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Jouybari MT, Mojtahedi F, Babaahmadi M, Faeed M, Eslaminejad MB, Taghiyar L. Advancements in extracellular vesicle targeted therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: insights into cellular origins, current perspectives, and emerging challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:276. [PMID: 39227964 PMCID: PMC11373471 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains a challenging chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by persistent joint inflammation and damage. While modern regenerative strategies, encompassing cell/stem cell-based therapies, gene therapy, and tissue engineering, have advanced tissue repair efforts, a definitive cure for RA remains elusive. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing targeted therapies that directly address the underlying mechanisms driving RA pathogenesis, such as extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small membrane-bound particles can modulate immune responses within the inflammatory microenvironment of damaged cartilage. To launch the clinical potential of EVs, they can be isolated from various cell types through several techniques. EVs can carry various bioactive molecules and anti-inflammatory or pro-regenerative drugs, deliver them directly to the affected joints, and affect the behavior of injured cells, making them a compelling choice for targeted therapy and drug delivery in RA patients. However, there are still several challenges and limitations associated with EV-based therapy, including the absence of standardized protocols for EV isolation, characterization, and delivery. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular sources of EVs in RA and delves into their therapeutic potential and the hurdles they must overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Talebi Jouybari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mojtahedi
- Department of Immunology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Science, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Babaahmadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran
| | - Maryam Faeed
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Baghaban Eslaminejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, Banihashem Square, Banihashem St., Resalat Highway, PO Box: 16635-148, Tehran, 1665659911, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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2
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Grishaev NA, Moiseeva EO, Chernyshev VS, Komlev AS, Novoselov AM, Yashchenok AM. Studying the small extracellular vesicle capture efficiency of magnetic beads coated with tannic acid. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6678-6689. [PMID: 38894640 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00127c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
The isolation of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), including those secreted by pathological cells, with high efficiency and purity is highly demanded for research studies and practical applications. Conventional sEV isolation methods suffer from low yield, presence of contaminants, long-term operation and high costs. Bead-assisted platforms are considered to be effective for trapping sEVs with high recovery yield and sufficient purity for further molecular profiling. In this study, magnetically responsive beads made of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles impregnated with iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles are fabricated using a freezing-induced loading (FIL) method. The developed magnetic beads demonstrate sufficient magnetization and can be collected by a permanent magnet, ensuring their rapid and gentle capture from an aqueous solution. The tannic acid on the surface of magnetic beads is formed by a layer-by-layer (LbL) method and is used to induce coupling of sEVs with the surface of magnetic beads. These tannic acid coated magnetic beads (TAMB) were applied to capture sEVs derived from MCF7 and HCT116 cell lines. Quantitative data derived from nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) and BCA methods revealed the capture efficiency and recovery yield of about 60%. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) imaging of sEVs on the surface of TAMBs indicated their structural integrity. Compared with the size exclusion chromatography (SEC) method, the proposed approach demonstrated comparable efficiency in terms of recovery yield and purity, while offering a relatively short operation time. These results highlight the high potential of the TAMB approach for the enrichment of sEVs from biological fluids, such as cell culture media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Grishaev
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ekaterina O Moiseeva
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Vasiliy S Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksei S Komlev
- Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton M Novoselov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey M Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia.
