Turock JS, Matysiak Match CJ, Adachi K, Nielsen-Saines K, Yang S, Malhotra S.
Mycobacterium cosmeticum catheter-related bloodstream infection in an immunocompetent patient: A case report and review of the literature.
IDCases 2024;
37:e02051. [PMID:
39193404 PMCID:
PMC11347832 DOI:
10.1016/j.idcr.2024.e02051]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background
Mycobacterium cosmeticum is an emerging rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) species that has been rarely reported to cause human disease. RGM catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are often challenging to treat given the need for line removal, variable species-dependent antimicrobial susceptibility, combination antimicrobial treatment, and historically longer courses of antibiotics.
Case presentation
We present a case of an immunocompetent pediatric patient with severe hemophilia B and M. cosmeticum CRBSI. While the patient's hemophilia B precluded a standard line holiday, he successfully cleared his infection with two line exchanges followed by two weeks of antibiotics.
Conclusions
RGM, including emerging species M. cosmeticum, may be considered in patients with an indolent presentation of CRBSI. Our case suggests source control with shorter courses of antimicrobials can be successful.
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