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Burghel GJ, Ellingford JM, Wright R, Bradford L, Miller J, Watt C, Edgerley J, Naeem F, Banka S. Systematic reanalysis of copy number losses of uncertain clinical significance. J Med Genet 2024; 61:621-625. [PMID: 38604752 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2023-109559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reanalysis of exome/genome data improves diagnostic yield. However, the value of reanalysis of clinical array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) data has never been investigated. Case-by-case reanalysis can be challenging in busy diagnostic laboratories. METHODS AND RESULTS We harmonised historical postnatal clinical aCGH results from ~16 000 patients tested via our diagnostic laboratory over ~7 years with current clinical guidance. This led to identification of 37 009 copy number losses (CNLs) including 33 857 benign, 2173 of uncertain significance and 979 pathogenic. We found benign CNLs to be significantly less likely to encompass haploinsufficient genes compared with the pathogenic or CNLs of uncertain significance in our database. Based on this observation, we developed a reanalysis pipeline using up-to-date disease association data and haploinsufficiency scores and shortlisted 207 CNLs of uncertain significance encompassing at least one autosomal dominant disease-gene associated with haploinsufficiency or loss-of-function mechanism. Clinical scientist reviews led to reclassification of 15 CNLs of uncertain significance as pathogenic or likely pathogenic. This was ~0.7% of the starting cohort of 2173 CNLs of uncertain significance and 7.2% of 207 shortlisted CNLs. The reclassified CNLs included first cases of CNV-mediated disease for some genes where all previously described cases involved only point variants. Interestingly, some CNLs could not be reclassified because the phenotypes of patients with CNLs seemed distinct from the known clinical features resulting from point variants, thus raising questions about accepted underlying disease mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Reanalysis of clinical aCGH data increases diagnostic yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- George J Burghel
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie M Ellingford
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ronnie Wright
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lauren Bradford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jake Miller
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Watt
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jonathan Edgerley
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Farah Naeem
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution, Infection and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Luo C, Peng Y, Gu J, Li T, Wang Q, Qi X, Wei A. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals critical modulators of extracellular matrix of penile cavernous cells in erectile dysfunction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5886. [PMID: 38467692 PMCID: PMC10928087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56428-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common and difficult to treat disease, and has a high incidence rate worldwide. As a marker of vascular disease, ED usually occurs in cardiovascular disease, 2-5 years prior to cardiovascular disease events. The extracellular matrix (ECM) network plays a crucial role in maintaining cardiac homeostasis, not only by providing structural support, but also by promoting force transmission, and by transducing key signals to intracardiac cells. However, the relationship between ECM and ED remains unclear. To help fill this gap, we profiled single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) to obtain transcriptome maps of 82,554 cavernous single cells from ED and non-ED samples. Cellular composition of cavernous tissues was explored by uniform manifold approximation and projection. Pseudo-time cell trajectory combined with gene enrichment analysis were performed to unveil the molecular pathways of cell fate determination. The relationship between cavernous cells and the ECM, and the changes in related genes were elucidated. The CellChat identified ligand-receptor pairs (e.g., PTN-SDC2, PTN-NCL, and MDK-SDC2) among the major cell types in the cavernous tissue microenvironment. Differential analysis revealed that the cell type-specific transcriptomic changes in ED are related to ECM and extracellular structure organization, external encapsulating structure organization, and regulation of vasculature development. Trajectory analysis predicted the underlying target genes to modulate ECM (e.g., COL3A1, MDK, MMP2, and POSTN). Together, this study highlights potential cell-cell interactions and the main regulatory factors of ECM, and reveals that genes may represent potential marker features of ED progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Luo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Yaqian Peng
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, 550004, Guizhou Province, China
| | - Jiang Gu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Qi
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, No. 9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang City, 550004, Guizhou Province, China.
| | - Anyang Wei
- Department of Urology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No.1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, China.
