | - Malika Berredjem
- Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Synthesis of Biomolecules and Molecular Modelling Group, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Badji-Mokhtar - Annaba University, Annaba, Algeria
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