Antitumor effect of arabinogalactan and platinum complex

Nucleic Acid Aptamers Increase the Anticancer Efficiency and Reduce the Toxicity of Cisplatin-Arabinogalactan Conjugates In Vivo

Cisplatin is an effective drug for treating various cancer types. However, it is highly toxic for both healthy and tumor cells. Therefore, there is a need to reduce its therapeutic dose and increase targeted bioavailability. One of the ways to achieve this could be the coating of cisplatin with polysaccharides and specific carriers for targeted delivery. Nucleic acid aptamers could be used as carriers for the specific delivery of medicine to cancer cells. Cisplatin-arabinogalactan-aptamer (Cis-AG-Ap) conjugate was synthesized based on Cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum, Siberian larch arabinogalactan, and aptamer AS-42 specific to heat-shock proteins (HSP) 71 kDa (Hspa8) and HSP 90-beta (Hsp90ab1). The antitumor effect was estimated using ascites and metastatic Ehrlich tumor models. Cis-AG-Ap toxicity was assessed by blood biochemistry on healthy mice. Here, we demonstrated enhanced anticancer activity of Cis-AG-Ap and its specific accumulation in tumor foci. It was shown that targeted delivery allowed a 15-fold reduction in the therapeutic dose of cisplatin and its toxicity. Cis-AG-Ap sufficiently suppressed the growth of Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma, the mass and extent of tumor metastasis in vivo. Arabinogalactan and the aptamers promoted cisplatin efficiency by enhancing its bioavailability. The described strategy could be very promising for targeted anticancer therapy.

Differential expression profile analysis of cisplatin‑regulated miRNAs in a human gastric cancer cell line

Cisplatin, one of the most commonly used drugs in combination chemotherapy, is an effective anti‑tumor agent widely used for diverse tumor types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are involved in the occurrence, development, diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore whether cisplatin exerts anticancer effects by causing differential expression of miRNAs in human gastric cancer cells. The human gastric cancer cell line NCI‑N87 was cultured with a certain dose of cisplatin and high‑throughput sequencing combined with reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was performed to detect cisplatin‑regulated miRNAs. miRNAs upregulated and downregulated following cisplatin exposure were analyzed. High‑throughput sequencing revealed 33 upregulated and 16 downregulated miRNAs. A total of five significantly upregulated and five significantly downregulated miRNAs were identified by RT‑qPCR. The expression levels of hsa‑miR‑1246 and hsa‑miR‑892b were consistent with the results obtained from high‑throughput sequencing. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway clustering of cisplatin‑regulated miRNAs revealed that the miRNAs regulated genes involved in several biological processes and signaling pathways. The results obtained in the current study suggested that cisplatin may exert an important anticancer effect in gastric cancer via complex biological processes and signaling pathways.