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Saghazadeh A, Mahmoudi M, Meysamie A, Gharedaghi M, Zamponi GW, Rezaei N. Possible role of trace elements in epilepsy and febrile seizures: a meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2015; 73:760-79. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuv026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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NASEHI MM, SAKHAEI R, MOOSAZADEH M, ALIRAMZANY M. Comparison of Serum Zinc Levels among Children with Simple Febrile Seizure and Control Group: A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2015; 9:17-24. [PMID: 25798166 PMCID: PMC4357343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several factors are involved in the etiology of febrile seizure (FS), among them is zinc (Zn), which has been discussed in various studies. The present systematic review compares Zn levels in children with FS and a control group. MATERIALS & METHODS We searched keywords of febrile seizure, febrile convulsion, children, childhood, fever, trace elements, risk factor, predisposing, zinc, Zn, and epilepsy in the following databases: SCOPUS, PubMed, and Google Scholar. The quality of research papers was assessed using a checklist. Data was extracted from primary studies based on demographic variables and amounts of Zn in case and control groups. RESULTS Twenty primary studies were entered in the present study. Of which, eighteen studies, reported that Zn serum levels were significantly lower in the case group (patients with FS) than the control group. CONCLUSION The present systematic review indicated that Zn is one factor for predicting FS. A low level of this element among children can be regarded as a contributing factor for FS, a conclusion with a high consensus among different studies carried out in different parts of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mehdi NASEHI
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Mofid Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya SAKHAEI
- Faculty of health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran,
| | - Mahmood MOOSAZADEH
- Health Sciences Research Center, School of Health, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Maryam ALIRAMZANY
- Research Center for Health Services Management, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University Of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Hassel B, Dahlberg D, Mariussen E, Goverud IL, Antal EA, Tønjum T, Maehlen J. Brain infection with Staphylococcus aureus leads to high extracellular levels of glutamate, aspartate, γ-aminobutyric acid, and zinc. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1792-800. [PMID: 25043715 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcal brain infections may cause mental deterioration and epileptic seizures, suggesting interference with normal neurotransmission in the brain. We injected Staphylococcus aureus into rat striatum and found an initial 76% reduction in the extracellular level of glutamate as detected by microdialysis at 2 hr after staphylococcal infection. At 8 hr after staphylococcal infection, however, the extracellular level of glutamate had increased 12-fold, and at 20 hr it had increased >30-fold. The extracellular level of aspartate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) also increased greatly. Extracellular Zn(2+) , which was estimated at ∼2.6 µmol/liter in the control situation, was increased by 330% 1-2.5 hr after staphylococcal infection and by 100% at 8 and 20 hr. The increase in extracellular glutamate, aspartate, and GABA appeared to reflect the degree of tissue damage. The area of tissue damage greatly exceeded the area of staphylococcal infiltration, pointing to soluble factors being responsible for cell death. However, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist MK-801 ameliorated neither tissue damage nor the increase in extracellular neuroactive amino acids, suggesting the presence of neurotoxic factors other than glutamate and aspartate. In vitro staphylococci incubated with glutamine and glucose formed glutamate, so bacteria could be an additional source of infection-related glutamate. We conclude that the dramatic increase in the extracellular concentration of neuroactive amino acids and zinc could interfere with neurotransmission in the surrounding brain tissue, contributing to mental deterioration and a predisposition to epileptic seizures, which are often seen in brain abscess patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjørnar Hassel
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway; Norwegian Defense Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
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Salah ON, Abdelraouf ER, Abdelhameed MH, Dawood AA, Hashish AF, Kilany A, Helal SI. Assessment of the Level of GABA and Some Trace Elements in Blood in Children who Suffer from Familial Febrile Convulsions. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2014.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile seizure is one of the most common neurological problems during childhood. The etiology and pathogenesis of febrile seizure remain unknown. However, several factors such as vitamin B6 deficiency, electrolyte disturbances, and reduction in serum zinc, selenium, magnesium levels, and low gamma - aminobutyric acid (GABA) levels are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of febrile seizure. The present study included twenty children from 10 families, 11 were male and 9 were female. Each family has at least 2 members with a history of febrile convulsion. All cases were subjected to the following: Determination of serum levels of copper, zinc, magnesium, selenium level in serum, and plasma level of γ-aminobytaric acid (GABA). Serum levels of selenium and GABA were statistically significantly low in comparison with controls. Serum copper was statistically significantly higher in cases than controls, while serum zinc showed no significant changes in the cases of febrile convulsion compared with the control group. The mean Zn level in the serum of febrile convulsion was found to be at lower level than in the control group. The serum magnesium was significantly low in cases than controls. The logistic regression model in our study shows that Selenium and Magnesium have protective effects, while Copper has causative effect.