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GDF6 Knockdown in a Family with Multiple Synostosis Syndrome and Speech Impairment. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091354. [PMID: 34573339 PMCID: PMC8470939 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple synostoses syndrome type 4 (SYNS4; MIM 617898) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by carpal-tarsal coalition and otosclerosis-associated hearing loss. SYSN4 has been associated with GDF6 gain-of-function mutations. Here we report a five-generation SYNS4 family with a reduction in GDF6 expression resulting from a chromosomal breakpoint 3' of GDF6. A 30-year medical history of the family indicated bilateral carpal-tarsal coalition in ~50% of affected family members and acquired otosclerosis-associated hearing loss in females only, whereas vertebral fusion was present in all affected family members, most of whom were speech impaired. All vertebral fusions were acquired postnatally in progressive fashion from a very early age. Thinning across the 2nd cervical vertebral interspace (C2-3) in the proband during infancy progressed to block fusion across C2-7 and T3-7 later in life. Carpal-tarsal coalition and pisiform expansion were bilaterally symmetrical within, but varied greatly between, affected family members. This is the first report of SYNS4 in a family with reduced GDF6 expression indicating a prenatal role for GDF6 in regulating development of the joints of the carpals and tarsals, the pisiform, ears, larynx, mouth and face and an overlapping postnatal role in suppression of aberrant ossification and synostosis of the joints of the inner ear (otosclerosis), larynx and vertebrae. RNAseq gene expression analysis indicated >10 fold knockdown of NOMO3, RBMXL1 and NEIL2 in both primary fibroblast cultures and fresh white blood cells. Together these results provide greater insight into the role of GDF6 in skeletal joint development.
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Chen CP, Lin HY, Wang LK, Chern SR, Wu PS, Chen SW, Wu FT, Fran S, Chen YY, Town DD, Pan CW, Wang W. Prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of a small supernumerary marker chromosome derived from inv dup(15). Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 59:580-585. [PMID: 32653133 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We present prenatal diagnosis and molecular cytogenetic characterization of an inverted duplication of proximal chromosome 15 [inv dup(15)] presenting as a small supernumerary marker chromosome (sSMC) at amniocentesis associated with concomitant microduplication of 8q22.1. MATERIALS AND METHODS A 39-year-old woman underwent amniocentesis at 16 weeks of gestation because of advanced maternal age, and the result was 47, XY, +mar dn. The woman requested for repeat amniocentesis at 20 weeks of gestation. Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), quantitative fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (QF-PCR) and DNA methylation analysis were applied to determine the nature of the sSMC. RESULTS aCGH on the uncultured amniocytes revealed the result of arr 8q22.1 (93,918,763-96,618,539) × 3.0, arr 15q11.2q13.2 (22,765,628-30,658,876) × 4.0, arr 15q13.2q13.3 (30,653,877-32,509,926) × 3.0 [GRCh37 (hg19)]. Interphase FISH analysis using RP11-34H12 [15q13.2; Texas Red, 30,709,033-30,893,021 (hg19)] on 100 uncultured amniocytes showed that 38 cells had three signals, 45 cells had four signals and 27 cells had two signals. The parental bloods had normal aCGH results. The karyotype of cultured amniocytes was 47, XY, +inv dup(15) (pter→q13::q13→pter) which was confirmed by metaphase FISH analysis. No informative markers could be found in QF-PCR analysis. DNA methylation analysis on cord blood confirmed a maternal origin of the 15q11-q13 gene dosage increase with a result of 15q11.2 SNRPN DNA hypermethylation. Postnatal cytogenetic analysis on cord blood, umbilical cord and placenta showed the results consistent with the prenatal diagnosis. CONCLUSION Molecular cytogenetic techniques are useful for rapid diagnosis of an inv dup(15) chromosome presenting as an sSMC at amniocentesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ping Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical and Community Health Nursing, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiang-Yu Lin
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan; MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Kai Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Schu-Rern Chern
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Wen Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tzu Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sisca Fran
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Yi Chen
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dai-Dyi Town
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Wen Pan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wayseen Wang
