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Zhu R, Fang H, Wang J, Ge L, Zhang X, Aitken D, Cai G. Inflammation as a therapeutic target for osteoarthritis: A literature review of clinical trials. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:2417-2433. [PMID: 38961031 PMCID: PMC11269414 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-07042-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
The burden of osteoarthritis (OA) is rapidly increasing with population aging, but there are still no approved disease-modifying drugs available. Accumulating evidence has shown that OA is a heterogeneous disease with multiple phenotypes, and it is unlikely to respond to one-size-fits-all treatments. Inflammation is recognized as an important phenotype of OA and is associated with worse pain and joint deterioration. Therefore, it is believed that anti-inflammatory treatments may be more effective for OA with an inflammatory phenotype. In this review, we summarized clinical trials that evaluated anti-inflammatory treatments for OA and discussed whether these treatments are more effective in inflammatory OA phenotypes compared to general OA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haonan Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liru Ge
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia
| | - Guoqi Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, 7000, Australia.
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Bitsadze V, Yakubova F, Khizroeva J, Lazarchuk A, Salnikova P, Vorobev A, Tretyakova M, Degtyareva N, Grigoreva K, Gashimova N, Kvaratskheliia M, Makatsariya N, Kudryavtseva E, Tomlenova A, Gris JC, Elalamy I, Ay C, Makatsariya A. Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:668. [PMID: 38203837 PMCID: PMC10779422 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Unlike classic APS, CAPS causes multiple microthrombosis due to an increased inflammatory response, known as a "thrombotic storm". CAPS typically develops after infection, trauma, or surgery and begins with the following symptoms: fever, thrombocytopenia, muscle weakness, visual and cognitive disturbances, abdominal pain, renal failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation. Although the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies in the blood is one of the diagnostic criteria, the level of these antibodies can fluctuate significantly, which complicates the diagnostic process and can lead to erroneous interpretation of rapidly developing symptoms. Triple therapy is often used to treat CAPS, which includes the use of anticoagulants, plasmapheresis, and high doses of glucocorticosteroids and, in some cases, additional intravenous immunoglobulins. The use of LMWH is recommended as the drug of choice due to its anti-inflammatory and anticoagulant properties. CAPS is a multifactorial disease that requires not only an interdisciplinary approach but also highly qualified medical care, adequate and timely diagnosis, and appropriate prevention in the context of relapse or occurrence of the disease. Improved new clinical protocols and education of medical personnel regarding CAPS can significantly improve the therapeutic approach and reduce mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Bitsadze
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Fidan Yakubova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Jamilya Khizroeva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Arina Lazarchuk
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Polina Salnikova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Alexander Vorobev
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Maria Tretyakova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Natalia Degtyareva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Kristina Grigoreva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Nilufar Gashimova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Margaret Kvaratskheliia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Nataliya Makatsariya
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Ekaterina Kudryavtseva
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Anna Tomlenova
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
| | - Jean-Christophe Gris
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Biological Sciences, Montpellier University, 34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Ismail Elalamy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
- Department Hematology and Thrombosis Center, Medicine Sorbonne University, 75012 Paris, France
- Hospital Tenon, 4 Rue de la Chine, 75020 Paris, France
| | - Cihan Ay
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology, Medical University of Vienna, 1080 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Makatsariya
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine, N. F. Filatov Clinical Institute of Children’s Health, I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Trubetskaya Str. 8-2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (F.Y.); (J.K.); (A.L.); (P.S.); (A.V.); (M.T.); (N.D.); (K.G.); (N.G.); (M.K.); (N.M.); (E.K.); (A.T.); (J.-C.G.); (I.E.); (C.A.)