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Waqar Rabbani M, Ali I, Zahid Latif H, Basit A, Rabbani MA. Serum Zinc Level in Children Presenting with Febrile Seizures. Pak J Med Sci 2013; 29:1008-11. [PMID: 24353677 PMCID: PMC3817762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency of low serum zinc level in children presenting with febrile seizures at The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health (CH/ICH) Multan. METHODS This is an observational cross sectional study conducted at the Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children's Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Multan from September 2010 to March 2011. Children (6 months to 6 years of age) presenting with febrile seizures who satisfied inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled for the study. Cause of fever was determined after detailed history, physical examination and relevant investigations. Four milliliters centrifuged blood sample was preserved in acid washed test tube. Separated serum was used to measure serum zinc level by employing Randox kit on auto-analyzer in all cases. The outcome variable (serum zinc level) was recorded on a predesigned proforma. RESULTS Out of 100 enrolled children, there were 66 (66%) male with male to female ratio of 1:0.52. Mean age of the children was 23.97±14.45 months. Upper respiratory tract infection was the most frequent cause of fever apparent in 24 children (24%) followed by tonsillitis 17 (17%), pneumonia 16 (16%), urinary tract infection 16 (16%), otitis media 15 (15%), and bronchiolitis 12 (12%). Frequency of low serum zinc level was 26% in children with febrile seizures. CONCLUSION Zinc deficiency could be a potential risk factor for febrile seizure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Waqar Rabbani
- Dr. Muhammad Waqar Rabbani, DCH, FCPS, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Ibad Ali
- Dr. Ibad Ali, DCH, FCPS, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Hafiz Zahid Latif
- Dr. Hafiz Zahid Latif, MBBS, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Basit
- Dr. Abdul Basit, MBBS, Department of Pediatric Medicine, The Children Hospital & The Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ali Rabbani
- Muhammad Ali Rabbani, Undergraduate MBBS student, Nishtar Medical College, Multan, Pakistan.