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Chernyshev VS, Yashchenok A, Ivanov M, Silachev DN. Filtration-based technologies for isolation, purification and analysis of extracellular vesicles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23344-23357. [PMID: 37646109 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp03129b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in cellular communication with multifactorial and multifaceted biological activity has generated significant interest, highlighting their potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. EVs are found in nearly all biological fluids creating a broad spectrum of where potential disease markers can be found for liquid biopsy development and what subtypes can be used for treatment of diseases. Complexity of biological fluids has generated a variety of different approaches for EV isolation and identification that may in one way or another be most optimal for research studies or clinical use. Each approach has its own advantages and disadvantages, significance of which can be evaluated depending on the end goal of the study. One of the methods is based on filtration which has received attention in the past years due its versatility, low cost and other advantages. Introduction of different approaches for EV capture and analysis that are based on filtration gave rise to new subcategories of filtration techniques which are presented in this overview. Miniaturization and combination of filtration-based approaches with microfluidics is also highlighted due its future prospects in healthcare, especially point-of-need technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy S Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Ivanov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Denis N Silachev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Kozhevnikova D, Chernyshev V, Yashchenok A. Progress in Isolation and Molecular Profiling of Small Extracellular Vesicles via Bead-Assisted Platforms. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:688. [PMID: 37504087 PMCID: PMC10377709 DOI: 10.3390/bios13070688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous interest in research of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) is driven by the participation of vesicles in a number of biological processes in the human body. Being released by almost all cells of the body, sEVs present in complex bodily fluids form the so-called intercellular communication network. The isolation and profiling of individual fractions of sEVs secreted by pathological cells are significant in revealing their physiological functions and clinical importance. Traditional methods for isolation and purification of sEVs from bodily fluids are facing a number of challenges, such as low yield, presence of contaminants, long-term operation and high costs, which restrict their routine practical applications. Methods providing a high yield of sEVs with a low content of impurities are actively developing. Bead-assisted platforms are very effective for trapping sEVs with high recovery yield and sufficient purity for further molecular profiling. Here, we review recent advances in the enrichment of sEVs via bead-assisted platforms emphasizing the type of binding sEVs to the bead surface, sort of capture and target ligands and isolation performance. Further, we discuss integration-based technologies for the capture and detection of sEVs as well as future research directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Kozhevnikova
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy Chernyshev
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I. Kulakov, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skoltech Center for Photonic Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Skolkovo Innovation Center, 121205 Moscow, Russia
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Park SH, Lee EK, Yim J, Lee MH, Lee E, Lee YS, Seo W. Exosomes: Nomenclature, Isolation, and Biological Roles in Liver Diseases. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2023; 31:253-263. [PMID: 37095734 PMCID: PMC10129856 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2022.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The biogenesis and biological roles of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the progression of liver diseases have attracted considerable attention in recent years. EVs are membrane-bound nanosized vesicles found in different types of body fluids and contain various bioactive materials, including proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and mitochondrial DNA. Based on their origin and biogenesis, EVs can be classified as apoptotic bodies, microvesicles, and exosomes. Among these, exosomes are the smallest EVs (30-150 nm in diameter), which play a significant role in cell-to-cell communication and epigenetic regulation. Moreover, exosomal content analysis can reveal the functional state of the parental cell. Therefore, exosomes can be applied to various purposes, including disease diagnosis and treatment, drug delivery, cell-free vaccines, and regenerative medicine. However, exosome-related research faces two major limitations: isolation of exosomes with high yield and purity and distinction of exosomes from other EVs (especially microvesicles). No standardized exosome isolation method has been established to date; however, various exosome isolation strategies have been proposed to investigate their biological roles. Exosome-mediated intercellular communications are known to be involved in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development. Damaged hepatocytes or nonparenchymal cells release large numbers of exosomes that promote the progression of inflammation and fibrogenesis through interactions with neighboring cells. Exosomes are expected to provide insight on the progression of liver disease. Here, we review the biogenesis of exosomes, exosome isolation techniques, and biological roles of exosomes in alcoholic liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seol Hee Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Eun Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Joowon Yim
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Min Hoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Eojin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Young-Sun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Medical Center, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyo Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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6
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Composition, Biogenesis, and Role of Exosomes in Tumor Development. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8392509. [PMID: 36117723 PMCID: PMC9481374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8392509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of exosomes and their mechanism of action at the tumor site have received increasing attention. These microvesicles are produced by a wide range of cells including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and immune cells. In particular, tumor cells release remarkable amounts of exosomes which spread to distant organs through the blood and enhance the possibility of tumor metastasis. In spite of results on tumor promoting properties, there are reports demonstrating the tumor inhibiting effects of exosomes depending on the type of the tumor and cell source. This review aims to have a comprehensive appraisal on the biogenesis, composition, and isolation of exosomes and then highlights the current knowledge of their role in cancer progression or inhibition by special focusing on MSC's exosomes (MSC-EXOs).