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Di Bartolomeo S, Alunno A, Carubbi F. Respiratory Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:276. [PMID: 33803847 PMCID: PMC8003168 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. The respiratory system can be involved in up to 50-70% of patients and be the presenting manifestation of the disease in 4-5% of cases. Every part of the respiratory part can be involved, and the severity can vary from mild self-limiting to life threatening forms. Respiratory involvement can be primary (caused by SLE itself) or secondary (e.g., infections or drug toxicity), acute or chronic. The course, treatment and prognosis vary greatly depending on the specific pattern of the disease. This review article aims at providing an overview of respiratory manifestations in SLE along with an update about therapeutic approaches including novel biologic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Francesco Carubbi
- Internal Medicine and Nephrology Unit, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila and Department of Medicine, ASL 1 Avezzano-Sulmona-L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Hyde R, Chung J, Faruqi I. A 36-Year-Old Woman Presenting With Left Upper Quadrant Discomfort, Encephalopathy, and Respiratory Failure. Chest 2021; 157:e127-e130. [PMID: 32252937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2019.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CASE PRESENTATION A 36-year-old woman with a history of hypertension and alcoholism reported 2 days of left upper quadrant pain and jaundice. Within hours of admission, she became somnolent and hypoxic. The patient was then intubated. She had no history of drug abuse, cigarette smoking, liver disease, autoimmune disease, or pancreatitis. She had no home medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Hyde
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
| | - Julian Chung
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Ibrahim Faruqi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Özgür G, Beyan C. Therapeutic apheresis in the treatment of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Transfus Apher Sci 2018; 57:13-15. [PMID: 29478799 DOI: 10.1016/j.transci.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Catastrophic thrombotic syndrome is characterized by occurrence of several thromboembolic occlusions which affect a variety of vascular beds over a short period of time. Catastrophic Antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) (1%) is regarded as a rare but severe variant of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Treatment with anticoagulants, steroids and therapeutic plasma exchange has been shown to give the best results. However, to treat CAPS, the best substitute for plasma is still a debatable issue because there are no standard methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gökhan Özgür
- Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, Department of Hematology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cengiz Beyan
- TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) is a severe manifestation of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Although affecting only 1% of patients with APS, the condition is frequently fatal if not recognized and treated early. Here, we will review the current approach to diagnosis and treatment of CAPS. RECENT FINDINGS Data from the international 'CAPS registry', spearheaded by the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies, have improved our understanding of at-risk patients, typical clinical features, and precipitating diagnoses. Current guidelines also continue to support the role of anticoagulants and glucocorticoids as foundation therapy in all patients. Finally, new basic science and case series suggest that novel therapies, such as rituximab and eculizumab, warrant further study. SUMMARY Attention to associated diagnoses, such as infection and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), is critical at the time of diagnosis. All patients should be treated with anticoagulants, corticosteroids, and possibly plasma exchange. In patients with SLE, cyclophosphamide should be considered. In refractory or relapsing cases, new therapies, such as rituximab and possibly eculizumab, may be options, but need further study.
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Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Coutte L, Le Guern V, Morel N, Leroux G, Paule R, Mouthon L, Piette JC. [2016 review on catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome]. Presse Med 2016; 45:1084-1092. [PMID: 27617783 DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2016.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) develops in at least 1% of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, either primary or associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. CAPS reveals the antiphospholipid syndrome in about 50% of cases. The CAPS is characterized by rapidly-progressive widespread thromboses mainly affecting the microvasculature in the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. In a few days, the patients develop multiorgan failure with renal insufficiency with severe hypertension, pulmonary, cerebral, cardiac, digestive and/or cutaneous involvement. The vital prognosis is frequently engaged. CAPS is often precipitated by infectious diseases, surgical procedures and/or withdrawal or modification of the anticoagulation. CAPS overall mortality rate has decreased and is currently below 30%. The main differential diagnoses are other thrombotic microangiopathies, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. The treatment of CAPS consists of the association of anticoagulation and steroids, plus plasma exchange and/or intravenous immunoglobulins. Cyclophosphamide is added only in patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus. The potential contribution of some additional therapies (rituximab, eculizumab or sirolimus) needs to be assessed. The prevention of CAPS is essential and is based upon the adequate management of the perioperative period when surgery cannot be avoided, the prompt treatment and the prevention with immunization of infections and the education of patients with antiphospholipid syndrome, especially for the management of oral anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Costedoat-Chalumeau
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, pôle médecine, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France.
