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Averin AS, Berezhnov AV, Pimenov OY, Galimova MH, Starkov VG, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN. Effects of Cobra Cardiotoxins on Intracellular Calcium and the Contracture of Rat Cardiomyocytes Depend on Their Structural Types. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119259. [PMID: 37298207 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiotoxins (CaTx) of the three-finger toxin family are one of the main components of cobra venoms. Depending on the structure of the N-terminal or the central polypeptide loop, they are classified into either group I and II or P- and S-types, respectively, and toxins of different groups or types interact with lipid membranes variably. While their main target in the organism is the cardiovascular system, there is no data on the effects of CaTxs from different groups or types on cardiomyocytes. To evaluate these effects, a fluorescence measurement of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and an assessment of the rat cardiomyocytes' shape were used. The obtained results showed that CaTxs of group I containing two adjacent proline residues in the N-terminal loop were less toxic to cardiomyocytes than group II toxins and that CaTxs of S-type were less active than P-type ones. The highest activity was observed for Naja oxiana cobra cardiotoxin 2, which is of P-type and belongs to group II. For the first time, the effects of CaTxs of different groups and types on the cardiomyocytes were studied, and the data obtained showed that the CaTx toxicity to cardiomyocytes depends on the structures both of the N-terminal and central polypeptide loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Averin
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center of Biological Research", Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Alexey V Berezhnov
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center of Biological Research", Pushchino Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Oleg Y Pimenov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Miliausha H Galimova
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino 142290, Russia
| | - Vladislav G Starkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117997, Russia
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Remarkable intrapopulation venom variability in the monocellate cobra (Naja kaouthia) unveils neglected aspects of India's snakebite problem. J Proteomics 2021; 242:104256. [PMID: 33957314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Interpopulation venom variation has been widely documented in snakes across large geographical distances. This variability is known to markedly influence the effectiveness of snakebite therapy, as antivenoms manufactured against one population may not be effective against others. In contrast, the extent of intrapopulation venom variability, especially at finer geographical scales, remains largely uninvestigated. Moreover, given the historical focus on the 'big four' Indian snakes, our understanding of venom variation in medically important yet neglected snakes, such as the monocellate cobra (Naja kaouthia), remains unclear. To address this shortcoming, we investigated N. kaouthia venoms sampled across a small spatial scale (<50 km) in Eastern India. An interdisciplinary approach employed in this study unveiled considerable intrapopulation differences in the venom proteomic composition, pharmacological and biochemical activities, and toxicity profiles. Documentation of stark differences in venoms at such a finer geographical scale, despite the influence of similar ecological and environmental conditions, is intriguing. Furthermore, evaluation of in vitro and in vivo venom recognition and neutralisation potential of Indian polyvalent 'big four' antivenoms and Thai monovalent N. kaouthia antivenom revealed concerning deficiencies. These results highlight the negative impact of phylogenetic divergence and intrapopulation snake venom variation on the effectiveness of conventional antivenom therapy. SIGNIFICANCE: In contrast to our understanding of snake venom variation across large distances, which is theorised to be shaped by disparities in ecology and environment, intrapopulation variation at finer geographic scales remains scarcely investigated. Assessment of intrapopulation venom variability in Naja kaouthia at a small spatial scale (<50 km) in Eastern India unravelled considerable differences in venom compositions, activities and potencies. While the influence of subtle differences in prey preference and local adaptations cannot be ruled out, these findings, perhaps, also emphasise the role of accelerated molecular evolutionary regimes that rapidly introduce variations in evolutionarily younger lineages, such as advanced snakes. The inability of 'big four' Indian antivenoms and Thai N. kaouthia monovalent antivenom in countering these variations highlights the importance of phylogenetic considerations for the development of efficacious snakebite therapy. Thus, we provide valuable insights into the venoms of one of the most medically important yet neglected Indian snakes.