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Chernyshev VS, Chuprov‐Netochin RN, Tsydenzhapova E, Svirshchevskaya EV, Poltavtseva RA, Merdalimova A, Yashchenok A, Keshelava A, Sorokin K, Keshelava V, Sukhikh GT, Gorin D, Leonov S, Skliar M. Asymmetric depth-filtration: A versatile and scalable method for high-yield isolation of extracellular vesicles with low contamination. J Extracell Vesicles 2022; 11:e12256. [PMID: 35942823 PMCID: PMC9451526 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel asymmetric depth filtration (DF) approach to isolate extracellular vesicles (EVs) from biological fluids that outperforms ultracentrifugation and size-exclusion chromatography in purity and yield of isolated EVs. By these metrics, a single-step DF matches or exceeds the performance of multistep protocols with dedicated purification procedures in the isolation of plasma EVs. We demonstrate the selective transit and capture of biological nanoparticles in asymmetric pores by size and elasticity, low surface binding to the filtration medium, and the ability to cleanse EVs held by the filter before their recovery with the reversed flow all contribute to the achieved purity and yield of preparations. We further demonstrate the method's versatility by applying it to isolate EVs from different biofluids (plasma, urine, and cell culture growth medium). The DF workflow is simple, fast, and inexpensive. Only standard laboratory equipment is required for its implementation, making DF suitable for low-resource and point-of-use locations. The method may be used for EV isolation from small biological samples in diagnostic and treatment guidance applications. It can also be scaled up to harvest therapeutic EVs from large volumes of cell culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy S. Chernyshev
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussian Federation
- School of Biological and Medical PhysicsMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussian Federation
| | - Roman N. Chuprov‐Netochin
- School of Biological and Medical PhysicsMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Tsydenzhapova
- School of Biological and Medical PhysicsMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussian Federation
| | | | - Rimma A. Poltavtseva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. KulakovMinistry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | - Alexey Yashchenok
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussian Federation
| | | | | | - Varlam Keshelava
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation RASPushchinoRussian Federation
| | - Gennadiy T. Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. KulakovMinistry of Healthcare of the Russian FederationMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Dmitry Gorin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and TechnologyMoscowRussian Federation
| | - Sergey Leonov
- School of Biological and Medical PhysicsMoscow Institute of Physics and TechnologyDolgoprudnyMoscow RegionRussian Federation
| | - Mikhail Skliar
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
- The Nano Institute of UtahUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUTUSA
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8
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Yang HC, Ham YM, Kim JA, Rhee WJ. Single-step equipment-free extracellular vesicle concentration using super absorbent polymer beads. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12074. [PMID: 33664938 PMCID: PMC7902527 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) contain useful biomarkers for disease diagnosis and are promising biomaterials for the delivery of therapeutic molecules in vivo. Accordingly, an efficient concentration method is necessary for large-scale production or high-throughput isolation of EVs from bulk liquid samples, including culture medium and body fluids, to achieve their clinical application. However, current EV concentration methods, including ultrafiltration, are limited with respect to cost, efficiency, and centrifugation time. In this study, we developed the first single-step, equipment-free EV concentration method using super absorbent polymer (SAP) beads. SAP beads absorb small molecules, including water, via nano-sized channels but expel and thereby concentrate EVs. Consequently, the beads drastically enrich EVs by reducing the solution volume in a single step, without affecting EV characteristics. Moreover, the purity of the concentrated EV solution was high due to the absorption of protein impurities by SAP beads. To further demonstrate the versatility of the method, we showed that SAP beads successfully enrich EVs in human urine samples and culture medium, enabling better isolation performance than conventional ultrafiltration. We believe the newly developed approach and insight gained in this study will facilitate the use of EVs as prominent biomaterials for disease diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Cheol Yang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoo Min Ham
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Center for Scientific InstrumentationKorea Basic Science InstituteChungbukRepublic of Korea
- Department of Bio‐Analytical ScienceUniversity of Science and TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | - Won Jong Rhee
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano‐BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
- Division of BioengineeringIncheon National UniversityIncheonRepublic of Korea
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Talebjedi B, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M, Mastromonaco GF, De Almeida Monteiro Melo Ferraz M. Exploiting Microfluidics for Extracellular Vesicle Isolation and Characterization: Potential Use for Standardized Embryo Quality Assessment. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:620809. [PMID: 33469556 PMCID: PMC7813816 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.620809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent decades have seen a growing interest in the study of extracellular vesicles (EVs), driven by their role in cellular communication, and potential as biomarkers of health and disease. Although it is known that embryos secrete EVs, studies on the importance of embryonic EVs are still very limited. This limitation is due mainly to small sample volumes, with low EV concentrations available for analysis, and to laborious, costly and time-consuming procedures for isolating and evaluating EVs. In this respect, microfluidics technologies represent a promising avenue for optimizing the isolation and characterization of embryonic EVs. Despite significant improvements in microfluidics for EV isolation and characterization, the use of EVs as markers of embryo quality has been held back by two key challenges: (1) the lack of specific biomarkers of embryo quality, and (2) the limited number of studies evaluating the content of embryonic EVs across embryos with varying developmental competence. Our core aim in this review is to identify the critical challenges of EV isolation and to provide seeds for future studies to implement the profiling of embryonic EVs as a diagnostic test for embryo selection. We first summarize the conventional methods for isolating EVs and contrast these with the most promising microfluidics methods. We then discuss current knowledge of embryonic EVs and their potential role as biomarkers of embryo quality. Finally, we identify key ways in which microfluidics technologies could allow researchers to overcome the challenges of embryonic EV isolation and be used as a fast, user-friendly tool for non-invasive embryo selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Talebjedi
