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Chen Y, Li D, Li N, Loh P, Guo Y, Hu X, Zhang J, Dou B, Wang L, Yang C, Guo T, Chen S, Liu Z, Chen B, Chen Z. Role of nerve signal transduction and neuroimmune crosstalk in mediating the analgesic effects of acupuncture for neuropathic pain. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1093849. [PMID: 36756246 PMCID: PMC9899820 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1093849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurogenic pain rises because of nervous system damage or dysfunction and is the most difficult to treat among other pathological pains. Acupuncture has been reported as a great treatment option for neurogenic pain owing to its unlimited advantages. However, previous studies on the analgesic effects of acupuncture for NP were scattered and did not form a whole. In this study, we first comprehensively review the relevant basic articles on acupuncture for NP published in the last 5 years and summarize the analgesic mechanisms of acupuncture in terms of nerve signaling, neuro-immune crosstalk, and metabolic and oxidative stress regulation. Acupuncture inhibits the upstream excitatory system and suppresses neuronal transmission efficiency by downregulating glutamate, NMDA receptors, P2XR, SP, CGRP, and other neurotransmitters and receptors in the spinal cord, as well as plasma channels such as TRPV1, HCN. It can also activate the downstream pain inhibitory pathway by upregulating opioid peptide (β-endorphin), MOR receptors, GABA and GABA receptors, bi-directional regulating 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and its receptors (upregulate 5-HT 1A and downregulate 5-HT7R) and stimulating hypothalamic appetite-modifying neurons. Moreover, neuroinflammation in pain can be inhibited by acupuncture through inhibiting JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/mTOR pathways, down regulating chemokine receptor CX3CR1 on microglia and up regulating adenosine receptor A1Rs on astrocytes, inhibiting the activation of glia and reducing TNF-α and other inflammatory substances. Acupuncture also inhibits neuronal glucose metabolism by downregulating mPFC's GLUT-3 and promotes metabolic alterations of the brain, thus exerting an analgesic effect. In conclusion, the regulation of nerve signal transduction and neuroimmune crosstalk at the peripheral and central levels mediates the analgesic effects of acupuncture for neuropathic pain in an integrated manner. These findings provide a reliable basis for better clinical application of acupuncture in the management of neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Li
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ningcen Li
- Laboratory Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - PeiYong Loh
- School of International Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiyou Hu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingyu Zhang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Baomin Dou
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Lifen Wang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chaobo Yang
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangli Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Zelin Chen ✉
| | - Zelin Chen
- Research Center of Experimental Acupuncture Science, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,School of Acupuncture & Moxibustion and Tuina, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China,Bo Chen ✉
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The dose-effect relationship of electroacupuncture analgesia and its stimulus parameters: Progress in the last 3 decades 电针镇痛及其与刺激参数的量效关系研究:近三十年研究新进展. WORLD JOURNAL OF ACUPUNCTURE-MOXIBUSTION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wjam.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Chao L, Gonçalves AS, Campos ACP, Assis DV, Jerônimo R, Kuroki MA, Sant'Anna FM, Meas Y, Rouxeville Y, Hsing W, Pagano RL. Comparative effect of dense-and-disperse versus non-repetitive and non-sequential frequencies in electroacupuncture-induced analgesia in a rodent model of peripheral neuropathic pain. Acupunct Med 2021; 40:169-177. [PMID: 34758667 DOI: 10.1177/09645284211055751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain (NP) is a complex disease that remains challenging to treat. Low-frequency dense-and-disperse (DD) electroacupuncture (EA) has been used as adjuvant therapy for neuropathic pain; however, its analgesic effect decreases as stimulation time increases, or when it is repeatedly used. We hypothesized that a new frequency parameter could improve the effectiveness of EA, and aimed to compare the efficacy and duration of the analgesic effect between classic DD-EA and non-repetitive and non-sequential frequency (random frequency (RF)-EA) in neuropathic rats. Furthermore, the effect of RF-EA at local traditional acupuncture point locations versus auricular vagus nerve stimulation (aVNS) was evaluated. METHODS Male Wistar rats with peripheral neuropathy were subjected to a single session of DD-EA or RF-EA for 20 or 40 min at ST36 + GB34. An additional group of rats was treated with RF-EA for 20 min using aVNS at the appropriate ear point locations. Paw pressure test, von Frey filaments and spontaneous pain scores were evaluated. Sham-operated rats were used as controls. RESULTS In all, 20 min of RF-EA reversed hyperalgesia (for 24 h) and allodynia (for 8 h), showing a longer analgesic effect than DD-EA. Both RF-EA and DD-EA induced partial inhibition of spontaneous pain for 8 h. Forty minutes of DD-EA did not interfere with the NP phenomena; however, RF-EA induced significant long-term analgesia. aVNS induced an analgesic effect similar to local stimulation. CONCLUSION This pilot study shows that RF-EA at both local traditional acupuncture point and auriculotherapy point locations induces long-lasting analgesia in neuropathic rats, and more effectively so than classical DD-EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liaw Chao
