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Yan X, Gao X, Niu Q, Peng X, Zhang J, Ma X, Wei Y, Wang H, Gao Y, Chang H. Differential protein metabolism and regeneration in hypertrophic diaphragm and atrophic gastrocnemius muscles in hibernating Daurian ground squirrels. Exp Physiol 2021; 106:958-971. [PMID: 33517584 DOI: 10.1113/ep089187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? The aim was to investigate whether diaphragm hypertrophy and gastrocnemius atrophy during hibernation of Daurian ground squirrels involve differential regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration. What is the main finding and its importance? We clarified the differences in protein metabolism and muscle regenerative potential in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius of hibernating ground squirrels, reflecting the different adaptability of muscles. ABSTRACT Are differences in the regulation of protein metabolism and regeneration involved in the different phenotypic adaptation mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and atrophy in hibernators? Two fast-type muscles (diaphragm and gastrocnemius) in summer active and hibernating Daurian ground squirrels were selected to detect changes in cross-sectional area (CSA) and protein expression indicative of protein synthesis metabolism (protein expression of P-Akt, P-mTORC1, P-S6K1 and P-4E-BP1), protein degradation metabolism (MuRF1, atrogin-1, calpain-1, calpain-2, calpastatin, desmin, troponin T, Beclin1 and LC3-II) and muscle regeneration (MyoD, myogenin and myostatin). In the hibernation group compared with the summer active group, the CSA of the diaphragm muscle increased significantly by 26.1%, whereas the CSA of the gastrocnemius muscle decreased significantly by 20.4%. Our study also indicated that increased protein synthesis, decreased protein degradation and increased muscle regenerative potential contributed to diaphragm muscle hypertrophy, whereas decreased protein synthesis, increased protein degradation and decreased muscle regenerative potential contributed to gastrocnemius muscle atrophy. In conclusion, the differences in muscle regeneration and regulatory pattern of protein metabolism might contribute to the different adaptive changes observed in the diaphragm and gastrocnemius muscles of ground squirrels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Yan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xuli Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Qiaohua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Xiufeng Ma
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yanhong Wei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Huiping Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Yunfang Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
| | - Hui Chang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710069, China.,Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China (College of Life Sciences, Northwest University), Ministry of Education, Xi'an, 710069, China
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Popova S, Ulanova A, Gritsyna Y, Salmov N, Rogachevsky V, Mikhailova G, Bobylev A, Bobyleva L, Yutskevich Y, Morenkov O, Zakharova N, Vikhlyantsev I. Predominant synthesis of giant myofibrillar proteins in striated muscles of the long-tailed ground squirrel Urocitellus undulatus during interbout arousal. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15185. [PMID: 32938992 PMCID: PMC7495002 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72127-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying muscle-mass retention during hibernation have been extensively discussed in recent years. This work tested the assumption that protein synthesis hyperactivation during interbout arousal of the long-tailed ground squirrel Urocitellus undulatus should be accompanied by increased calpain-1 activity in striated muscles. Calpain-1 is known to be autolysed and activated in parallel. Western blotting detected increased amounts of autolysed calpain-1 fragments in the heart (1.54-fold, p < 0.05) and m. longissimus dorsi (1.8-fold, p < 0.01) of ground squirrels during interbout arousal. The total protein synthesis rate determined by SUnSET declined 3.67-fold in the heart (p < 0.01) and 2.96-fold in m. longissimus dorsi (p < 0.01) during interbout arousal. The synthesis rates of calpain-1 substrates nebulin and titin in muscles did not differ during interbout arousal from those in active summer animals. A recovery of the volume of m. longissimus dorsi muscle fibres, a trend towards a heart-muscle mass increase and a restoration of the normal titin content (reduced in the muscles during hibernation) were observed. The results indicate that hyperactivation of calpain-1 in striated muscles of long-tailed ground squirrels during interbout arousal is accompanied by predominant synthesis of giant sarcomeric cytoskeleton proteins. These changes may contribute to muscle mass retention during hibernation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Popova
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Anna Ulanova
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Yulia Gritsyna
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Nikolay Salmov
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Vadim Rogachevsky
- Laboratory of Signal Perception Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics, FRC PSCBR, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Gulnara Mikhailova
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Alexander Bobylev
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Liya Bobyleva
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Yana Yutskevich
- Kuban State University, Krasnodar, Krasnodar Krai, 350040, Russia
| | - Oleg Morenkov
- Laboratory of Cell Culture and Tissue Engineering, Institute of Cell Biophysics, FRC PSCBR, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Nadezda Zakharova
- Laboratory of Natural and Artificial Hypobiosis Mechanisms, Institute of Cell Biophysics, FRC PSCBR, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Ivan Vikhlyantsev
- Laboratory of the Structure and Functions of Muscle Proteins, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia.
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