| | - Laetitia Coutte
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, pôle médecine, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Véronique Le Guern
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, pôle médecine, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Nathalie Morel
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, pôle médecine, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Gaelle Leroux
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, centre de référence national pour le lupus systémique et le syndrome des antiphospholipides, département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
| | - Romain Paule
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, pôle médecine, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Luc Mouthon
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Paris-Descartes, hôpital Cochin, centre de référence maladies auto-immunes et systémiques rares, service de médecine interne, pôle médecine, 27, rue du Faubourg-Saint-Jacques, 75679 Paris cedex 14, France
| | - Jean-Charles Piette
- Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, centre de référence national pour le lupus systémique et le syndrome des antiphospholipides, département de médecine interne et d'immunologie clinique, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75651 Paris cedex 13, France
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Mao MA, Wu Y, Fidler ME, Cramer CH, Bower TC, Qian Q. Abdominal Pain, Flank Pain, Blurry Vision, and Lower Extremity Weakness in a 16-Year-Old Female. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:1423-9. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - YiFan Wu
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Qi Qian
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine; Rochester Minnesota
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Cartin-Ceba R, Peikert T, Ashrani A, Keogh K, Wylam ME, Ytterberg S, Specks U. Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome-Associated Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:301-10. [DOI: 10.1002/acr.22109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Dabar G, Harmouch C. [Alveolar haemorrhage associated with the primary antiphospholipid syndrome]. Rev Mal Respir 2013; 30:71-6. [PMID: 23318193 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2012.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Thrombotic events, particularly pulmonary embolism, are well known presentations of the antiphospholipid syndrome. Other pulmonary manifestations of the disease like alveolar haemorrhage are rare but can represent a catastrophic aspect of this disease. Alveolar haemorrhage in this context is important to recognize since it can be either a complication of anticoagulation therapy or a manifestation of the disease. The therapeutic implications are then very different. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a woman with massive pulmonary embolism treated with thrombolytic therapy. This was complicated by alveolar hemorrhage initially attributed to thrombolytics and recurrent bleeding considered to be a manifestation of the antiphospholipid syndrome. The complicated course necessitated a protracted stay in the intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, and treatment with intravenous corticosteroids and plasmapheresis. CONCLUSION Alveolar haemorrhage associated with the antiphospholipid syndrome can be catastrophic and require prompt and aggressive therapy. Plasmapheresis, usually reserved for the catastrophic aspects of this condition, was felt to be useful in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Dabar
- Service de pneumologie et de réanimation, hôpital Hôtel Dieu, BP 16-6830, Beyrouth, Liban.
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Gheita T, Abo-Zeid A, El-Fishawy H. Pulmonary involvement in asymptomatic systemic lupus erythematosus patients with antiphospholipid syndrome multislice CT angiography and pulmonary involvement in asymptomatic SLE patients with APS. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF CHEST DISEASES AND TUBERCULOSIS 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcdt.2012.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Arnaud L, Saadoun D, Chastre J, Leroux G, Cacoub P, Amoura Z, Piette JC. Le syndrome catastrophique des antiphospholipides. Rev Med Interne 2012; 33:194-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Karras A. Syndromes pneumorénaux. MEDECINE INTENSIVE REANIMATION 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13546-011-0332-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Ozawa K, Tazawa K, Kishida D, Fukushima K, Matsuda M, Ikeda S. Transient pulmonary edema following Adrenal Infarction in a patient with primary Anti-phospholipid syndrome. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS: CASE REPORTS 2012; 5:163-8. [PMID: 23239931 PMCID: PMC3520181 DOI: 10.4137/ccrep.s10808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a patient with primary anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) who developed pulmonary edema following sudden-onset pain in the left, lower back of the chest. Radiological examinations demonstrated fresh infarction of the left adrenal gland but no obvious thrombi in pulmonary arteries. The patient quickly recovered from pulmonary edema with anti-coagulation therapy alone. Primary APS may have caused adrenal infarction in the patient, leading to transient pulmonary edema via microthrombosis and/or excessive release of catecholamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Ozawa
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
| | - K. Tazawa
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
| | - D. Kishida
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
| | - K. Fukushima
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
| | - M. Matsuda
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
| | - S. Ikeda
- Department of Medicine (Neurology and Rheumatology), Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto
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15
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Pleural and pulmonary involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Presse Med 2011; 40:e19-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2010.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/04/2010] [Accepted: 11/05/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Ford HJ, Roubey RA. Pulmonary Manifestations of the Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome. Clin Chest Med 2010; 31:537-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccm.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Cervera R. Update on the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2010; 12:70-6. [PMID: 20425537 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-009-0073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is a potentially life-threatening condition, the diagnosis of which requires a high degree of clinical awareness on the part of attending physicians. Patients with APS present with 1) clinical evidence of multiple organ involvement developed over a very short time; 2) histopathologic evidence of multiple small-vessel occlusions; and 3) laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies, usually in high titer. A combination of anticoagulants, corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins, and plasma exchanges is the basic treatment for all patients with this severe condition. Unfortunately, despite current therapies, the mortality rate is still high (around 30%). However, once patients with catastrophic APS have recovered, they usually follow a stable course with continued anticoagulation and few patients present with a relapse of the catastrophic episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Servei de Malalties Autoimmunes, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Catalonia, 08036, Spain.