- Department of Medical Research, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Bioengineering, Tatung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Cappuccio G, Caiazza M, Roca A, Melis D, Iuliano A, Matyas G, Rubino M, Limongelli G, Brunetti‐Pierri N. A pilot clinical trial with losartan in Myhre syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2021; 185:702-709. [PMID: 33369056 PMCID: PMC7898344 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Myhre syndrome (MS) is an ultra-rare disorder due to pathogenic variants in the SMAD4 gene that encodes a protein regulating the TGF-β pathway and extra-cellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis. Main clinical features of MS include thickening of skin and joint stiffness. Previous studies showed that losartan improved ECM deposition in MS fibroblasts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four molecularly confirmed MS subjects (mean age 23.8 ± 17 years) were evaluated for: (a) skin thickness by Rodnan score, (b) joint range of motion (ROM) by goniometry, and (c) speckle-tracking echocardiogram. Following baseline evaluations, three MS individuals received losartan for 12 months and pre-defined endpoints were monitored after 6 and 12 months of treatment. RESULTS At baseline, Rodnan scores were increased, joint ROM was reduced, and speckle-tracking echocardiogram revealed reduced myocardial strain. In three MS subjects, improvements in skin thickness, joint ROM and to a lesser extent of myocardial strain, were observed after 6 and 12 months of losartan treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although further long-term controlled clinical trials with a larger number of affected individuals are needed, the present study suggests that losartan might improve skin, joint and heart abnormalities of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerarda Cappuccio
- Department of Translational MedicineSection of Pediatrics, Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli(Naples)Italy
| | - Martina Caiazza
- Inherited and Rare Disease Unit, AORN Colli, Department of Translational Medical Sciences'Luigi Vanvitelli' UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Alessandro Roca
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological SciencesFederico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Daniela Melis
- Department of Translational MedicineSection of Pediatrics, Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
| | | | - Gabor Matyas
- Center for Cardiovascular Genetics and Gene Diagnostics, Foundation for People with Rare DiseasesSchlieren‐ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Marta Rubino
- Inherited and Rare Disease Unit, AORN Colli, Department of Translational Medical Sciences'Luigi Vanvitelli' UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Disease Unit, AORN Colli, Department of Translational Medical Sciences'Luigi Vanvitelli' UniversityNaplesItaly
| | - Nicola Brunetti‐Pierri
- Department of Translational MedicineSection of Pediatrics, Federico II UniversityNaplesItaly
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and MedicinePozzuoli(Naples)Italy
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Tinker RJ, Burghel GJ, Garg S, Steggall M, Cuvertino S, Banka S. Haploinsufficiency of ATP6V0C possibly underlies 16p13.3 deletions that cause microcephaly, seizures, and neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Med Genet A 2020; 185:196-202. [PMID: 33090716 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We recently contributed to the description of eight individuals with a novel condition caused by 16p13.3 microdeletions encompassing TBC1D24, ATP6V0C, and PDPK1 and resulting in epilepsy, microcephaly and neurodevelopmental problems. The phenotypic spectrum, the minimum overlapping region and the underlying disease mechanism for this disorder remain to be clarified. Here we report a 3.5-year-old male, with microcephaly, autism spectrum disorder and a de novo 16p13.3 microdeletion. We performed detailed in silico analysis to show that the minimum overlapping region for the condition is ~80Kb encompassing five protein coding genes. Analysis of loss of function constraint metrics, transcript-aware evaluation of the population variants, GeVIR scores, analysis of reported pathogenic point variants, detailed review of the known functions of gene products and their animal models showed that the haploinsufficiency of ATP6V0C likely underlies the phenotype of this condition. Protein-protein interaction network, gene phenology and analysis of topologically associating domain showed that it was unlikely that the disorder has an epistatic or regulatory basis. 16p13.3 deletions encompassing ATP6V0C cause a neurodevelopmental disorder. Our results broaden the phenotypic spectrum of this disorder and clarify the likely underlying disease mechanism for the condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory J Tinker
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - George J Burghel
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Shruti Garg
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Maggie Steggall
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Sara Cuvertino
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Leary S, Porterfield HS, Kotlarek JR, Darbro BW, Sidhu A. Interstitial duplication of 8q22.1-q23.1- A case report and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep 2019; 7:2393-2397. [PMID: 31893066 PMCID: PMC6935641 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