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil.,Acupuncture Center, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Daniele V Assis
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Jerônimo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayra A Kuroki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Yunsan Meas
- Centre d'évaluation et de traitement de la douleur (CETD) and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yves Rouxeville
- International College of Auriculomedicine and Auriculotherapy Review
| | - Wu Hsing
- Acupuncture Center, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rosana L Pagano
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil
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Kang SY, Bang SK, Kwon OS, Seo SY, Choi KH, Cho SJ, Yoo HS, Lee JS, Kim HW, Ryu Y. Treatment of electrical wrist stimulation reduces chemotherapy-induced neuropathy and ultrasound vocalization via modulation of spinal NR2B phosphorylation. Brain Res Bull 2020; 162:237-244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
This paper is the fortieth consecutive installment of the annual anthological review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system, summarizing articles published during 2017 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides and receptors as well as effects of opioid/opiate agonists and antagonists. The review is subdivided into the following specific topics: molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors (1), the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia in animals (2) and humans (3), opioid-sensitive and opioid-insensitive effects of nonopioid analgesics (4), opioid peptide and receptor involvement in tolerance and dependence (5), stress and social status (6), learning and memory (7), eating and drinking (8), drug abuse and alcohol (9), sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (10), mental illness and mood (11), seizures and neurologic disorders (12), electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (13), general activity and locomotion (14), gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (15), cardiovascular responses (16), respiration and thermoregulation (17), and immunological responses (18).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, CUNY, 65-30 Kissena Blvd., Flushing, NY, 11367, United States.
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Yu X, Zhang F, Zhang J. Effect of transcutaneous electrical acupuncture point stimulation on expression of p-JNK in the dorsal root ganglion in a rat model of myofascial pain syndrome. Acupunct Med 2019; 37:312-318. [PMID: 31219313 DOI: 10.1136/acupmed-2017-011536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acupuncture has been used to treat myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) for 2000 years in China, but its mechanisms are still not entirely clear. In the present study, we explored the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupuncture point stimulation (TEAS) at an Ashi acupuncture point on expression of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) using a rat model of MPS. METHODS 32 rats were divided into four groups: normal, MPS, MPS+TEAS and MPS+sham- TEAS. MPS was produced by a blunt strike to the left vastus medialis combined with eccentric exercise for 8 weeks. Rats in the MPS+TEAS group received TEAS (6-9 mA, 2 Hz, 30 min) treatment at the Ashi acupuncture point for 2 weeks; rats in the MPS+sham -TEAS group had the same electrodes applied but received no stimulation. Paw withdrawal thermal latency (PWTL) was studied at baseline and on days 3, 7, 11 and 15 after treatment. Haematoxylin and eosin staining was used to examine for morphological changes in the left vastus medialis muscles; expression of p-JNK in the L3-L5 DRG was determined by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting after treatment. RESULTS Compared with the normal group, PWTL decreased significantly (P<0.01) and the expression of p-JNK in the DRG increased in the MPS and MPS-sham-TEAS groups (P<0.01); compared with the MPS group, PWTL was increased significantly (P<0.01) and expression of p-JNK in the DRG was decreased in the MPS+TEAS group. However, when compared with the normal group, PWTL did not recover to baseline and expression of p-JNK was still higher. CONCLUSION TEAS treatment may produce an analgesic effect, probably by inhibiting the expression of p-JNK in the DRG of rats with MPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangdi Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Fangxiang Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingchao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Li Y, Chu L, Li X, Zhai W, Ma Y, He Y, Xu Y, Ding S, Gao H, Zhang J, Ye B, Wang J, Yao J, Wu C, Xiao L. Efficacy of different-frequency TEAS on acute pain after the total knee arthroplasty: a study protocol for a parallel group randomized trial. Trials 2019; 20:306. [PMID: 31142359 PMCID: PMC6542097 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an optimal option for patients with middle-to-end-stage knee osteoarthritis. However, the management of postoperative acute pain remains inefficient. Transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) is a nonpharmacological method to manage postoperative acute pain. Different frequencies of TEAS have been tested using varying parameters, but the optimal analgesic frequency remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the optimal analgesic frequency of TEAS for treating acute pain after the primary unilateral TKA. METHODS/DESIGN This is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial. A total of 156 patients are randomly assigned to: G1, 5 Hz TEAS; G2, 100 Hz TEAS; G3, mixed TEAS (alternative use of daily 5 Hz and 100 Hz TEAS) and G4, placebo TEAS. In the G1, G2 and G3 groups, TEAS is conducted at acupoints SP9 and GB34 of the leg that was operated on (at a wave of continuous, balanced and asymmetrical