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18
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19
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Abstract
Although less than 1% of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) develop the catastrophic variant, its potentially lethal outcome emphasizes its importance in clinical medicine today. However, the rarity of this variant makes it extraordinarily difficult to study in any systematic way. In order to put together all of the published case reports as well as the new diagnosed cases from all over the world, an international registry of patients with catastrophic APS (CAPS Registry) was created in 2000 by the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies (see http://www.med.ub.es/MIMMUN/FORUM/CAPS.HTM). Currently, it documents the entire clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data of more than 300 patients whose data has been fully registered.
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20
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Bucciarelli S, Espinosa G, Cervera R. The CAPS Registry: morbidity and mortality of the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. Lupus 2009; 18:905-12. [PMID: 19671791 DOI: 10.1177/0961203309106833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Although less than 1% of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) develop the catastrophic variant, its potentially lethal outcome emphasises its importance in clinical medicine today. However, the rarity of this variant makes it extraordinarily difficult to study in any systematic way. To put together all the published case reports as well as the new diagnosed cases from all over the world, an international registry of patients with catastrophic APS (CAPS Registry) was created in 2000 by the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Currently, it documents the entire clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data of more than 300 patients whose data has been fully registered. This registry can be freely consulted at the Internet (http://www.med.ub.es/MIMMUN/FORUM/CAPS.HTM), and it is expected that the periodical analysis of these data will allow us to increase our knowledge of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bucciarelli
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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21
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Makhoul BF, Guralnik L, Azzam ZS. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome presented with abdominal, pulmonary, and bone marrow complications. Rheumatol Int 2009; 30:401-4. [PMID: 19449189 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-009-0946-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We are presenting a case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome in an adult female manifesting with abdominal thrombosis, pancytopenia, and alveolar hemorrhage. Alveolar hemorrhage is infrequently reported as it is difficult to diagnose, but it is considered as a life-threatening condition. The diagnosis should be made promptly based on clinical symptoms coupled with radiological features. Once this diagnosis is suspected, treatment with corticosteroids and anticoagulation must be initiated as soon as possible in order to reduce severe morbidity and high mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badira F Makhoul
- Department of Internal Medicine "B", Rambam Health Care Center, P.O. Box 9602, 31096 Haifa, Israel
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22
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Cervera R, Bucciarelli S, Plasín MA, Gómez-Puerta JA, Plaza J, Pons-Estel G, Shoenfeld Y, Ingelmo M, Espinos G. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS): Descriptive analysis of a series of 280 patients from the “CAPS Registry”. J Autoimmun 2009; 32:240-5. [PMID: 19324520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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23
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BARALIAKOS XENOFON, LISTING JOACHIM, von der RECKE ANNA, BRAUN JURGEN. The Natural Course of Radiographic Progression in Ankylosing Spondylitis — Evidence for Major Individual Variations in a Large Proportion of Patients. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:997-1002. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Objective.To describe the natural course of radiographic progression and to differentiate rates of progression in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods.Overall, 146 patients with AS who had never received anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy were analyzed in this retrospective cohort study. The main inclusion criterion was the availability of complete sets of cervical and lumbar radiographs from at least 2 timepoints within 6 years. Using the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spine Score (mSASSS), we quantified the structural changes and assessed different rates of radiographic progression based on development of new syndesmophytes/year.Results.The mean followup time was 3.8 ± 1.7 years (range 1–6) and the mean number of consecutive radiographs was 2.7 (range 2–6) per patient. The mean mSASSS change/year was 1.3 ± 2.5 units. Radiographic progression showed much variability, since 43% of patients showed a 4-fold greater rate of progression than the mean, and 23% had no progression. The data-based definition for “fast progression” was calculated as a change > 5 mSASSS units or > 2 new syndesmophytes; for “moderate progression” as change of 2.0–5.0 mSASSS units or < 2 new syndesmophytes; and for “slow progression” as change of < 2 mSASSS units or no more than 1 new syndesmophyte within 2 years. The only factor to predict future radiographic progression was the number of syndesmophytes at baseline.Conclusion.Radiographic progression in AS is rather variable and many patients show high rates of progression. On the basis of this retrospective dataset we propose to differentiate patients on an individual level according to their progression rates: patients with fast, moderate, and slow radiographic progression, assessed by counting new syndesmophytes. Predicting radiographic progression remains difficult; only the prevalence of syndesmophytes at baseline is predictive of future damage.