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Duran LH, Rymer TL, Wilson DT. Variation in venom composition in the Australian funnel-web spiders Hadronyche valida. Toxicon X 2020; 8:100063. [PMID: 33305257 PMCID: PMC7711288 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2020.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mygalomorph venom properties and active components, which have importance in medicine, agronomy, venomics, ecology and evolution, have been widely studied, but only a small fraction have been characterised. Several studies have shown inter-individual variation in the composition of venom peptides based on ontogeny, sexual dimorphism, season and diet. However, intra-individual variation in venom composition, which could play a key role in the evolution, diversification and function of toxins, is poorly understood. In this study, we demonstrate significant intra- and inter-individual variation in venom composition in the Australian funnel-web spider Hadronyche valida, highlighting that individuals show different venom profiles over time. Fourteen (four juvenile and ten adult females) funnel-web spiders, maintained under the same environmental conditions and diet, were milked a total of four times, one month apart. We then used reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry to generate venom fingerprints containing the retention time and molecular weights of the different toxin components in the venom. Across all individuals, we documented a combined total of 83 individual venom components. Only 20% of these components were shared between individuals. Individuals showed variation in the composition of venom peptides, with some components consistently present over time, while others were only present at specific times. When individuals were grouped using the Jaccard clustering index and Kernel Principal Component Analysis, spiders formed two distinct clusters, most likely due to their origin or time of collection. This study contributes to the understanding of variation in venom composition at different levels (intra-individual, and intra- and inter-specific) and considers some of the mechanisms of selection that may contribute to venom diversification within arachnids. In addition, inter-specific variation in venom composition can be highly useful as a chemotaxonomic marker to identify funnel-web species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Hernández Duran
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - Tasmin Lee Rymer
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Sciences, James Cook University, P. O. Box 6811, Cairns, QLD, 4870, Australia
| | - David Thomas Wilson
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute for Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, 4878, Australia
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Tran TV, Siniavin AE, Hoang AN, Le MTT, Pham CD, Phung TV, Nguyen KC, Ziganshin RH, Tsetlin VI, Weng CF, Utkin YN. Phospholipase A 2 from krait Bungarus fasciatus venom induces human cancer cell death in vitro. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8055. [PMID: 31824756 PMCID: PMC6896944 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Snake venoms are the complex mixtures of different compounds manifesting a wide array of biological activities. The venoms of kraits (genus Bungarus, family Elapidae) induce mainly neurological symptoms; however, these venoms show a cytotoxicity against cancer cells as well. This study was conducted to identify in Bungarus fasciatus venom an active compound(s) exerting cytotoxic effects toward MCF7 human breast cancer cells and A549 human lung cancer cells. Methods The crude venom of B. fasciatus was separated by gel-filtration on Superdex HR 75 column and reversed phase HPLC on C18 column. The fractions obtained were screened for cytotoxic effect against MCF7, A549, and HK2 cell lines using colorimetric assay with the tetrazolium dye MTT- 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. The primary structure of active protein was established by ultra high resolution LC-MS/MS. The molecular mechanism of the isolated protein action on MCF7 cells was elucidated by flow cytometry. Results MTT cell viability assays of cancer cells incubated with fractions isolated from B. fasciatus venom revealed a protein with molecular mass of about 13 kDa possessing significant cytotoxicity. This protein manifested the dose and time dependent cytotoxicity for MCF7 and A549 cell lines while showed no toxic effect on human normal kidney HK2 cells. In MCF7, flow cytometry analysis revealed a decrease in the proportion of Ki-67 positive cells. As Ki-67 protein is a cellular marker for proliferation, its decline indicates the reduction in the proliferation of MCF7 cells treated with the protein. Flow cytometry analysis of MCF7 cells stained with propidium iodide and Annexin V conjugated with allophycocyanin showed that a probable mechanism of cell death is apoptosis. Mass spectrometric studies showed that the cytotoxic protein was phospholipase A2. The amino acid sequence of this enzyme earlier was deduced from cloned cDNA, and in this work it was isolated from the venom as a protein for the first time. It is also the first krait phospholipase A2 manifesting the cytotoxicity for cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien V Tran
- Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam.,Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Andrei E Siniavin
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anh N Hoang
- Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Applied Materials Science VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - My T T Le
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chuong D Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trung V Phung
- Center for Research and Technology Transfer VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Khoa C Nguyen
- Graduate University of Science and Technology VAST, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Applied Materials Science VAST, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Rustam H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Victor I Tsetlin
- Department of Molecular Neuroimmune Signalling, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ching-Feng Weng
- Department of Life Science and Institute of Biotechnology, National Dong Hwa University, Shoufeng, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yuri N Utkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Toxinology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Kryukova EV, Potapenko AS, Andreeva TV, Ivanov IA, Ryabinin VV, Ziganshin RH, Starkov VG, Ayvazyan NM, Tsetlin VI, Utkin YN. Dimeric Disintegrins from the Steppe Viper V. ursinii Venom. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2019; 488:338-341. [PMID: 31768855 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672919050132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Four dimeric disintegrins were isolated from the venom of the steppe viper V. ursinii using liquid chromatography. Disintegrins prevented adhesion of MCF7 cells to fibronectin, which indicates their interaction with integrin receptors of the αVβ1 type. According to mass spectrometry data, the molar masses of disintegrins are about 14 kDa. The method of peptide mapping established the structure of a new heterodimeric disintegrin weighing 13 995.5 Da and shows that it belongs to the class of RGD/KGD-containing disintegrins.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Kryukova
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Potapenko
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - T V Andreeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - I A Ivanov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V V Ryabinin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - R H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - V G Starkov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - N M Ayvazyan
- Orbeli Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, 0019, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - V I Tsetlin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yu N Utkin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997, Moscow, Russia
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