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Boon L, Belmondo T, Vulsteke JB, Wuyts G, Derua R, Hüe S, Bossuyt X. Anti-Ki/anti-PA28γ autoantibodies contribute to the HEp-2 indirect immunofluorescence nuclear speckled pattern. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:435-441. [PMID: 36445291 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) are associated with several autoimmune diseases. Indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) on human epithelial type 2 (HEp-2) cells is the golden standard for ANA detection in the clinic. In case of a positive HEp-2 IIF test result, follow-up tests are done to determine autoantibody specificity. For a fraction of the HEp-2 IIF-positive samples, the nature of the autoantigens remains uncharacterized. Our objective was to characterize autoantigens in such samples. METHODS To characterize autoantigens in an unbiased way, we combined protein immunoprecipitation with liquid chromatography (LC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) sequencing. RESULTS Using such approach we detected the Ki antigen, also referred to as PA28γ, in the immunoprecipitate of serum samples of three individuals with an autoimmune disease. The HEp-2 nuclear speckled IIF fluorescent signal of all three serum samples was abolished after pre-absorption of the serum with recombinant Ki antigen, confirming that autoantibodies against Ki underlie the HEp-2 IIF signal. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that anti-Ki autoantibodies can underlie a nuclear speckled HEp-2 IIF pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Boon
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Belmondo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Vulsteke
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Greet Wuyts
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rita Derua
- Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sophie Hüe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil, France
| | - Xavier Bossuyt
- Clinical and Diagnostic Immunology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Mahler M, Bentow C, Aure MA, Fritzler MJ, Satoh M. Significance of Autoantibodies to Ki/SL as Biomarkers for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Sicca Syndrome. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11123529. [PMID: 35743599 PMCID: PMC9224748 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11123529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti-Ki/SL antibodies were first described in 1981 and have been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sicca syndrome. Despite the long history, very little is known about this autoantibody system, and significant confusion persists. Anti-Ki/SL antibodies target a 32 kDa protein (also known as PSME3, HEL-S-283, PA28ƴ, REGƴ, proteasome activator subunit 3), which is part of the proteasome complex. Depending on the assay used and the cohort studied, the antibodies have been reported in approximately 20% of SLE patients with high disease specificity as compared to non-connective tissue disease controls. The aim of this review is to summarize the history and key publications, and to explore future direction of anti-Ki/SL antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mahler
- Werfen Autoimmunity, San Diego, CA 92131, USA; (C.B.); (M.-A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-858-586-9900
| | - Chelsea Bentow
- Werfen Autoimmunity, San Diego, CA 92131, USA; (C.B.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Mary-Ann Aure
- Werfen Autoimmunity, San Diego, CA 92131, USA; (C.B.); (M.-A.A.)
| | - Marvin J. Fritzler
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada;
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Department of Clinical Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu 807-8555, Japan;
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Binsaleh NK, Eltayeb R, Qanash H, Aziz MA, Albaradie R, Khan MWA. Presence of Circulatory Autoantibodies Against ROS-Modified Histone H1 Protein in Lymphoma Patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:909903. [PMID: 35692834 PMCID: PMC9174583 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.909903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is a chronic inflammatory disease in which the immune system is highly affected. Increased oxidative stress is one of the common conditions of cancer and affects macromolecules. Histone modifications affect the chromatin structure and functions. In this study, histone H1 (His-H1) protein was modified by reactive oxygen species (ROS), and structural and chemical changes were studied. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) patients were selected, and oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and serum autoantibodies were analyzed using biochemical and immunological assays. Furthermore, the formation of antigen-antibody immune complexes was assessed by the Langmuir plot. ROS-modified His-H1 (ROS-His-H1) showed substantial structural perturbation in protein (UV-hyperchromicity and increased intrinsic fluorescence) compared to the native His-H1 protein. A possible explanation for the changes is suggested by the exposure of the aromatic chromophore to the solvent. In-depth structural analysis by circular dichroism (CD) exhibited major changes in α-helix (−21.43%) and turns (+33%), reflecting changes in the secondary structure of histone H1 protein after ROS exposure. ELISA and competitive ELISA findings revealed high recognitions of serum autoantibodies to ROS-His-H1 from NHL, followed by HL subjects. Healthy controls showed negligible binding. Non-modified His-H1 did not show any binding with serum samples from either cohort. High apparent association constants (ACCs) were calculated for ROS-His-H1 using purified IgGs from NHL (1.46 × 10–6 M) compared to HL (1.33 × 10–6 M) patients. Non-modified His-H1 exhibited a hundred times less ACC for NHL (2.38 × 10–8 M) and HL (2.46 × 10–8 M) patients. Thus, ROS modifications of histone H1 cause structural changes and expose cryptic neo-epitopes on the protein against which autoantibodies were generated. These perturbations might affect the histone DNA interaction dynamics and potentially be correlated with gene dysregulation. These subtle molecular changes with an immune imbalance might further aggravate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naif K. Binsaleh
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Eltayeb
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam Qanash
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Aziz
- Interdisciplinary Nanotechnology Centre, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Raid Albaradie
- Applied Medical Sciences College, Majmaah University, Al Majma’ah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Wajid Ali Khan
