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Wang C, Stanciu CE, Ehrhardt CJ, Yadavalli VK. Nanoscale characterization of forensically relevant epithelial cells and surface associated extracellular DNA. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 277:252-258. [PMID: 28672218 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy provides a novel morphological and physico-chemical perspective to analyze epithelial cell samples in forensic investigations. As a nanoscale, single cell tool, it allows the investigation of scarce samples in a non-destructive fashion. Using chemical force spectroscopy, it permits the identification of specific functional groups or surface molecules. Of specific interest is the presence of extracellular DNA (eDNA) on the surface of epithelial cells that line the exterior skin and interior cavities of human bodies, and can transfer onto surfaces through contact with skin and saliva. To date, this eDNA has only been measured a bulk level. Here, using nanoscale imaging, we first describe the unique differences between keratinized epithelial cells and non-keratinized buccal cells. Then via a force mapping technique, we show how eDNA can be spatially located and quantified on the cell surface. Our results suggest that presence and relative quantity of surface-associated, extracellular DNA signatures can be analyzed on individual epithelial cells from different tissue sources, providing a new tool in the forensic analysis of touch samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhou Wang
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Cristina E Stanciu
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Vamsi K Yadavalli
- Department of Chemical and Life Science Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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Varela-Eirin M, Varela-Vazquez A, Rodríguez-Candela Mateos M, Vila-Sanjurjo A, Fonseca E, Mascareñas JL, Eugenio Vázquez M, Mayan MD. Recruitment of RNA molecules by connexin RNA-binding motifs: Implication in RNA and DNA transport through microvesicles and exosomes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:728-736. [PMID: 28167212 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Connexins (Cxs) are integral membrane proteins that form high-conductance plasma membrane channels, allowing communication from cell to cell (via gap junctions) and from cells to the extracellular environment (via hemichannels). Initially described for their role in joining excitable cells (nerve and muscle), gap junctions (GJs) are found between virtually all cells in solid tissues and are essential for functional coordination by enabling the direct transfer of small signalling molecules, metabolites, ions, and electrical signals from cell to cell. Several studies have revealed diverse channel-independent functions of Cxs, which include the control of cell growth and tumourigenicity. Connexin43 (Cx43) is the most widespread Cx in the human body. The myriad roles of Cx43 and its implication in the development of disorders such as cancer, inflammation, osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's disease have given rise to many novel questions. Several RNA- and DNA-binding motifs were predicted in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences using different computational methods. This review provides insights into new, ground-breaking functions of Cxs, highlighting important areas for future work such as transfer of genetic information through extracellular vesicles. We discuss the implication of potential RNA- and DNA-binding domains in the Cx43 and Cx26 sequences in the cellular communication and control of signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Varela-Eirin
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CH-Universitario A Coruña (XXIAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), University of A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Adrian Varela-Vazquez
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CH-Universitario A Coruña (XXIAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), University of A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Marina Rodríguez-Candela Mateos
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CH-Universitario A Coruña (XXIAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), University of A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Anton Vila-Sanjurjo
- Grupo GIBE, Departamento de Bioloxía Celular e Molecular, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de A Coruña (UDC), Campus Zapateira, s/n 15.071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Eduardo Fonseca
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CH-Universitario A Coruña (XXIAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), University of A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84 15006 A Coruña, Spain
| | - José L Mascareñas
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Eugenio Vázquez
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Química Biolóxica e Materiais Moleculares (CIQUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria D Mayan
- CellCOM research group, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), CH-Universitario A Coruña (XXIAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), University of A Coruña, Xubias de Arriba, 84 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