This report highlights the clinical features seen in duplication of 8q22.1q23.1 inherited from balanced father. It stresses the importance of obtaining a karyotype to identify the location of a large copy number variant for accurate recurrence risk estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Leary
- Carver College of MedicineUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA
| | | | - Jaclyn R. Kotlarek
- Division of Medical Genetics and GenomicsThe Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Benjamin W. Darbro
- Division of Medical Genetics and GenomicsThe Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA
| | - Alpa Sidhu
- Division of Medical Genetics and GenomicsThe Stead Family Department of PediatricsUniversity of Iowa Hospitals and ClinicsIowa CityIAUSA
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8
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Zigrino P, Sengle G. Fibrillin microfibrils and proteases, key integrators of fibrotic pathways. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 146:3-16. [PMID: 29709492 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular networks composed of multi-domain ECM proteins represent intricate cellular microenvironments which are required to balance tissue homeostasis and direct remodeling. Structural deficiency in ECM proteins results in imbalances in ECM-cell communication resulting often times in fibrotic reactions. To understand how individual components of the ECM integrate communication with the cell surface by presenting growth factors or providing fine-tuned biomechanical properties is mandatory for gaining a better understanding of disease mechanisms in the quest for new therapeutic approaches. Here we provide an overview about what we can learn from inherited connective tissue disorders caused primarily by mutations in fibrillin-1 and binding partners as well as by altered ECM processing leading to defined structural changes and similar functional knock-in mouse models. We will utilize this knowledge to propose new molecular hypotheses which should be tested in future studies.
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8q22.1 Microduplication Syndrome: Why the Brain Should Be Spared? A Literature Review and a Case Report. Case Rep Med 2018; 2018:3871425. [PMID: 30123278 PMCID: PMC6079567 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3871425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microduplication of chromosome 8q22.1 is mainly associated to Leri's pleonosteosis syndrome phenotype, an extremely rare autosomal dominant disease encompassing the GDF6 and SDC2 genes. To date, most of the authors focus their attention only on skeletal symptoms of the disease, and they do not systematically research or describe the co-occurrence of psychiatric illnesses or mental disorders with these muscular-skeletal diseases. In this report, we provide a description of an 8-year-old girl, with a positive family history for both skeletal malformations and bipolar disorders (BD). We suggest a possible association between Leri's pleonosteosis features and psychiatric symptoms. Furthermore, our report could be added to the large amount of reports that describe the correlation between genetic regions and disease risk for both psychiatric and rheumatological disorders.
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Histone Lysine Methylases and Demethylases in the Landscape of Human Developmental Disorders. Am J Hum Genet 2018; 102:175-187. [PMID: 29276005 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) underpin gene regulation. Here we demonstrate that variants causing haploinsufficiency of KMTs and KDMs are frequently encountered in individuals with developmental disorders. Using a combination of human variation databases and existing animal models, we determine 22 KMTs and KDMs as additional candidates for dominantly inherited developmental disorders. We show that KMTs and KDMs that are associated with, or are candidates for, dominant developmental disorders tend to have a higher level of transcription, longer canonical transcripts, more interactors, and a higher number and more types of post-translational modifications than other KMT and KDMs. We provide evidence to firmly associate KMT2C, ASH1L, and KMT5B haploinsufficiency with dominant developmental disorders. Whereas KMT2C or ASH1L haploinsufficiency results in a predominantly neurodevelopmental phenotype with occasional physical anomalies, KMT5B mutations cause an overgrowth syndrome with intellectual disability. We further expand the phenotypic spectrum of KMT2B-related disorders and show that some individuals can have severe developmental delay without dystonia at least until mid-childhood. Additionally, we describe a recessive histone lysine-methylation defect caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous KDM5B variants and resulting in a recognizable syndrome with developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, and camptodactyly. Collectively, these results emphasize the significance of histone lysine methylation in normal human development and the importance of this process in human developmental disorders. Our results demonstrate that systematic clinically oriented pathway-based analysis of genomic data can accelerate the discovery of rare genetic disorders.