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24
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A patient with antihistidyl-tRNA synthetase positive polymyositis presenting as acute respiratory distress syndrome. J Clin Rheumatol 2009; 14:219-21. [PMID: 18766122 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e31817de0d4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We describe an unusual case of a 48-year-old white woman diagnosed with positive antihistidyl-trna synthetase antibody polymyositis (PM) shortly after suffering from life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). In view of the fact that evaluation for infectious or noninfectious etiologies of ARDS was unrevealing, we reasoned that systemic inflammation in early subclinical PM may have precipitated alveolar-capillary membrane injury. One year after onset, PM has been maintained in remission with oral prednisone and azathioprine. This is the first report of a patient in whom ARDS was the presenting feature of anti-Jo-1 positive PM.
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25
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Stojanovich L, Marisavljevic D, Rovensky J, Djokovich A, Kozáková D, Milinic N. Clinical and Laboratory Features of the Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008; 36:74-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-008-8108-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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The Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome in Serbia: Diagnostic and Management Problems. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2008; 36:98-103. [DOI: 10.1007/s12016-008-8102-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Abstract
Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by multiple organ involvement developing over a very short period of time, histopathological evidence of multiple small vessel occlusions, and laboratory confirmation of the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies. Knowledge of its treatment is vital as the outcome can be lethal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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28
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Kinjo K, Terabe H, Ogawa M, Takeda H, Cho D, Hoshino S, Miyahira T, Oshiro M. A case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome as the initial manifestation. Rheumatol Int 2008; 29:211-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-008-0649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Asherson RA, Espinosa G, Menahem S, Yinh J, Bucciarelli S, Bosch X, Cervera R. Relapsing Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Report of Three Cases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2008; 37:366-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2007.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 07/11/2007] [Accepted: 08/10/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Biologicals in der frühen Behandlung des M. Bechterew und verwandter Spondyloarthritiden. Wien Med Wochenschr 2008; 158:200-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s10354-008-0522-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2007] [Accepted: 01/28/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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31
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Swigris JJ, Fischer A, Gillis J, Gilles J, Meehan RT, Brown KK. Pulmonary and thrombotic manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Chest 2008; 133:271-80. [PMID: 18187752 DOI: 10.1378/chest.07-0079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is considered the archetypal systemic autoimmune disease. Clinically characterized by multisystem involvement and varied serologic abnormalities, no two patients present or have disease that evolves in exactly the same way. Viewed histologically, SLE is characterized by some combination of inflammation and fibrosis, and the clinical phenotype is dictated by the relative contributions of each and the organs affected. Tissue injury appears to be mediated by characteristic autoantibody production, immune complex formation, and their organ-specific deposition. As expected in a multisystem disease, the entire pulmonary system is vulnerable to injury. Any of its compartments-airways, lung parenchyma, vasculature, pleura, or the respiratory musculature-may be independently or simultaneously affected. This article offers the reader a comprehensive review of the numerous pulmonary and thrombotic manifestations of SLE and suggests approaches to their management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Swigris
- Autoimmune Lung Disease Center, National Jewish Medical and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
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32
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Maksymowych WP. Update on the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2007; 3:1125-33. [PMID: 18516314 PMCID: PMC2387283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) remain the mainstay of treatment for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) though one recent trial suggests that continuous as opposed to on-demand use may be superior in preventing progression of structural damage. One particular NSAID, which is a highly selective cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor, etoricoxib, may be superior to standard NSAIDs for AS. Second-line agents typically used for rheumatoid arthritis appear to lack efficacy. Salazopyrin is only moderately effective in the subgroup of AS patients with concomitant peripheral arthritis and not in those with purely axial disease. A recent trial showed that there is no greater efficacy in patients presenting early in their disease course. Three anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents, infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab, are now available for the treatment of AS, the latest being adalimumab. All possess similar clinical efficacy in phase III trials with response rates of about 60%. Imaging studies using magnetic resonance show substantial amelioration of inflammatory lesions in the spine and sacroiliac joints. There is as yet no evidence that any of these agents prevent progression of structural damage. One study that evaluated etanercept demonstrated no impact on damage progression. Increasing evidence points to the superiority of the two monoclonal antibodies, infliximab and adalimumab, over etanercept for the treatment of extra-articular manifestations typically seen in AS such as acute anterior uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease. All three agents can be used as monotherapy and concomitant methotrexate appears to offer no advantages although insufficient doses have been used to date. Future studies should target patients earlier in their disease course as well as those with adverse prognostic factors such as elevated serum metalloproteinase 3 levels and radiographic evidence of spinal ankylosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter P Maksymowych