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Nishat Tasnim
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mina Hoorfar
- School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Naryzhny S, Volnitskiy A, Kopylov A, Zorina E, Kamyshinsky R, Bairamukov V, Garaeva L, Shlikht A, Shtam T. Proteome of Glioblastoma-Derived Exosomes as a Source of Biomarkers. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E216. [PMID: 32708613 PMCID: PMC7399833 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8070216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) are involved in important processes of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), including malignancy and invasion. EV secreted by glioblastoma cells may cross the hematoencephalic barrier and carry molecular cargo derived from the tumor into the peripheral circulation. Therefore, the determination of the molecular composition of exosomes released by glioblastoma cells seems to be a promising approach for the development of non-invasive methods of the detection of the specific exosomal protein markers in the peripheral blood. The present study aimed to determine the common exosomal proteins presented in preparations from different cell lines and search potential glioblastoma biomarkers in exosomes. We have performed proteomics analysis of exosomes obtained from the conditioned culture medium of five glioblastoma cell lines. A list of 133 proteins common for all these samples was generated. Based on the data obtained, virtual two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) maps of proteins presented in exosomes of glioblastoma cells were constructed and the gene ontology (GO) analysis of exosome proteins was performed. A correlation between overexpressed in glial cell proteins and their presence in exosomes have been found. Thus, the existence of many potential glioblastoma biomarkers in exosomes was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Naryzhny
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.Z.)
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.V.); (V.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Andrey Volnitskiy
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.V.); (V.B.); (L.G.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Arthur Kopylov
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Elena Zorina
- Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry of Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Pogodinskaya 10, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (A.K.); (E.Z.)
| | - Roman Kamyshinsky
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre ’Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospect 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutsky Lane 9, Dolgoprudny, 141700 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor Bairamukov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.V.); (V.B.); (L.G.)
| | - Luiza Garaeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.V.); (V.B.); (L.G.)
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia;
- Peter the Great Saint-Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehnicheskaya 29, 19525 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anatoly Shlikht
- Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova 8, 690091 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute NRC «Kurchatov Institute», Orlova Roshcha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia; (A.V.); (V.B.); (L.G.)
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11
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Emelyanov A, Shtam T, Kamyshinsky R, Garaeva L, Verlov N, Miliukhina I, Kudrevatykh A, Gavrilov G, Zabrodskaya Y, Pchelina S, Konevega A. Cryo-electron microscopy of extracellular vesicles from cerebrospinal fluid. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227949. [PMID: 31999742 PMCID: PMC6991974 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-enclosed vesicles which play important role for cell communication and physiology. EVs are found in many human biological fluids, including blood, breast milk, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ejaculate, saliva etc. These nano-sized vesicles contain proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and lipids that are derived from producing cells. EVs deliver complex sets of biological information to recipient cells thereby modulating their behaviors by their molecular cargo. In this way EVs are involved in the pathological development and progression of many human disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases. In this study EVs purified by ultracentrifugation from CSF of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and individuals of the comparison group were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, flow cytometry and cryo-electron microscopy. Vesicular size and the presence of exosomal marker CD9 on the surface provided evidence that most of the EVs were exosome-like vesicles. Cryo-electron microscopy allowed us to visualize a large spectrum of extracellular vesicles of various size and morphology with lipid bilayers and vesicular internal structures. Thus, we described the diversity and new characteristics of the vesicles from CSF suggesting that subpopulations of EVs with different and specific functions may exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Emelyanov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Roman Kamyshinsky
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography of Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics” of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow region, Russia
| | - Luiza Garaeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolai Verlov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Miliukhina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Kudrevatykh
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Gaspar Gavrilov
- S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yulia Zabrodskaya
- Polenov Neurosurgical Institute–Branch of National Almazov Medical Research Centre, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sofya Pchelina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Gatchina, Russia
- National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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