[Pharmacological importance of novel spiro derivatives against human pathogenic fungi]

Human mycoses have become a threat to health world-wide. Unfortunately there are only a limited number of antimycotic drugs in use. In the present study, antifungal activity of earlier synthesized spiro-1,4-dihydropyridines (1,4-DHPs) was investigated. The antifungal activity of spiro-1,4-DHPs compounds were screened against Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, and Candida albicans by using Disc Diffusion and Modified Microdilution method. Among six spiro-1,4-DHPs compounds tested all of them showed stronger antifungal activity possibly through inhibiting the synthesis of chitin in cell wall against A. flavus, A. fumigatus, and C. albicans as compared to fluconazole, a standard antifungal drug. The combination of compounds showed that the synthesized compounds had synergistic, additive effects as compared to currently used drugs as an antifungal agent. These results indicated that these designed compounds were potential chitin synthase inhibitors and had excellent antimycotic activity for the treatment of fungal infections.

Synthesis of Spiro1,4-Dihydropyridines: A Review

The preparation of medicinally promising spiro1,4-dihydropyridines accompanied by their applications in biological and pharmaceutical activities is presented. Spiro1,4-dihydropyridines were synthesized using numerous reported methods including bronested acids such as p-TSA, AcOH, nano-ranged calix[4]arene tetracarboxylic acid, sulfamic acid, PEG-OSO3H, tetramethylguanidinium triflate; lewis acids including Zn(OTf)2, FeCl3, copper, alum, aluminosilicate nanoparticles, MnFe2O4 nanoparticles, manganese ferrite nanoparticles, BF3OEt2; under alkaline conditions such as Et3N and piperidine; ionic liquids such as [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] and [Bmim]PF6, [MIM(CH2)4SO3H][HSO4]; and other miscellaneous procedures, for example, microwave-assisted catalyst and solvent-free conditions, using iodine, PEG-400, and NaCl.