1
|
Delayed TBI-Induced Neuronal Death in the Ipsilateral Hippocampus and Behavioral Deficits in Rats: Influence of Corticosterone-Dependent Survivorship Bias? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054542. [PMID: 36901972 PMCID: PMC10003069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic corticosterone (CS) elevations after traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be involved in distant hippocampal damage and the development of late posttraumatic behavioral pathology. CS-dependent behavioral and morphological changes were studied 3 months after TBI induced by lateral fluid percussion in 51 male Sprague-Dawley rats. CS was measured in the background 3 and 7 days and 1, 2 and 3 months after TBI. Tests including open field, elevated plus maze, object location, new object recognition tests (NORT) and Barnes maze with reversal learning were used to assess behavioral changes in acute and late TBI periods. The elevation of CS on day 3 after TBI was accompanied by early CS-dependent objective memory impairments detected in NORT. Blood CS levels > 860 nmol/L predicted delayed mortality with an accuracy of 0.947. Ipsilateral neuronal loss in the hippocampal dentate gyrus, microgliosis in the contralateral dentate gyrus and bilateral thinning of hippocampal cell layers as well as delayed spatial memory deficits in the Barnes maze were revealed 3 months after TBI. Because only animals with moderate but not severe posttraumatic CS elevation survived, we suggest that moderate late posttraumatic morphological and behavioral deficits may be at least partially masked by CS-dependent survivorship bias.
Collapse
|
2
|
Komoltsev IG, Gulyaeva NV. Brain Trauma, Glucocorticoids and Neuroinflammation: Dangerous Liaisons for the Hippocampus. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051139. [PMID: 35625876 PMCID: PMC9138485 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-dependent mechanisms of inflammation-mediated distant hippocampal damage are discussed with a focus on the consequences of traumatic brain injury. The effects of glucocorticoids on specific neuronal populations in the hippocampus depend on their concentration, duration of exposure and cell type. Previous stress and elevated level of glucocorticoids prior to pro-inflammatory impact, as well as long-term though moderate elevation of glucocorticoids, may inflate pro-inflammatory effects. Glucocorticoid-mediated long-lasting neuronal circuit changes in the hippocampus after brain trauma are involved in late post-traumatic pathology development, such as epilepsy, depression and cognitive impairment. Complex and diverse actions of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis on neuroinflammation may be essential for late post-traumatic pathology. These mechanisms are applicable to remote hippocampal damage occurring after other types of focal brain damage (stroke, epilepsy) or central nervous system diseases without obvious focal injury. Thus, the liaisons of excessive glucocorticoids/dysfunctional hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis with neuroinflammation, dangerous to the hippocampus, may be crucial to distant hippocampal damage in many brain diseases. Taking into account that the hippocampus controls both the cognitive functions and the emotional state, further research on potential links between glucocorticoid signaling and inflammatory processes in the brain and respective mechanisms is vital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G. Komoltsev
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Department of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117465 Moscow, Russia;
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry, 115419 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-495-9524007 or +7-495-3347020
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Komoltsev IG, Frankevich SO, Shirobokova NI, Volkova AA, Onufriev MV, Moiseeva JV, Novikova MR, Gulyaeva NV. Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Loss in the Hippocampus Are Associated with Immediate Posttraumatic Seizures and Corticosterone Elevation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5883. [PMID: 34070933 PMCID: PMC8198836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hippocampal damage after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with late posttraumatic conditions, such as depression, cognitive decline and epilepsy. Mechanisms of selective hippocampal damage after TBI are not well understood. In this study, using rat TBI model (lateral fluid percussion cortical injury), we assessed potential association of immediate posttraumatic seizures and changes in corticosterone (CS) levels with neuroinflammation and neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus. Indices of distant hippocampal damage (neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation) were assessed using histological analysis (Nissl staining, Iba-1 immunohistochemical staining) and ELISA (IL-1β and CS) 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after TBI or sham operation in male Wistar rats (n = 146). IL-1β was elevated only in the ipsilateral hippocampus on day 1 after trauma. CS peak was detected on day 3 in blood, the ipsilateral and contralateral hippocampus. Neuronal cell loss in the hippocampus was demonstrated bilaterally; in the ipsilateral hippocampus it started earlier than in the contralateral. Microglial activation was evident in the hippocampus bilaterally on day 7 after TBI. The duration of immediate seizures correlated with CS elevation, levels of IL-1β and neuronal loss in the hippocampus. The data suggest potential association of immediate post-traumatic seizures with CS-dependent neuroinflammation-mediated distant hippocampal damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilia G. Komoltsev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 43 Donskaya Str., 115419 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stepan O. Frankevich
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Natalia I. Shirobokova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Aleksandra A. Volkova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Mikhail V. Onufriev
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Julia V. Moiseeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Margarita R. Novikova
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
| | - Natalia V. Gulyaeva
- Laboratory of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 5A Butlerov Str., 117485 Moscow, Russia; (I.G.K.); (S.O.F.); (N.I.S.); (A.A.V.); (M.V.O.); (J.V.M.); (M.R.N.)
- Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry of Moscow Healthcare Department, 43 Donskaya Str., 115419 Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Functional Neurochemistry of the Ventral and Dorsal Hippocampus: Stress, Depression, Dementia and Remote Hippocampal Damage. Neurochem Res 2018; 44:1306-1322. [PMID: 30357653 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2662-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus is not a homogeneous brain area, and the complex organization of this structure underlies its relevance and functional pleiotropism. The new data related to the involvement of the ventral hippocampus in the cognitive function, behavior, stress response and its association with brain pathology, in particular, depression, are analyzed with a focus on neuroplasticity, specializations of the intrinsic neuronal network, corticosteroid signaling through mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptors and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus. The data on the septo-temporal hippicampal gradient are analyzed with particular emphasis on the ventral hippocampus, a region where most important alteration underlying depressive disorders occur. According to the recent data, the existing simple paradigm "learning (dorsal hippocampus) versus emotions (ventral hippocampus)" should be substantially revised and specified. A new hypothesis is suggested on the principal involvement of stress response mechanisms (including interaction of released glucocorticoids with hippocampal receptors and subsequent inflammatory events) in the remote hippocampal damage underlying delayed dementia and depression induced by focal brain damage (e.g. post-stroke and post-traumatic). The translational validity of this hypothesis comprising new approaches in preventing post-stroke and post-trauma depression and dementia can be confirmed in experimental and clinical studies.
Collapse
|