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Cuvertino S, Stuart HM, Chandler KE, Roberts NA, Armstrong R, Bernardini L, Bhaskar S, Callewaert B, Clayton-Smith J, Davalillo CH, Deshpande C, Devriendt K, Digilio MC, Dixit A, Edwards M, Friedman JM, Gonzalez-Meneses A, Joss S, Kerr B, Lampe AK, Langlois S, Lennon R, Loget P, Ma DY, McGowan R, Des Medt M, O’Sullivan J, Odent S, Parker MJ, Pebrel-Richard C, Petit F, Stark Z, Stockler-Ipsiroglu S, Tinschert S, Vasudevan P, Villa O, White SM, Zahir FR, Woolf AS, Banka S, Banka S. ACTB Loss-of-Function Mutations Result in a Pleiotropic Developmental Disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2017; 101:1021-1033. [PMID: 29220674 PMCID: PMC5812896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
ACTB encodes β-actin, an abundant cytoskeletal housekeeping protein. In humans, postulated gain-of-function missense mutations cause Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BRWS), characterized by intellectual disability, cortical malformations, coloboma, sensorineural deafness, and typical facial features. To date, the consequences of loss-of-function ACTB mutations have not been proven conclusively. We describe heterozygous ACTB deletions and nonsense and frameshift mutations in 33 individuals with developmental delay, apparent intellectual disability, increased frequency of internal organ malformations (including those of the heart and the renal tract), growth retardation, and a recognizable facial gestalt (interrupted wavy eyebrows, dense eyelashes, wide nose, wide mouth, and a prominent chin) that is distinct from characteristics of individuals with BRWS. Strikingly, this spectrum overlaps with that of several chromatin-remodeling developmental disorders. In wild-type mouse embryos, β-actin expression was prominent in the kidney, heart, and brain. ACTB mRNA expression levels in lymphoblastic lines and fibroblasts derived from affected individuals were decreased in comparison to those in control cells. Fibroblasts derived from an affected individual and ACTB siRNA knockdown in wild-type fibroblasts showed altered cell shape and migration, consistent with known roles of cytoplasmic β-actin. We also demonstrate that ACTB haploinsufficiency leads to reduced cell proliferation, altered expression of cell-cycle genes, and decreased amounts of nuclear, but not cytoplasmic, β-actin. In conclusion, we show that heterozygous loss-of-function ACTB mutations cause a distinct pleiotropic malformation syndrome with intellectual disability. Our biological studies suggest that a critically reduced amount of this protein alters cell shape, migration, proliferation, and gene expression to the detriment of brain, heart, and kidney development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Siddharth Banka
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, The University of Manchester, M13 9PL Manchester, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital, Manchester University Foundation NHS Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, M13 9WL Manchester, UK.