biphasic square, with a pulse width of 200 μs, and a strong but comfortable current) for 30 min prior to a 30-min rehabilitation session per day for 2 weeks. In G4 group, TEAS is delivered at a strong but comfortable current for 30 s, then the current is gradually decreased to none over the next 15 s. The primary outcomes are measured before surgery, at baseline (POD 3, before TEAS intervention), week 1 and 2 after TEAS intervention with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale and The American Knee Society Score. The secondary outcomes include: (1) Active range of motion of the knee that was operated on; (2) Surface electromyography of both quadriceps; (3) Modified 30-s sit to stand test; (4) Additional usage of analgesia; and (5) SF-36. The additional outcomes include: (1) Patients' satisfaction rate; (2) Patient's expectation rate; and (3) Incidence of analgesia-related side effects. To test the blinding of participants and assessors, they are asked to guess whether the subjects received active or placebo TEAS within 5 min after the latest intervention. The safety and financial cost of TEAS are assessed. DISCUSSION Mixed TEAS has more favorable effect on acute pain control than the placebo or 5 Hz or 100 Hz TEAS. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1800016347 . Date of registration was 26 May 2018. Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Li
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Lixi Chu
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Xiangming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, The Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Weitao Zhai
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Yinghui Ma
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Yong He
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Yuelin Xu
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Sheng Ding
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Huali Gao
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Bowen Ye
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Jingchao Wang
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Jie Yao
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Chonggui Wu
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
- Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Guanghua Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, Shanghai, 200000 China
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Vieira JS, Toreti JA, de Carvalho RC, de Araújo JE, Silva ML, Silva JR. Analgesic Effects Elicited by Neuroactive Mediators Injected into the ST 36 Acupuncture Point on Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain in Mice. J Acupunct Meridian Stud 2018; 11:280-289. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jams.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Johnson MI. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) as an adjunct for pain management in perioperative settings: a critical review. Expert Rev Neurother 2017; 17:1013-1027. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1364158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark I. Johnson
- Centre for Pain Research, School of Clinical and Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University City Campus, Leeds, UK
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Zhang B, Zhu Y, Jiang C, Li C, Li Y, Bai Y, Wu Y. Effects of Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Motor Functions and Self-Care Ability in Children with Cerebral Palsy. J Altern Complement Med 2017; 24:55-61. [PMID: 28767271 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2016.0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To observe the effects of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) in improving motor functions and self-care abilities in children with cerebral palsy in their early childhood. DESIGN A preliminary, prospective, cohort study. SETTINGS/LOCATION Multicenter. SUBJECTS Children aged 2-6 years old. INTERVENTIONS Twenty-three children were included in the study and randomly assigned to a control group ([CG] N = 11) or a therapeutic group ([TG] N = 12). In the TG, children were treated with TEAS (Shousanli [LI10] and Waiguan [SJ5]) plus the exercise therapy, while in the control group, they were treated with sham TEAS plus exercise therapy. Therapies were performed five days per week for eight weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Functional Independent Measurement for children (WeeFIM) were used to evaluate motor functions and self-care abilities before and after the therapies. RESULTS Greater improvements were observed in the TG concerning all the measurements, although without statistical differences. The increments of the GMFM score and the WeeFIM motor, self-care and total scores were 36.08 ± 18.34 (26%), 16.17 ± 8.21 (33%), 7.67 ± 3.42 (40%) and 20.33 ± 10.08 (28%) in the TG, while 22.73 ± 16.54 (17%), 9.09 ± 9.43 (19%), 5.64 ± 6.73 (29%) and 12.82 ± 11.77 (18%) in the CG, respectively. No statistically significant correlations were shown between functional improvements and the demographics in the TG or the CG. The GMFM improvement was not statistically correlated with the improvements of the WeeFIM motor, self-care or total scores. However, the WeeFIM motor, self-care and total score were significantly positively correlated with one another in both groups (P < 0.01). No adverse effect was recorded during the study. CONCLUSION TEAS may be effective in improving motor functions and self-care abilities in children with cerebral palsy, in addition to conventional exercise therapy. Larger samples are required to confirm the efficacies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulan Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Congyu Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Bai
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University , Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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