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SALEHIOMRAN MR, MAHZARI M. Zinc status in febrile seizure: a case-control study. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CHILD NEUROLOGY 2013; 7:20-3. [PMID: 24665313 PMCID: PMC3943049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Febrile seizure is the most common type of seizure in children. Their incidence is 2-5%. There are different hypotheses about relationship between neurotransmitters and trace elements (such as zinc) and febrile seizure. Zinc, as a major element of some enzymes, plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS) and can affect some inhibitory mechanisms of CNS. The aim of the present study was to determine whether there were any changes in serum zinc level in children with febrile seizure in comparison with febrile children without seizure. MATERIALS & METHODS This case-control study was performed on 100 patients aged 6 months to 6 years. This study was conducted between January and August 2012, on 50 children with febrile seizures (case) and 50 febrile children without seizures (control), that were referred to Amirkola Children Hospital (a referral hospital in the north of Iran). Two groups were matched for age and sex. The serum zinc levels in the both groups were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. RESULTS The mean serum zinc level was 0.585±0.166 mg/L and 0.704±0.179 mg/L in the case group and the control group, respectively (p=0.001). The mean serum zinc level was significantly lower in the febrile seizure group compared to the control groups. CONCLUSION Our findings revealed that serum zinc level was significantly lower in children with simple febrile seizure in comparison with febrile children without seizure. It can emphasize the hypothesis that there is a relation between serum zinc level and febrile seizure in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza SALEHIOMRAN
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Masoumeh MAHZARI
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Lee JH, Kim JH. Comparison of serum zinc levels measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in preschool children with febrile and afebrile seizures. Ann Lab Med 2012; 32:190-3. [PMID: 22563553 PMCID: PMC3339298 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2012.32.3.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in levels of trace elements have been proposed to underlie febrile seizures. Particularly, low zinc levels have been proposed as related factor of febrile seizure. In this study, we investigated whether mean serum zinc levels differed between children with febrile seizure and afebrile seizure. Methods Using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, serum zinc levels were measured in 288 children who had been diagnosed with febrile seizures (N=248) and afebrile seizures (N=40). Mean serum zinc levels were compared between the 2 groups. Results Mean serum zinc level was 60.5±12.7 µg/dL in the febrile seizure group and 68.9 ±14.5 µg/dL in the afebrile seizure group. A significant difference in serum zinc levels was observed between the febrile and afebrile seizure groups (P<0.001). Conclusions Zinc levels in children with febrile seizure were significantly lower than those in children with afebrile seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hwa Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon, Korea
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Amiri M, Farzin L, Moassesi ME, Sajadi F. Serum trace element levels in febrile convulsion. Biol Trace Elem Res 2010; 135:38-44. [PMID: 19669113 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-009-8487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/23/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Febrile convulsion is the most common disorder in childhood with good prognosis. There are different hypotheses about neurotransmitters and trace element changes in biological fluids which can have a role in pathogenesis of febrile convulsion. In this study, serum selenium, zinc, and copper were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry in the children with febrile convulsion (n = 30) and in the control group (n = 30). The age and sex of the subjects were registered. Selenium and zinc were found to be significantly lower in febrile convulsion cases than in the control group (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant difference in the value of copper between the two groups (p = 0.16). While selenium and zinc levels were 44.92 +/- 10.93 microg/l and 66.13 +/- 18.97 microg/dl in febrile convulsion, they were found to be 62.98 +/- 9.80 microg/l and 107.87 +/- 28.79 microg/dl in healthy children. Meanwhile, copper levels were 146.40 +/- 23.51 microg/dl in the patients and 137.63 +/- 24.19 microg/dl in the control group, respectively. This study shows that selenium and zinc play an important role in the pathogenesis of febrile convulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Amiri
- Environmental Laboratory, Nuclear Science Research School, Nuclear Science & Technology Research Institute, Atomic Energy Organization of Iran, PO Box 11365-3486, Tehran, Iran.
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Mollah MAH, Rakshit SC, Anwar KS, Arslan MI, Saha N, Ahmed S, Azad K, Hassan T. Zinc concentration in serum and cerebrospinal fluid simultaneously decrease in children with febrile seizure: findings from a prospective study in Bangladesh. Acta Paediatr 2008; 97:1707-11. [PMID: 18795906 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the underlying mechanisms of febrile seizure (FS) having multi-factorial aetiology yet remains unclear, we conducted this prospectively designed cross-sectional study to determine if there was any simultaneous change in zinc (Zn) concentration (conc.) in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) among the FS children in comparison to their matched non-seizure febrile (NSF) peers. METHODS Zn concentration (level) in both serum (intravenous blood) and CSF (lumber puncture: LP) of 50 children with FS and 30 NSF peers (serving as control) were measured employing graphite furnace atomic absorbance spectrophotometer. Data were analysed to compare Zn level between two groups using appropriate statistical tools employing SPSS/Windows 12.0. RESULTS Mean Zn conc. in both serum and CSF was less in FS children (464.60 +/- 64.57 and 46.28 +/- 7.46, respectively) than their matched NSF peers (749.33 +/- 73.19 microg/L and 111.28 +/- 19.11 microg/L, respectively) showing significant differences both in serum (p < 0.001) and CSF (p < 0.001). None of serum or CSF-Zn differed significantly with age, degree and duration of fever between FS and NSF peers. CSF-Zn among these children showed an upward trend in LP specimen taken beyond 12 h following FS episodes. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Serum and CSF-Zn simultaneously decreased in FS children in comparison to their matched NSF peers. Further prospectively designed multicentral studies are recommended to conduct in geographically diverse regions involving larger sample to confirm or refute our findings. It remains crucial in standardizing/strengthening national seizure prevention protocol with adequate Zn supplementation.