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12
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Terhal PA, Verbeek NE, Knoers N, Nievelstein RJAJ, van den Ouweland A, Sakkers RJ, Speleman L, van Haaften G. Further delineation of the GDF6 related multiple synostoses syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 176:225-229. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paulien A. Terhal
- Department of Genetics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Nienke E. Verbeek
- Department of Genetics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Nine Knoers
- Department of Genetics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ralph J. Sakkers
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Lucienne Speleman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
| | - Gijs van Haaften
- Department of Genetics; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
- Center for Molecular Medicine; University Medical Center Utrecht; Utrecht Netherlands
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13
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Mansouri R, Jouan Y, Hay E, Blin-Wakkach C, Frain M, Ostertag A, Le Henaff C, Marty C, Geoffroy V, Marie PJ, Cohen-Solal M, Modrowski D. Osteoblastic heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans control bone remodeling by regulating Wnt signaling and the crosstalk between bone surface and marrow cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2902. [PMID: 28661485 PMCID: PMC5520938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Stimulating bone formation is an important challenge for bone anabolism in osteoporotic patients or to repair bone defects. The osteogenic properties of matrix glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) have been explored; however, the functions of GAGs at the surface of bone-forming cells are less documented. Syndecan-2 is a membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is associated with osteoblastic differentiation. We used a transgenic mouse model with high syndecan-2 expression in osteoblasts to enrich the bone surface with cellular GAGs. Bone mass was increased in these transgenic mice. Syndecan-2 overexpression reduced the expression of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) in bone marrow cells and strongly inhibited bone resorption. Osteoblast activity was not modified in the transgenic mice, but bone formation was decreased in 4-month-old transgenic mice because of reduced osteoblast number. Increased proteoglycan expression at the bone surface resulted in decreased osteoblastic and osteoclastic precursors in bone marrow. Indeed, syndecan-2 overexpression increased apoptosis of mesenchymal precursors within the bone marrow. However, syndecan-2 specifically promoted the vasculature characterized by high expression of CD31 and Endomucin in 6-week-old transgenic mice, but this was reduced in 12-week-old transgenic mice. Finally, syndecan-2 functions as an inhibitor of Wnt-β-catenin–T-cell factor signaling pathway, activating glycogen synthase kinase 3 and then decreasing the Wnt-dependent production of Wnt ligands and R-spondin. In conclusion, our results show that GAG supply may improve osteogenesis, but also interfere with the crosstalk between the bone surface and marrow cells, altering the supporting function of osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafik Mansouri
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Yohann Jouan
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Eric Hay
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claudine Blin-Wakkach
- CNRS, UMR 7370, LP2M, Faculté de médecine, 28 avenue de Valombrose, Nice, France.,Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, Parc Valrose, Nice, France
| | | | - Agnès Ostertag
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Marty
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Geoffroy
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Pierre J Marie
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Martine Cohen-Solal
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Modrowski
- Inserm UMR-1132, BIOSCAR, Paris, France.,Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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14
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Establishment and gene expression analysis of disease-derived induced pluripotent stem cells of scleroderma. J Dermatol Sci 2016; 84:186-196. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Zheng T, Zhang X, Wang Y, Yu X. Predicting associations between microRNAs and target genes in breast cancer by bioinformatics analyses. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:1067-1073. [PMID: 27446395 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading type of cancer among females. However, the association between microRNAs (miRNAs) and target genes in breast tumorigenesis is poorly studied. The original data set GSE26659 was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus, and then the differentially expressed miRNAs among 77 breast cancer patients and 17 controls were identified using the Limma package in R software. Furthermore, breast cancer-related differentially expressed miRNAs were selected from a human miRNA disease database and their target genes were selected from five miRNA databases. Then, functional analysis was performed for the target genes followed by construction of a miRNA-target gene network. A total of 34 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified, including 13 breast cancer-related miRNAs. Moreover, the target genes of the 13 miRNAs were significantly enriched in regulation of transcription (P=7.43E-09) and pathways related to cancer (P=3.33E-11). Finally, eight upregulated miRNAs (including hsa-miR-425) and five downregulated miRNAs (including hsa-miR-143, hsa-miR-145 and hsa-miR-125b) were identified in the miRNA-target gene network. In conclusion, using bioinformatics approaches, we demonstrate that the changes in regulation of transcription and cancer pathways may play significant roles in the process of breast cancerogenesis. Differentially expressed miRNAs and their target genes may be new targets for breast cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianying Zheng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Xiucui Yu
