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Alsaiari AA, Almehmadi MM, Asif M. Diverse Pharmacological Potential of Pyridazine Analogs against Various Diseases. Med Chem 2024; 20:245-267. [PMID: 37711126 DOI: 10.2174/1573406419666230913102835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyridazinone analogs possess diverse types of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antihypertensive, antisecretory, antiulcer, and other useful pharmacological activities. They also possess cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors, dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, glutamate transporter activators, adenosine receptor antagonists, serotonin receptors antagonists, lipooxygenase, cholinesterase, vasodilator, and anesthetics. Pyridazine rings are the essential structure for some marketed drugs, such as pimobendan, levosimendan as a cardiotonic drug, and emorfozan as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory (Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug) agent. So, researchers all over the world have paid attention to synthesizing various pyridazinone compounds mainly due to the ease of design and synthesis of different analogs and variables in the pharmacological responses. This review article focuses on the pharmacological activities of different pyridazine analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen M Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Asif
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Era College of Pharmacy, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hamze C, Brossier J, Karaghiosoff K, Godineau E, Knochel P. Selective and Stepwise Functionalization of the Pyridazine Scaffold by Using Thio-Substituted Pyridazine Building Blocks. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302156. [PMID: 37534401 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
We described a regioselective tri- and tetra-functionalization of the pyridazine scaffold using two readily available building blocks: 3-alkylthio-6-chloropyridazine and 3,4-bis(methylthio)-6-chloropyridazine by performing selective metalations with TMPMgCl ⋅ LiCl and catalyst-tuned cross-coupling reactions with arylzinc halides. Several of the resulting pyridazines were converted into more elaborated N-heterocycles such as thieno[2,3-c]pyridazines and 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridazines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Hamze
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Julie Brossier
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstantin Karaghiosoff
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Edouard Godineau
- Research & Development, Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, 4332, Stein, Switzerland
| | - Paul Knochel
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstraße 5-13, Haus F, 81377, Munich, Germany
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Rastogi GK, Deb ML, Baruah PK. Copper-catalysed dehydrogenative self-coupling/cyclization of 5-aminopyrazoles: synthesis and photophysical study of pyridazines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023. [PMID: 37465848 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02424e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
An interesting self-coupling/cyclization of 5-aminopyrazoles is revealed, which provides a variety of pyridazine cores in reasonable yields. In this reaction, C(sp2)-C(sp2) and N-N bond formation occurs simultaneously in one reaction vessel. The photophysical properties of the synthesized compounds were also studied and some of them exhibited fluorescence properties with good quantum yields. A radical mediated reaction mechanism is proposed with the help of control experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav K Rastogi
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, CSIR-NEIST, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Mohit L Deb
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
- Advanced Research Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, Ri-Bhoi, Meghalaya-793101, India
| | - Pranjal K Baruah
- Department of Applied Sciences, GUIST, Gauhati University, Guwahati-781014, Assam, India.
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Meanwell NA. The pyridazine heterocycle in molecular recognition and drug discovery. Med Chem Res 2023; 32:1-69. [PMID: 37362319 PMCID: PMC10015555 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-023-03035-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
The pyridazine ring is endowed with unique physicochemical properties, characterized by weak basicity, a high dipole moment that subtends π-π stacking interactions and robust, dual hydrogen-bonding capacity that can be of importance in drug-target interactions. These properties contribute to unique applications in molecular recognition while the inherent polarity, low cytochrome P450 inhibitory effects and potential to reduce interaction of a molecule with the cardiac hERG potassium channel add additional value in drug discovery and development. The recent approvals of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor antagonist relugolix (24) and the allosteric tyrosine kinase 2 inhibitor deucravacitinib (25) represent the first examples of FDA-approved drugs that incorporate a pyridazine ring. In this review, the properties of the pyridazine ring are summarized in comparison to the other azines and its potential in drug discovery is illustrated through vignettes that explore applications that take advantage of the inherent physicochemical properties as an approach to solving challenges associated with candidate optimization. Graphical Abstract
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Crystal Structures of Half-Sandwich Ru(II) Complexes, [(η6-p-Cymene)(3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine)Ru(X)]BF4, (X = Cl, Br, I). MOLBANK 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/m1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report the synthesis and single-crystal X-ray structures of three (η6-p-cymene)Ru(II) tetrafluoroborate salts, viz., [(η6-p-cymene)(3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine)Ru(X)]BF4, (X = Cl, Br, I), Ru1-3. They were prepared by the reactions of [(η6-p-cymene)Ru(μ-X)(X)]2, (X = Cl, Br, I) with two-mole equivalents of 3-chloro-6-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)pyridazine, under inert conditions at ambient temperatures, and subsequently precipitated by the addition of excess BF4− ions. Orange crystalline precipitates were obtained in good yields, from which the respective single crystals for X-ray diffraction analysis were recrystallized by slow evaporation from their methanolic/diethyl ether solutions. The Ru(II) complexes were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods, which included FTIR, 1H/13C NMR, UV-visible absorption, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures were solved by single-crystal X-ray crystal diffraction analysis. The complexes crystallized in the monoclinic crystal system in the P21/c (Ru1-2) and P21/n (Ru3) space groups. Density Functionals Theoretical (DFT) calculations were performed in methanol to gain an understanding of the electronic and structural properties of the complexes. Trends in the data metrics were established, and selected data were compared with the diffraction data. The electrophilicity indices of Ru1-3 follow the order Ru3 > Ru2 > Ru1, and the trend is in line with their anticipated order of reactivity towards nucleophiles.