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- *Correspondence: Mohd Wajid Ali Khan,
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Sorokin AV, Kim ER, Ovchinnikov LP. Proteasome system of protein degradation and processing. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2010; 74:1411-42. [PMID: 20210701 DOI: 10.1134/s000629790913001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, degradation of most intracellular proteins is realized by proteasomes. The substrates for proteolysis are selected by the fact that the gate to the proteolytic chamber of the proteasome is usually closed, and only proteins carrying a special "label" can get into it. A polyubiquitin chain plays the role of the "label": degradation affects proteins conjugated with a ubiquitin (Ub) chain that consists at minimum of four molecules. Upon entering the proteasome channel, the polypeptide chain of the protein unfolds and stretches along it, being hydrolyzed to short peptides. Ubiquitin per se does not get into the proteasome, but, after destruction of the "labeled" molecule, it is released and labels another molecule. This process has been named "Ub-dependent protein degradation". In this review we systematize current data on the Ub-proteasome system, describe in detail proteasome structure, the ubiquitination system, and the classical ATP/Ub-dependent mechanism of protein degradation, as well as try to focus readers' attention on the existence of alternative mechanisms of proteasomal degradation and processing of proteins. Data on damages of the proteasome system that lead to the development of different diseases are given separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Sorokin
- Institute of Protein Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
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Voigt A, Trimpert C, Bartel K, Egerer K, Kuckelkorn U, Feist E, Gericke C, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Felix SB, Baumann G, Kloetzel PM, Stangl K, Staudt A. Lack of evidence for a pathogenic role of proteasome-directed autoimmunity in dilated cardiomyopathy. Basic Res Cardiol 2010; 105:557-67. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-010-0096-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Revised: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Porcheray F, Wong W, Saidman SL, De Vito J, Girouard TC, Chittenden M, Shaffer J, Tolkoff-Rubin N, Dey BR, Spitzer TR, Colvin RB, Cosimi AB, Kawai T, Sachs DH, Sykes M, Zorn E. B-cell immunity in the context of T-cell tolerance after combined kidney and bone marrow transplantation in humans. Am J Transplant 2009; 9:2126-35. [PMID: 19624570 PMCID: PMC2837587 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2009.02738.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Five patients with end-stage kidney disease received combined kidney and bone marrow transplants from HLA haploidentical donors following nonmyeloablative conditioning to induce renal allograft tolerance. Immunosuppressive therapy was successfully discontinued in four patients with subsequent follow-up of 3 to more than 6 years. This allograft acceptance was accompanied by specific T-cell unresponsiveness to donor antigens. However, two of these four patients showed evidence of de novo antibodies reactive to donor antigens between 1 and 2 years posttransplant. These humoral responses were characterized by the presence of donor HLA-specific antibodies in the serum with or without the deposition of the complement molecule C4d in the graft. Immunofluorescence staining, ELISA assays and antibody profiling using protein microarrays demonstrated the co-development of auto- and alloantibodies in these two patients. These responses were preceded by elevated serum BAFF levels and coincided with B-cell reconstitution as revealed by a high frequency of transitional B cells in the periphery. To date, these B cell responses have not been associated with evidence of humoral rejection and their clinical significance is still unclear. Overall, our findings showed the development of B-cell allo- and autoimmunity in patients with T-cell tolerance to the donor graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Porcheray
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - W. Wong
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - S. L Saidman
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. De Vito
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - T. C. Girouard
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M. Chittenden
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - J. Shaffer
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - N. Tolkoff-Rubin
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - B. R. Dey
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - T. R. Spitzer
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - R. B. Colvin
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - A. B. Cosimi
- Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - T. Kawai
- Transplant Unit, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - D. H. Sachs
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M. Sykes
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - E. Zorn
- Transplantation Biology Research Center, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Corresponding author: Emmanuel Zorn,
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Konstantinova IM, Tsimokha AS, Mittenberg AG. Role of proteasomes in cellular regulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 267:59-124. [PMID: 18544497 DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)00602-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The 26S proteasome is the key enzyme of the ubiquitin-dependent pathway of protein degradation. This energy-dependent nanomachine is composed of a 20S catalytic core and associated regulatory complexes. The eukaryotic 20S proteasomes demonstrate besides several kinds of peptidase activities, the endoribonuclease, protein-chaperone and DNA-helicase activities. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway controls the levels of the key regulatory proteins in the cell and thus is essential for life and is involved in regulation of crucial cellular processes. Proteasome population in the cell is structurally and functionally heterogeneous. These complexes are subjected to tightly organized regulation, particularly, to a variety of posttranslational modifications. In this review we will summarize the current state of knowledge regarding proteasome participation in the control of cell cycle, apoptosis, differentiation, modulation of immune responses, reprogramming of these particles during these processes, their heterogeneity and involvement in the main levels of gene expression.
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