- Department of Chemotherapy, Cancer Center, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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16
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Wang J, Yu T, Wang Z, Ohte S, Yao RE, Zheng Z, Geng J, Cai H, Ge Y, Li Y, Xu Y, Zhang Q, Gusella JF, Fu Q, Pregizer S, Rosen V, Shen Y. A New Subtype of Multiple Synostoses Syndrome Is Caused by a Mutation in GDF6 That Decreases Its Sensitivity to Noggin and Enhances Its Potency as a BMP Signal. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:882-9. [PMID: 26643732 PMCID: PMC5268166 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) are secreted signaling molecules within the BMP family that have critical roles in joint morphogenesis during skeletal development in mice and humans. Using genetic data obtained from a six-generation Chinese family, we identified a missense variant in GDF6 (NP_001001557.1; p.Y444N) that fully segregates with a novel autosomal dominant synostoses (SYNS) phenotype, which we designate as SYNS4. Affected individuals display bilateral wrist and ankle deformities at birth and progressive conductive deafness after age 40 years. We find that the Y444N variant affects a highly conserved residue of GDF6 in a region critical for binding of GDF6 to its receptor(s) and to the BMP antagonist NOG, and show that this mutant GDF6 is a more potent stimulator of the canonical BMP signaling pathway compared with wild-type GDF6. Further, we determine that the enhanced BMP activity exhibited by mutant GDF6 is attributable to resistance to NOG-mediated antagonism. Collectively, our findings indicate that increased BMP signaling owing to a GDF6 gain-of-function mutation is responsible for loss of joint formation and profound functional impairment in patients with SYNS4. More broadly, our study highlights the delicate balance of BMP signaling required for proper joint morphogenesis and reinforces the critical role of BMP signaling in skeletal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Tingting Yu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Satoshi Ohte
- Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ru-en Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Zhaojing Zheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Juan Geng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Haiqing Cai
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yihua Ge
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yuchan Li
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Yunlan Xu
- Department of Pediatric Orthopedics, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qihua Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Steven Pregizer
- Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Claritas Genomics, Cambridge, MA, USA
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17
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Small 6q16.1 Deletions Encompassing POU3F2 Cause Susceptibility to Obesity and Variable Developmental Delay with Intellectual Disability. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:363-72. [PMID: 26833329 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic studies of intellectual disability and identification of monogenic causes of obesity in humans have made immense contribution toward the understanding of the brain and control of body mass. The leptin > melanocortin > SIM1 pathway is dysregulated in multiple monogenic human obesity syndromes but its downstream targets are still unknown. In ten individuals from six families, with overlapping 6q16.1 deletions, we describe a disorder of variable developmental delay, intellectual disability, and susceptibility to obesity and hyperphagia. The 6q16.1 deletions segregated with the phenotype in multiplex families and were shown to be de novo in four families, and there was dramatic phenotypic overlap among affected individuals who were independently ascertained without bias from clinical features. Analysis of the deletions revealed a ∼350 kb critical region on chromosome 6q16.1 that encompasses a gene for proneuronal transcription factor POU3F2, which is important for hypothalamic development and function. Using morpholino and mutant zebrafish models, we show that POU3F2 lies downstream of SIM1 and controls oxytocin expression in the hypothalamic neuroendocrine preoptic area. We show that this finding is consistent with the expression patterns of POU3F2 and related genes in the human brain. Our work helps to further delineate the neuro-endocrine control of energy balance/body mass and demonstrates that this molecular pathway is conserved across multiple species.
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18
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Banka S, Newman WG. Response to: 'Mutation in MMP2 gene may result in scleroderma-like skin thickening' by Bader-Meunier et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:e2. [PMID: 26462727 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Institute of Human Development, Manchester, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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19
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Bader-Meunier B, Bonafé L, Fraitag S, Breton S, Bodemer C, Baujat G. Mutation in MMP2 gene may result in scleroderma-like skin thickening. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:e1. [PMID: 26420579 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bader-Meunier
- Hopital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France et Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - L Bonafé
- Centre des Maladies Moleculaires (CMM), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Vaudois (CHUV), Switzerland
| | - S Fraitag
- Hopital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France et Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - S Breton
- Hopital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France et Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - C Bodemer
- Hopital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France et Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
| | - G Baujat
- Hopital Necker Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, France et Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France Imagine Institute, INSERM U1163, Paris, France
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