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Tan SYL, Jen JP, Khadjooi K. Ischaemic Strokes Caused by Spontaneous Cerebral Air Embolism, A Rare Complication of Interstitial Lung Disease. Eur J Case Rep Intern Med 2024; 11:004356. [PMID: 39247250 PMCID: PMC11379117 DOI: 10.12890/2024_004356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Air embolism is a rare cause of ischaemic stroke. It is known that air can enter the cerebral arterial circulation from pulmonary venous circulation through a bronchovenous fistula, or in cases of pulmonary barotrauma in deep-sea diving. We describe a case of spontaneous cerebral air embolism against a background of advanced interstitial lung disease (ILD). To our knowledge, this case demonstrates a mechanism of stroke in ILD patients that has not been previously described. LEARNING POINTS This case demonstrates a mechanism of stroke in patients with severe interstitial lung disease (ILD) that has not been previously described, and we suggest that in cases of advanced ILD, clinicians should consider this as a possible mechanism of stroke. The management of these patients should include transferring them to hyperbaric facilities to prevent further air emboli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Yi Ling Tan
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jian Ping Jen
- Department of Neuroradiology, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kayvan Khadjooi
- Department of Stroke Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Okamoto S, Tsuboi H, Noma H, Tabuchi D, Sugita T, Nishiyama T, Terasaki T, Shimizu M, Honda F, Yagishita M, Ohyama A, Kurata I, Abe S, Takahashi H, Osada A, Hagiwara S, Kondo Y, Matsumoto I, Sumida T. Predictive Factors for Pneumomediastinum During Management of Connective Tissue Disease-related Interstitial Lung Disease: A Retrospective Study. Intern Med 2021; 60:2887-2897. [PMID: 34526442 PMCID: PMC8502665 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.6892-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To identify factors associated with pneumomediastinum during management of connective tissue disease (CTD)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). Methods Patients diagnosed with pneumomediastinum after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy for their CTD-ILD were enrolled. The baseline characteristics of patients who developed pneumomediastinum after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy (n=13, all occurring within 120 days) were compared to those of patients who did not develop pneumomediastinum (n=49). A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with pneumomediastinum. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was also performed to assess the predictive performance. Results The body mass index (BMI) [odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval (CI)) 0.482 (0.272-0.853)] and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) [OR (95% CI) 1.013 (1-1.025)] levels at baseline were identified as independent factors associated with pneumomediastinum after corticosteroid initiation. The optimal cut-off points of the BMI and LDH levels for predicting pneumomediastinum development, as estimated by the Youden index, were 20.2 kg/m2 and 378 U/L, respectively. LDH showed a sensitivity of 61.5% and the highest specificity of 87.8%. Importantly, combining these markers resulted in the highest sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 71.4%. Conclusion A low BMI and high serum LDH levels at baseline are useful predictive factors for pneumomediastinum development in CTD-ILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Okamoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroto Tsuboi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hisashi Noma
- Department of Data Science, The Institute of Statistical Mathematics, Japan
| | - Daiki Tabuchi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Sugita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Taihei Nishiyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Terasaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Masaru Shimizu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fumika Honda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mizuki Yagishita
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Ayako Ohyama
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Izumi Kurata
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Saori Abe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Atsumu Osada
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Shinya Hagiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yuya Kondo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Isao Matsumoto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Japan
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[Cutaneous disorders caused by physical damage mimicking rheumatic diseases]. Z Rheumatol 2020; 79:1025-1032. [PMID: 32410116 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-020-00814-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the primary interface between the body and the environment. It is exposed to a variety of external physical factors to which it must respond in a dynamic manner. In the following review such cutaneous reactions to physical damage are discussed under the aspects of rheumatological differential diagnoses. In particular, circumscribed hyperpigmentation and hyperkeratosis, reactive patterns to cold, with or without humidity, and lightning are presented. Most of these disorders do not need extensive laboratory investigations or imaging techniques. Knowledge of such cutaneous disease symptoms due to physical damage prevents overdiagnostics and possible overtreatment.
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Papiris SA, Manali ED, Kolilekas L, Kagouridis K, Maniati M, Filippatos G, Bouros D. Acute Respiratory Events in Connective Tissue Disorders. Respiration 2016; 91:181-201. [PMID: 26938462 DOI: 10.1159/000444535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute-acute, hyperacute, or even catastrophic and fulminant respiratory events occur in almost all classic connective tissue disorders (CTDs); they may share systemic life-threatening manifestations, may precipitously lead to respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support as well as a combination of specific therapeutic measures, and in most affected patients constitute the devastating end-of-life event. In CTDs, acute respiratory events may be related to any respiratory compartment including the airways, lung parenchyma, alveolar capillaries, lung vessels, pleura, and ventilatory muscles. Acute respiratory events may also precipitate disease-specific extrapulmonary organ involvement such as aspiration pneumonia and lead to digestive tract involvement and heart-related respiratory events. Finally, antirheumatic drug-related acute respiratory toxicity as well as lung infections related to the rheumatic disease and/or to immunosuppression complete the spectrum of acute respiratory events. Overall, in CTDs the lungs significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality, since they constitute a common site of disease involvement; a major site of infections related to the 'mater' disease; a major site of drug-related toxicity, and a common site of treatment-related infectious complications. The extreme spectrum of the abovementioned events, as well as the 'vicious' coexistence of most of the aforementioned manifestations, requires skills, specific diagnostic and therapeutic means, and most of all a multidisciplinary approach of adequately prepared and expert scientists. Avoiding lung disease might represent a major concern for future advancements in the treatment of autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyros A Papiris
- 2nd Department of Pneumonology, x2018;Attikon' University Hospital, Athens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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