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Ru JL, Zhao Y, Xie XX, Che GZ, Cheng CF, Zhao HM, Jin ZY, Sun HP, Li XF. Clinical applications of the indirect immunofluorescence assay for detection of anticell membrane-associated DNA antibodies in juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus. Pediatr Res 2015; 77:376-80. [PMID: 25406901 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2014.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (JSLE) has a higher mortality risk compared to adult-onset SLE. We compared the diagnostic value of anti-cmDNA antibodies with that of antinucleosome antibodies (AnuA), anti-Sm antibodies, and anti-dsDNA antibodies and human B lymphocyte Raji cells with that of human promyelocytic leukemia HL60 cells as substrates in an indirect immunofluorescence assay to detect anti-cmDNA antibodies in JSLE patients. METHODS We recruited 92 JSLE patients and 71 patients with other juvenile-onset rheumatic diseases. Anti-cmDNA antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected in patient sera using indirect immunofluorescence assays. Anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected by combining ELISA and indirect immunofluorescence. Anti-Sm antibodies were detected by double immunodiffusion assay and immunoblotting, while AnuA were detected by ELISA. RESULTS The JSLE group had a significantly higher percentage of patients positive for anti-cmDNA compared to patients with other rheumatoid diseases. Using one antibody for diagnosis, anti-cm DNA antibodies had the highest accuracy at 84.0%; using two antibodies, the combination of anti-cm DNA and anti-dsDNA antibodies had 90.8% accuracy. Raji cells used as substrate demonstrated a stronger intensity of fluorescent patterns compared to HL60 cells. CONCLUSION The high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of detection of anti-cmDNA antibodies make it a valuable diagnostic tool for JSLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-li Ru
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-xiang Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guo-zhu Che
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Chuan-fang Cheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hua-ming Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Zhi-yong Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hui-ping Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The 264th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiao-feng Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Rao L, Liu G, Li C, Li Y, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Tong S, Wu X. Specificity of anti-SSB as a diagnostic marker for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus. Exp Ther Med 2013; 5:1710-1714. [PMID: 23837059 PMCID: PMC3702711 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2013.1051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of anti-Sjögren’s syndrome type B (SSB) antibodies for diagnosing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to understand the correlation between anti-SSB antibodies and the clinical manifestations of SLE. A line immunoassay (LIA) was used to detect the presence of serum anti-SSB antibodies in SLE patients. The clinical manifestations of the patients were recorded to enable their correlation with the serum anti-SSB antibodies to be analyzed. In 25.7% of the 74 SLE patients, the serum was positive for anti-SSB antibodies, whereas only 3.3% of the 30 control cases were positive. The specificity of anti-SSB antibodies for detecting SLE was 96.7%. In anti-SSB antibody-positive SLE patients, the incidence of cheek erythema, alopecia, serositis, secondary Sjögren’s syndrome (sSS), leukocytopenia, elevated immunoglobulin (Ig)G and positive presence of anti-Sjögren’s syndrome type A (SSA)60 or anti-SSA52 antibodies was higher than in the anti-SSB antibody-negative group (P<0.05). Anti-SSB antibodies are important for the diagnosis of SLE and are associated with cheek erythema, alopecia, serositis, sSS, leukocytopenia, the elevation of IgG and positive presence of anti-SSA60 or anti-SSA52 antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rao
- Department of Rheumatology, Worker's Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan, Hebei 063000
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Abstract
Cytoplasmic membrane-associated DNA (cmDNA) is a species of DNA that attaches to the plasma membrane and has physical and chemical properties that differ from those of bulk chromosomal and mitochondrial DNAs. Here, we used deep sequencing to analyze cmDNA and showed that satellite DNAs consisting of both of simple (CCATT)(N) repeats from the pericentromere regions of the chromosomes and 171-bp α-satellite repeat sequences from centromeres were highly enriched. Importantly, we found there is a special cytoplasmic membrane-associated transcription system in which DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II, which colocalizes with template cmDNA at the plasma membrane, can transcribe the membrane-associated 171-bp α-satellite repeat sequences into RNA. Analysis of phosphorylation patterns indicated that the RNA polymerase II in the plasma membrane is in a different chemical state from its nuclear counterpart.