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Abstract
A prospective case-control study was conducted in a major tertiary care hospital for children during June 2005 to May 2006 on children aged between 3 months and 5 years to compare serum zinc levels in 38 cases of simple febrile seizure and 38 age-matched controls. The mean serum zinc levels in cases and controls were 32.17 and 87.6 microg/dL, respectively. This difference was statistically significant ( P < .001). We conclude that Indian children with febrile seizure had low serum zinc levels, and zinc supplementation to reduce the incidence of febrile seizure should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ganesh
- Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India.
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Mollah MAH, Dey PR, Tarafdar SA, Akhter S, Ahmed S, Hassan T, Begum NA, Nahar N. Zinc in CSF of patients with febrile convulsion. Indian J Pediatr 2002; 69:859-61. [PMID: 12450294 DOI: 10.1007/bf02723706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This prospective study was carried out from July-December 1999 to see the status of zinc in CSF of children with febrile convulsion and to compare this to that of control. METHODS Forty-two cases of febrile convulsion and 30 controls (fever without convulsion) were enrolled into the study. CSF zinc was estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) in Atomic Energy Center, Dhaka and compared between the two groups. RESULTS The mean zinc level in CSF in the study sample was 40.19mgm/L and that in control was 74.98mgm/L. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). CONCLUSION The study concludes that a significantly lower of zinc exists in CSF of children with febrile. However no relationship was found between CSF zinc status with age, sex, degree & duration of fever and time of lumbar puncture after convulsion.
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Tütüncüoğlu S, Kütükçüler N, Kepe L, Coker C, Berdeli A, Tekgül H. Proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and zinc in febrile convulsions. Pediatr Int 2001; 43:235-9. [PMID: 11380915 DOI: 10.1046/j.1442-200x.2001.01389.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Some changes in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and zinc (Zn) in peripheral blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been suggested to occur for the pathogenesis of febrile convulsions (FC). METHODS In order to test this hypothesis, the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 alpha, IL-1 beta and prostaglandins (PGE(2), PGF(2 alpha), PGD(2)) in the CSF and plasma and the levels of Zn in serum and CSF were investigated in children during the acute and late phases of FC. Results were compared with control subjects with meningismus. RESULTS During the acute phase of FC, children had significantly elevated plasma levels of IL-1 beta, CSF levels of TNF-alpha, plasma levels of PGE(2), PGF(2 alpha) and PGD(2) and CSF levels of PGD(2) (P<0.05). A positive correlation between the degree of fever and plasma IL-1 beta levels was observed in both patients and controls. Three months after the acute phase of FC, plasma levels of IL-1 beta had returned to levels seen in controls. Children with FC also had significantly decreased serum Zn levels during the acute phase (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with respect to CSF Zn levels (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS During the acute phase of FC, patients had significantly increased plasma IL-1 beta and prostaglandin levels and decreased serum Zn levels. These changes may be responsible for FC pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tütüncüoğlu
- Department of Pediatrics, Ege Univeristy Medical School, Izmir, Turkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella C. Martin
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Boston University Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Gerhard Heinrich
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Boston University Medical Center Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
| | - Julie H. Sandell
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118
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