- Heritage Medical Research Building, University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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33
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Cervera R, Bucciarelli S, Espinosa G, Gómez-Puerta JA, Ramos-Casals M, Shoenfeld Y, Piette JC, Asherson RA. Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Lessons from the "CAPS Registry" A Tribute to the Late Josep Font. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1108:448-56. [PMID: 17894009 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1422.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Although less than 1% of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) develop the catastrophic variant, its potentially lethal outcome emphasizes its importance in clinical medicine today. However, the rarity of this variant makes it extraordinarily difficult to study in any systematic way. In order to put together all the published case reports as well as the new diagnosed cases from all over the world, an international registry of patients with catastrophic APS ("CAPS Registry") was created in 2000 by the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Currently, it documents the entire clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data of more than 300 patients whose data have been fully registered. This registry can be freely consulted at the Internet (www.med.ub.es/MIMMUN/FORUM/CAPS.HTM) and it is expected that the periodical analysis of these data will allow us to increase our knowledge of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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34
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Cervera R, Asherson RA. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: therapeutic developments. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2007; 3:277-85. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.3.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Starakis I, Mazokopakis E, Siagris D, Liossis S, Karatza C, Antonopoulos A. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome presented with severe hypertension, adult respiratory distress syndrome and unilateral adrenal haemorrhagic infarction. Rheumatol Int 2007; 27:781-3. [PMID: 17436001 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-007-0348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2007] [Accepted: 03/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We are reporting a case of catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) in an adult female manifested with severe hypertension followed by adrenal haemorrhagic infarction and adult respiratory distress syndrome. Adrenal involvement appears to be exceedingly high in CAPS and adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the prevailing pulmonary manifestation in this condition, compared with these impediments in patients with simple antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Even though the above manifestations are well recognized, their combination as an initial presentation of CAPS is uncommon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Starakis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Patras University Hospital, 26500 Rion, Patras, Greece.
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36
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Lories RJU, Derese I, de Bari C, Luyten FP. Evidence for uncoupling of inflammation and joint remodeling in a mouse model of spondylarthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:489-97. [PMID: 17265484 DOI: 10.1002/art.22372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between inflammation and remodeling by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) in male DBA/1 mice with spontaneous arthritis, a model of spondylarthritis (SpA). METHODS TNFalpha was inhibited using etanercept, a soluble TNF receptor. The efficacy of the dose used (25 micro g/mouse) was confirmed in methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA)-induced monarthritis, a model of inflammation-driven joint destruction. Male DBA/1 mice with spontaneous arthritis were caged together from the age of 10 weeks onward and were treated twice weekly with etanercept. The incidence and clinical severity of disease were recorded. Mice were killed at age 25 weeks, and histomorphologic analysis was performed. The presence of TNFalpha, NF-kappaB, and Smad signaling was studied using immunohistochemistry. Entheseal endochondral bone formation was modeled using micromass cultures of periosteal cells. RESULTS Etanercept inhibited mouse TNFalpha in vitro and in vivo. Etanercept treatment of mBSA-induced arthritis had a significant effect on the severity of disease. Etanercept did not affect the incidence or severity of spontaneous arthritis. Pathologic analysis revealed no differences between etanercept-treated and phosphate buffered saline-treated mice. TNFalpha-positive cells were observed in the synovium, in vessel-associated cells, in fibrocartilage, and in new cartilage. Activation of Smad signaling was observed in earlier stages of disease than was active NF-kappaB signaling. TNFalpha inhibited chondrogenesis in the micromass model. CONCLUSION Inhibition of TNF did not affect the severity and incidence of joint ankylosis in a mouse model of SpA. Therefore, the process of entheseal ankylosis may be independent of TNF. New tissue formation in SpA could be considered an additional and specific therapeutic target.