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Farahanipour A, Bavandi H, Shahedi M, Habibi Z. Synthesis of 1 H-Pyrazolo[1,2- b]Phthalazine-5,10-Dione and 1 H-Pyrazolo[1,2- a]Pyridazine-5,8-Dione Derivatives by Bovine Serum Albumin in Water. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2128829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Farahanipour
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Bavandi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Shahedi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zohreh Habibi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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Synthesis, Characterization and Antimycobacterial Activity of Some Substituted Phenylpyridazinone Derivatives. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-022-02583-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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A concise and focused overview upon arylglyoxal monohydrates-based one-pot multi-component synthesis of fascinating potentially biologically active pyridazines. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.131742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Radical aryl migrations are powerful techniques to forge new bonds in aromatic compounds. The growing popularity of photoredox catalysis has led to an influx of novel strategies to initiate and control aryl migration starting from widely available radical precursors. This review encapsulates progress in radical aryl migration enabled by photochemical methods─particularly photoredox catalysis─since 2015. Special attention is paid to descriptions of scope, mechanism, and synthetic applications of each method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R. Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Efrey A. Noten
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Corey R. J. Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, Willard Henry Dow Laboratory, University of Michigan, 930 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Alghamdi S, Imran M, Kamal M, Asif M. Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of (E)-5-Arylidene-6-Methyl-4,5-Dihydropyridazin-3(2)-Thione Derivatives. Pharm Chem J 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rayner PJ, Burns MJ, Fear EJ, Duckett SB. Steric and electronic effects on the 1 H hyperpolarisation of substituted pyridazines by signal amplification by reversible exchange. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2021; 59:1187-1198. [PMID: 33729592 PMCID: PMC8650576 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Utility of the pyridazine motif is growing in popularity as pharmaceutical and agrochemical agents. The detection and structural characterisation of such materials is therefore imperative for the successful development of new products. Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) offers a route to dramatically improve the sensitivity of magnetic resonance methods, and we apply it here to the rapid and cost-effective hyperpolarisation of substituted pyridazines. The 33 substrates investigated cover a range of steric and electronic properties and their capacity to perform highly effective SABRE is assessed. We find the method to be tolerant to a broad range of electron donating and withdrawing groups; however, good sensitivity is evident when steric bulk is added to the 3- and 6-positions of the pyridazine ring. We optimise the method by reference to a disubstituted ester that yields signal gains of >9000-fold at 9.4 T (>28% spin polarisation).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J. Rayner
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Michael J. Burns
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Elizabeth J. Fear
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
| | - Simon B. Duckett
- Centre for Hyperpolarisation in Magnetic Resonance, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkYorkUK
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Moseley DF, Kalepu J, Willis MC. Azine-N-oxides as effective controlling groups for Rh-catalysed intermolecular alkyne hydroacylation. Chem Sci 2021; 12:13068-13073. [PMID: 34745537 PMCID: PMC8513814 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc03915f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterocycle-derived aldehydes are challenging substrates in metal-catalysed hydroacylation chemistry. We show that by using azine N-oxide substituted aldehydes, good reactivity can be achieved, and that they are highly effective substrates for the intermolecular hydroacylation of alkynes. Employing a Rh(i)-catalyst, we achieve a mild and scalable aldehyde C-H activation, that permits the coupling with unactivated terminal alkynes, in good yields and with high regioselectivities (up to >20 : 1 l:b). Both substrates can tolerate a broad variety of functional groups. The reaction can also be applied to diazine aldehydes that contain a free N-lone pair. We demonstrate conversion of the hydroacylation products to the corresponding azine, through a one-pot hydroacylation/deoxygenation sequence. A one-pot hydroacylation/cyclisation, using N-Boc propargylamine, additionally leads to the synthesis of a bidentate pyrrolyl ligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Moseley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jagadeesh Kalepu
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Michael C Willis
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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