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Servais G, Karmali R, Guillaume MP, Badot V, Duchateau J, Corazza F. Anti DNA antibodies are not restricted to a specific pattern of fluorescence on HEp2 cells. Clin Chem Lab Med 2009; 47:543-9. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2009.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tonutti E, Blasone N, Visentini D, Poletto M, Villalta D, Tozzoli R, Bizzaro N. Cell lines that express membrane-associated DNA for anti-DNA antibody detection. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:458-62. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen HY, Guo JL, Li ZG. Significance of anti-cell membrane-associated DNA (mDNA) antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2007; 27:183-7. [PMID: 17643186 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-007-0675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 06/11/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of anti-cell membrane-associated DNA (mDNA) antibodies in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Antibodies against mDNA were detected with indirect immunofluorescence assay in 207 SLE, 167 other rheumatic diseases, and 82 healthy controls. Association of clinical features and anti-mDNA antibodies was analyzed. The prevalence of anti-mDNA antibodies was 73.3% in SLE, 8.3% in Sjögren's syndrome, and 4.8% in rheumatoid arthritis. The incidences of anti-mDNA antibodies in SLE lacking antideoxyribonucleoprotein, antihistone antibodies, antinuclesome antibodies, anti-dsDNA, and anti-Sm antibodies were 73.8, 62.7, 65.3, 57.8 and 51.6%, respectively. Skin rash, alopecia, oral ulcer, and joint pain are more common in patients with anti-mDNA antibodies. The anti-mDNA antibody is one of the most valuable markers in SLE. It is also informative in some SLE patients lacking other autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ying Chen
- Department of Rheumatology & Immunology, Beijing University, People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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Su Y, Jia RL, Han L, Li ZG. Role of anti-nucleosome antibody in the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Immunol 2007; 122:115-20. [PMID: 17085075 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2006] [Revised: 10/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of anti-nucleosome antibodies (AnuA) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS IgG anti-nucleosome antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of 233 SLE and 220 other rheumatic diseases' patients as well as 31 health controls. The patients were also evaluated for clinical and biological parameters. RESULTS (1) Out of 233 SLE patients, 144 (61.8%) were seropositive for AnuA, which was significantly higher than that of patients with other rheumatic diseases [2.7% (6/220), P < 0.001]; the sensitivities and specificities of AnuA in SLE were 61.8% and 97.6%, respectively. (2) The positive rated of AnuA in SLE lacking of anti-DNP, anti-cmDNA, anti-Sm and anti-dsDNA antibodies were 57.1%, 55.9%, 62.4% and 51.2%, respectively. (3) The frequency of the fever, skin rash, and arthralgia were significantly higher in 144 positive AnuA SLE than those in AnuA negative SLE (P < 0.05). The frequency of leukopenia, elevations of ESR and CRP, lower C3/C4 levels and proteinuria in AnuA positive groups was significantly higher than that of AnuA negative groups (P < 0.05). (4) Level of AnuA was strongly correlated with the SLEDAI scores (r = 0.385, P < 0.001). Patients with active SLE showed significantly higher positive rate of AnuA (66.1%) than those with inactive disease (45.7%) (chi2 = 6.568, P = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS AnuA is one of the most valuable markers in the diagnosis of SLE lacking of anti-dsDNA, anti-Sm, anti-DNP and anti-cmDNA antibodies. The level of AnuA is associated with the disease activity of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Su
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, People's Hospital, Peking University Medical School, 11# Xizhimen South St, Beijing 100044, China.
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Sherer Y, Gorstein A, Fritzler MJ, Shoenfeld Y. Autoantibody explosion in systemic lupus erythematosus: more than 100 different antibodies found in SLE patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2005; 34:501-37. [PMID: 15505768 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 421] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Description of the various autoantibodies that can be detected in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS A literature review, using the terms "autoantibody" and "systemic lupus erythematosus", was conducted to search for articles on autoantibodies in SLE, their target antigens, association with disease activity, or other clinical associations. RESULTS One hundred sixteen autoantibodies were described in SLE patients. These include autoantibodies that target nuclear antigens, cytoplasmic antigens, cell membrane antigens, phospholipid-associated antigens, blood cells, endothelial cells, and nervous system antigens, plasma proteins, matrix proteins, and miscellaneous antigens. The target of autoantibody, the autoantigen properties, autoantibody frequencies in SLE, as well as clinical associations, and correlation with disease activity are described for all 116 autoantibodies. CONCLUSIONS SLE is the autoimmune disease with the largest number of detectable autoantibodies. Their production could be antigen-driven, the result of polyclonal B cell activation, impaired apoptotic pathways, or the outcome of idiotypic network dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaniv Sherer
- Department of Medicine B and Center for Autoimmune Disease, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
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