Schaller T, Schieberle P. Comparison of the Key Aroma Compounds in Fresh, Raw Ginger (
Zingiber officinale Roscoe) from China and Roasted Ginger by Application of Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020;
68:15292-15300. [PMID:
33301679 DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.0c06731]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
By application of a comparative aroma extract dilution analysis on the volatile fractions isolated by solvent extraction and solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) from fresh raw Chinese ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) and roasted ginger, 21 or 33 odorants, respectively, with flavor dilution (FD) factors in the range of 32-4096 were identified. In raw ginger, the highest FD factors were found for (E)-isoeugenol, 1,8-cineol, vanillin, geranial, and linalool. After roasting, in particular, the FD factors of 3-(methylthio)propanal (cooked potato-like), 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone (caramel-like), 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone (seasoning-like), and geraniol were substantially increased. The application of static headspace/olfactometry (SHO) on ground raw ginger revealed a high FD factor for highly volatile acetaldehyde which clearly decreased after roasting. By contrast, the SHO application revealed high FD factors for malty smelling methylpropanal and 3-methylbutanal, which both were exclusively detected in roasted ginger. Thirteen odorants, namely, decanoic acid, (Z)-2-decenal, (Z)-4-decenal, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, (E)-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-undecenal, fenchol, (Z)-3-hexenal, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 3-methyl-2-buten-1-thiol, 2-methylpropanal, (E)-2-nonenal, and 1-nonen-3-one, were identified in ginger for the first time. Chiral analysis showed a much higher percent by weight portion for the (R)-enantiomer in citronellal, citronellol, and linalool, which was not much changed during pan-frying.
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