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37
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Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kalomenidis I, Kapotsis GE, Karakatsani A, Roussos C. Bench-to-bedside review: pulmonary-renal syndromes--an update for the intensivist. Crit Care 2007; 11:213. [PMID: 17493292 PMCID: PMC2206392 DOI: 10.1186/cc5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The term Pulmonary-renal syndrome refers to the combination of diffuse alveolar haemorrhage and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. A variety of mechanisms such as those involving antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies, antineutrophil cytoplasm antibodies or immunocomplexes and thrombotic microangiopathy are implicated in the pathogenesis of this syndrome. The underlying pulmonary pathology is small-vessel vasculitis involving arterioles, venules and, frequently, alveolar capillaries. The underlying renal pathology is a form of focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. Immunofluorescence helps to distinguish between antiglomerular basement membrane disease (linear deposition of IgG), lupus and postinfectious glomerulonephritis (granular deposition of immunoglobulin and complement) and necrotizing vasculitis (pauci-immune glomerulonephritis). Patients may present with severe respiratory and/or renal failure and require admission to the intensive care unit. Since the syndrome is characterized by a fulminant course if left untreated, early diagnosis, exclusion of infection, close monitoring of the patient and timely initiation of treatment are crucial for the patient's outcome. Treatment consists of corticosteroids in high doses, and cytotoxic agents coupled with plasma exchange in certain cases. Renal transplantation is the only alternative in end-stage renal disease. Newer immunomodulatory agents such as those causing TNF blockade, B-cell depletion and mycophenolate mofetil could be used in patients with refractory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros A Papiris
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Effrosyni D Manali
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Kalomenidis
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Giorgios E Kapotsis
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- 2nd Pulmonary Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Attikon' University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Charis Roussos
- Department of Critical Care and Pulmonary Services, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 'Evangelismos' Hospital, Athens, Greece
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38
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Abstract
Catastrophic APS is a potentially life-threatening condition with a high mortality, which requires high clinical awareness. New mechanisms for its production can only be explored if samples are obtained, stored, and dis-patched to investigation sites in Europe (Barcelona), the United States (Atlanta), and Japan (Sapporo). Details will be posted and made available on the International Registry Web Site in 2006. It is essential that the condition be diagnosed early and treated aggressively. The combination of high doses of iv heparin, iv steroids plus repeated doses of iv gammaglobulins or plasma exchange is the treatment of choice in patients with this severe condition. Additionally, preventive measures in patients with APS may be effective if the development of the catastrophic APS is to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036-Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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39
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Cervera R, Espinosa G, Bucciarelli S, Gómez-Puerta JA, Font J. Lessons from the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) registry. Autoimmun Rev 2006; 6:81-4. [PMID: 17138248 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2006.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although less than 1% of patients with the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) develop the catastrophic variant, its potentially lethal outcome emphasizes its importance in clinical medicine today. However, the rarity of this variant makes it extraordinarily difficult to study in any systematic way. In order to put together all the published case reports as well as the new diagnosed cases from all over the world, an international registry of patients with catastrophic APS ("CAPS Registry") was created in 2000 by the European Forum on Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Currently, it documents the entire clinical, laboratory and therapeutic data of more than 300 patients whose data has been fully registered. This registry can be freely consulted at the Internet (www.med.ub.es/MIMMUN/FORUM/CAPS.HTM) and it is expected that the periodical analysis of these data will allow us to increase our knowledge of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricard Cervera
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
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