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Smyslov RY, Emel’yanov AI, Ezdakova KV, Korzhova SA, Gorshkova YE, Khripunov AK, Migunova AV, Tsvigun NV, Prozorova GF, Veselova VO, Kopitsa GP, Lu L, Mao Y, Pozdnyakov AS. Composite Hydrogels Based on Bacterial Cellulose and Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole/Phosphoric Acid: Supramolecular Structure as Studied by Small Angle Scattering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:520. [PMID: 37999161 PMCID: PMC10669583 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8070520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
New composite hydrogels (CH) based on bacterial cellulose (BC) and poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (PVT) doped with orthophosphoric acid (oPA), presenting interpenetrating polymeric networks (IPN), have been synthesized. The mesoscopic study of the supramolecular structure (SMS) of both native cellulose, produced by the strain Komagataeibacter rhaeticus, and the CH based on BC and containing PVT/oPA complex were carried out in a wide range of momentum transfer using ultra- and classical small-angle neutron scattering techniques. The two SMS hierarchical levels were revealed from 1.6 nm to 2.5 μm for the objects under investigation. In addition, it was shown that the native BC had a correlation peak on the small-angle scattering curves at 0.00124 Å-1, with the correlation length ξ being equal to ca. 510 nm. This motive was also retained in the IPN. The data obtained allowed the estimation of the fractal dimensions and ranges of self-similarity and gave new information about the BC mesostructure and its CH. Furthermore, we revealed them to be in coincidence with Brown's BC model, which was earlier supported by Fink's results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan Y. Smyslov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, NRC KI, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.Y.S.); (A.K.K.)
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Artem I. Emel’yanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Ksenia V. Ezdakova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.E.); (G.P.K.)
| | - Svetlana A. Korzhova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Yulia E. Gorshkova
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 141980 Dubna, Russia;
- Institute of Physics, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert K. Khripunov
- Institute of Macromolecular Compounds RAS, NRC KI, 199004 Saint Petersburg, Russia; (R.Y.S.); (A.K.K.)
| | - Alexandra V. Migunova
- Department of Microbiology, Biological Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 199178 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Natalia V. Tsvigun
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 111933 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Galina F. Prozorova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
| | - Varvara O. Veselova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry RAS, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Gennady P. Kopitsa
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC KI, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (K.V.E.); (G.P.K.)
- I.V. Grebenshchikov Institute of Silicate Chemistry RAS, NRC KI, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lijun Lu
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.M.)
| | - Yanchao Mao
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics of Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Microelectronics, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China (Y.M.)
| | - Alexander S. Pozdnyakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia; (A.I.E.); (S.A.K.); (G.F.P.)
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Emel'yanov A, Korzhova S, Ivanova A, Semenova T, Chepenko D, Usmanov R, Pozdnyakov A. Water-Soluble Nanocomposites Containing Co 3O 4 Nanoparticles Incorporated in Poly-1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2940. [PMID: 37447585 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
New water-soluble nanocomposites with cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4NPs) in a poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) matrix have been synthesized. The PVT used as a stabilizing polymer matrix was obtained by radical polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VT). The polymer nanocomposites with Co3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet-visible, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, gel permeation chromatography, and simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis. The resulting polymer nanocomposites consist of spherical isolated cobalt nanoparticles with a diameter of 1 to 13 nm. The average hydrodynamic diameters of macromolecular coils are 15-112 nm. The cobalt content in nanocomposites ranges from 1.5 to 11.0 wt.%. The thermal stability of nanocomposites is up to 320 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Emel'yanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana Korzhova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia Ivanova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Tatyana Semenova
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Chepenko
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Ruslan Usmanov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander Pozdnyakov
- A.E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str., 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Zhmurova AV, Prozorova GF, Korzhova SA, Pozdnyakov AS, Zvereva MV. Synthesis and DC Electrical Conductivity of Nanocomposites Based on Poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) and Thermoelectric Tellurium Nanoparticles. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:4676. [PMID: 37444989 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the structural characteristics and DC electrical conductivity of firstly synthesized organic-inorganic nanocomposites of thermoelectric Te0 nanoparticles (1.4, 2.8, 4.3 wt%) and poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) were analyzed. The composites were characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering analysis. The study results showed that the nanocomposite nanoparticles distributed in the polymer matrix had a shape close to spherical and an average size of 4-18 nm. The average size of the nanoparticles was determined using the Brus model relation. The optical band gap applied in the model was determined on the basis of UV-Vis data by the Tauc method and the 10% absorption method. The values obtained varied between 2.9 and 5.1 nm. These values are in good agreement with the values of the nanoparticle size, which are typical for their fractions presented in the nanocomposite. The characteristic sizes of the nanoparticles in the fractions obtained from the Pesika size distribution data were 4.6, 4.9, and 5.0 nm for the nanocomposites with percentages of 1.4, 2.8, and 4.3%, respectively. The DC electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites was measured by a two-probe method in the temperature range of 25-80 °C. It was found that the formation of an inorganic nanophase in the PVT polymer as well as an increase in the average size of nanoparticles led to an increase in the DC conductivity over the entire temperature range. The results revealed that the DC electrical conductivity of nanocomposites with a Tellurium content of 2.8, 4.3 wt% at 80 °C becomes higher than the conventional boundary of 10-10 S/cm separating dielectrics and semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna V Zhmurova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Galina F Prozorova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Korzhova
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Alexander S Pozdnyakov
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Marina V Zvereva
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Favorsky 1, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia
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Prozorova GF, Pozdnyakov AS. Proton-Conducting Polymeric Membranes Based on 1,2,4-Triazole. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:169. [PMID: 36837672 PMCID: PMC9964653 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this review, a comparative analysis of the literature and our own results obtained in the study of the physicochemical, dielectric, and proton-conducting properties of composite polymer materials based on 1H-1,2,4-triazole has been carried out. It has been established that 1H-1,2,4-triazole and homopolymers and copolymers of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole are promising for the development of proton-conducting fuel cell membranes. They significantly improve the basic characteristics of electrolyte membranes, increase their film-forming ability, increase thermal stability up to 300-330 °C, increase the electrochemical stability region up to 3-4 V, promote high mechanical strength and morphological stability of membranes, and provide high ionic conductivity (up to 10-3-10-1 S/cm) under anhydrous conditions at temperatures above 100 °C. There is also an improvement in the solubility and a decrease in the glass transition temperature of polymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole, which facilitates the processing and formation of membrane films. The results obtained demonstrate the uniqueness of 1H-1,2,4-triazole and (co)polymers based on 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole and the promise of their use for the creation of heat-resistant plastic and electrochemically stable, mechanically strong proton-conducting membranes with high ionic conductivity under anhydrous conditions and at high temperatures.
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Dithiocarbamates as Effective Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Agents for Controlled Radical Polymerization of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102029. [PMID: 35631911 PMCID: PMC9147191 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow dispersed poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VT). AIBN as the initiator and dithiocarbamates, xanthates, and trithiocarbonates as the chain transfer agents (CTA) were used. Dithiocarbamates proved to be the most efficient in VT polymerization. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight distribution and polydispersity of the synthesized polymers. The presence of the CTA stabilizing and leaving groups in the PVT was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The linear dependence of the degree of polymerization on time confirms the conduct of radical polymerization in a controlled mode. The VT conversion was over 98% and the PVT number average molecular weight ranged from 11 to 61 kDa. The polydispersity of the synthesized polymers reached 1.16. The occurrence of the controlled radical polymerization was confirmed by monitoring the degree of polymerization over time.
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