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Wang J, Ding X, Lan Z, Liu G, Hou S, Hou S. Imidazole Compounds: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Optical Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2024; 54:897-922. [PMID: 35001757 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.2023459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Imidazole is a five-membered heterocyclic ring containing three carbon atoms, two nitrogen atoms, and two double bonds. Among two nitrogen atoms, one of which carries with a hydrogen atom is a pyrrole-type nitrogen atom, another is a pyridine type nitrogen atom. Hence, the imidazole ring belongs to the π electron-rich aromatic ring and can accept strong suction to the electronic group. Moreover, the nitrogen atom of the imidazole ring is coordinated with metal ions to form metal-organic frameworks. In recent years, because of imidazole compounds' unique optical properties, their applications have attracted more and more attention in optical analysis. Thus, this review has summarized the synthesis, characterization, and application with emphasis on the research progress of imidazole compounds in optical analysis, including fluorescence probe, colorimetric probe, electrochemiluminescence sensor, fiber optical sensor, surface plasmon resonance, etc. This paper will suggest the direction for the development of imidazole-containing sensors with high sensitivity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Ding
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Lan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Guangyan Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Shili Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
| | - Shifeng Hou
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Electrochemical and Magneto-chemical Functional Materials, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, P.R. China
- National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Colloidal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, P.R. China
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Zych D, Kubis M. Bromopyrene Symphony: Synthesis and Characterisation of Isomeric Derivatives at Non-K Region and Nodal Positions for Diverse Functionalisation Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:1131. [PMID: 38474643 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyrene, a renowned aromatic hydrocarbon, continues to captivate researchers due to its versatile properties and potential applications across various scientific domains. Among its derivatives, bromopyrenes stand out for their significance in synthetic chemistry, materials science, and environmental studies. The strategic functionalisation of pyrene at non-K region and nodal positions is crucial for expanding its utility, allowing for diverse functionalisation strategies. Bromo-substituted precursors serve as vital intermediates in synthetic routes; however, the substitution pattern of bromoderivatives significantly impacts their subsequent functionalisation and properties, posing challenges in synthesis and purification. Understanding the distinct electronic structure of pyrene is pivotal, dictating the preferential electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions at specific positions. Despite the wealth of literature, contradictions and complexities persist in synthesising suitably substituted bromopyrenes due to the unpredictable nature of substitution reactions. Building upon historical precedents, this study provides a comprehensive overview of bromine introduction in pyrene derivatives, offering optimised synthesis conditions based on laboratory research. Specifically, the synthesis of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetrabromopyrene isomers at non-K positions (1-, 3-, 6-, 8-) and nodal positions (2-, 7-) is systematically explored. By elucidating efficient synthetic methodologies and reaction conditions, this research contributes to advancing the synthesis and functionalisation strategies of pyrene derivatives, unlocking new possibilities for their utilisation in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Zych
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Martyna Kubis
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
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Karuppannan S, Karmegam MV, Leslee DBC. A Phenothiazine‐Thiophene‐linked Chalcone as a Highly Sensitive Fluorescent Chemosensor for Ag
+
Ions. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Karuppannan
- Department of Science and Humanities (Chemistry) Anna University University College of Engineering, Dindigul – 624622 Tamilnadu India
| | - Muthu Vengaian Karmegam
- Department of Science and Humanities (Chemistry) Anna University University College of Engineering, Dindigul – 624622 Tamilnadu India
- PG and Research Department of Chemistry GTN Arts College (Autonomous), Dindigul – 624005 Tamilnadu India
| | - Denzil Britto Christopher Leslee
- Department of Science and Humanities (Chemistry) Anna University University College of Engineering, Dindigul – 624622 Tamilnadu India
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Das R, Bej S, Hirani H, Banerjee P. Trace-Level Humidity Sensing from Commercial Organic Solvents and Food Products by an AIE/ESIPT-Triggered Piezochromic Luminogen and ppb-Level "OFF-ON-OFF" Sensing of Cu 2+: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Outcome. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:14104-14121. [PMID: 34124433 PMCID: PMC8190783 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Selective and sensitive moisture sensors have attracted immense attention due to their ability to monitor the humidity content in industrial solvents, food products, etc., for regulating industrial safety management. Herein, a hydroxy naphthaldehyde-based piezochromic luminogen, namely, 1-{[(2-hydroxyphenyl)imino]methyl}naphthalen-2-ol (NAP-1), has been synthesized and its photophysical and molecular sensing properties have been investigated by means of various spectroscopic tools. Owing to the synergistic effect of both aggregation-induced emission (AIE) and excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) along with the restriction of C=N isomerization, the probe shows bright yellowish-green-colored keto emission with high quantum yield after the interaction with a trace amount of water. This makes NAP-1 a potential sensor for monitoring water content in the industrial solvents with very low detection limits of 0.033, 0.032, 0.034, and 0.033% (v/v) from tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetone, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and methanol, respectively. The probe could be used in the food industry to detect trace moisture in the raw food samples. The reversible switching behavior of NAP-1 makes it suitable for designing an INHIBIT logic gate with an additional application in inkless writing. In addition, an Internet of Things-(IoT) based prototype device has been proposed for on-site monitoring of the moisture content by a smartphone via Bluetooth or Wi-Fi. The aggregated probe also has the ability to recognize Cu2+ from a purely aqueous medium via the chelation-enhanced quenching (CHEQ) mechanism, leading to ∼84% fluorescence quenching with a Stern-Volmer quenching constant of 1.46 × 104 M-1 and with an appreciably low detection threshold of 57.2 ppb, far below than recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). The spectroscopic and theoretical calculations (density functional theory (DFT), time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT), and natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis) further empower the understanding of the mechanistic course of the interaction of the host-guest recognition event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riyanka Das
- Surface
Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff
College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Sourav Bej
- Surface
Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff
College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
| | - Harish Hirani
- CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, India
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, Indian Institute
of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Priyabrata Banerjee
- Surface
Engineering & Tribology Group, CSIR-Central
Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Avenue, Durgapur 713209, West Bengal, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), AcSIR Headquarters CSIR-HRDC Campus, Postal Staff
College Area, Sector 19, Kamla Nehru Nagar, Ghaziabad 201002, Uttar
Pradesh, India
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Nural Y, Keleş E, Aydıner B, Seferoğlu N, Atabey H, Seferoğlu Z. New naphthoquinone-imidazole hybrids: Synthesis, anion recognition properties, DFT studies and acid dissociation constants. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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