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Malikireddy S. Xeroderma Pigmentosum With Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e53204. [PMID: 38425639 PMCID: PMC10902605 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.53204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by defective DNA repair. Patients with this disorder are at increased risk of developing various oculocutaneous malignancies. We report a rare case of a child with XP with bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and left eye (OS) medial canthal basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Ultrasound biomicroscopy and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the orbit showed intraocular extension with no orbital involvement. The patient was started on topical interferon therapy in both eyes for OSSN. Topical 5% imiquimod was started for BCC for eight hours a day and then washed off. During follow-up, there was no recurrence of tumors. Since ocular and cutaneous neoplasms tend to occur at an early age in XP with a high rate of recurrence and they tend to be more aggressive, multimodal therapy with long-term follow-up is more advantageous for these patients. Topical 5% imiquimod can be used as a treatment for periocular BCC as an alternative to excision.
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Banjade P, Itani A, Kandel K, Acharya S, Sharma M, Shrestha GB, Surani S. Sarcomatoid Carcinoma of Orbit in a Patient With Xeroderma Pigmentosum. J Med Cases 2023; 14:191-195. [PMID: 37435110 PMCID: PMC10332866 DOI: 10.14740/jmc4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC), also referred to as sarcomatoid carcinoma, makes up less than 3% of all head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). It is an uncommon and unusual biphasic malignant tumor primarily affecting the upper aero-digestive tract. SpCC consists of spindled or pleomorphic tumor cells. Mostly, these tumors are seen in the fifth or sixth decades of life and are strongly associated with smoking and alcohol. We hereby report an infrequently encountered case of SpCC in a patient with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), who was young, nonsmoker, and did not consume alcohol. The mass arose from the right orbit and involved the entire right face. The postoperative histopathological report showed SpCC. Surgical excision of the mass was performed. We aimed to add to the prevailing literature by reporting this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Banjade
- Department of Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Asmita Itani
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Kamal Kandel
- Department of Medicine, Manipal College of Medical Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Shradha Acharya
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Munish Sharma
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor Scott and White, Temple, TX, USA
| | - Gulshan Bahadur Shrestha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine and B.P. Koirala Lions Centre for Ophthalmic Studies, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Salim Surani
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Texas A&M University, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
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Vempuluru VS, Ghose N, Pattnaik M, Mohamed A, Kaliki S. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia with 360° limbal involvement: a study of 130 patients. Int Ophthalmol 2023; 43:609-618. [PMID: 35951148 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-022-02463-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the risk factors, clinical features and management outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) with 360° of limbal involvement (360-OSSN) and compare with segmental limbal involvement (SL-OSSN). METHODS Retrospective comparative study of 360-OSSN vs SL-OSSN. All 360-OSSN and every 10th patient with SL-OSSN during the study period (2012-2020) were included. Lesions with uncertain diagnosis were excluded. RESULTS Of 1250 patients diagnosed with OSSN during the study period, 30 (2%) had 360-OSSN. A total of 100 patients of OSSN with SL-OSSN were included for comparison. 360-OSSN patients more often had longer duration of symptoms (mean, 17 vs 8 months; p, 0.003), prior misdiagnosis (17% vs 6%, p, 0.13) and prior intervention (47% vs 13%; p, 0.0002) than patients with SL-OSSN. 360-OSSN had higher incidence of scleral fixity (57% vs 16%; p < 0.0001), corneal/scleral melt (17% vs 0%; p, 0.0005), intraocular tumor extension (17% vs 0%; p, 0.003), orbital tumor extension (33% vs 1%; p < 0.0001), and advanced T stage at presentation (Tis: 37% vs 76%, T1: 0% vs 15%; T2: 7% vs 4%; T3: 27% vs 4%; T4: 30% vs 1%; p < 0.001). Over a mean follow-up of 14 months, lymph node metastasis (8% vs 0%; p, 0.05) and distant metastasis (4% vs 0%; p, 0.23) were more common in 360-OSSN group compared to SL-OSSN group. CONCLUSION Risk factors of 360-OSSN include prolonged symptoms, prior misdiagnosis and prior intervention. It represents an advanced form of disease with propensity for corneo-scleral melt and invasive disease which requires aggressive management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijitha S Vempuluru
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Neha Ghose
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Monalisha Pattnaik
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India
| | - Ashik Mohamed
- Ophthalmic Biophysics Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, 500034, India.
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Yin G, Gendler S, Teichman J. Ocular surface squamous neoplasia in a patient following oral steroids for contralateral necrotising scleritis. BMJ Case Rep 2022; 15:e253300. [PMID: 36521875 PMCID: PMC9756198 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2022-253300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A male patient in his 70s presented with left eye necrotising scleritis. His ocular history was significant for pterygium excision with mitomycin C 3 months prior in the affected eye, open-angle glaucoma, nuclear sclerosis cataract and previous sixth cranial nerve palsy. Scleral culture was negative and blood work was positive for rheumatoid factor and HLA-B27. The patient was treated for necrotising scleritis with oral doxycycline, vitamin C, ranitidine and prednisone with gradual taper over 45 days. Two months after initiating treatment, his necrotising scleritis achieved complete resolution; however, a new-onset ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) was identified at the temporal limbus of the contralateral eye. He was treated with topical interferon alpha-2b 1 million IU qid and achieved complete resolution after 4 months. The case highlights both the acute precipitation of OSSN following oral steroids and a sight-threatening complication following pterygium excision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yin
- Department of Public and Primary Care, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shai Gendler
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Teichman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
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Effendi RMRA, Fadhlih A, Diana IA, Gondokaryono SP, Dwiyana RF. Xeroderma Pigmentosum with Simultaneous Cutaneous and Ocular Squamous Cell Carcinoma. CLINICAL, COSMETIC AND INVESTIGATIONAL DERMATOLOGY 2022; 15:157-161. [PMID: 35140492 PMCID: PMC8819695 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s348771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare autosomal recessive disease that disrupts deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. XP is characterized by extreme sensitivity to sunlight, photophobia, cutaneous lesions in the form of freckle-like hyperpigmented macules, and neoplasia on the skin surface. Malignancy is a common complication found in areas exposed to UV light. Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) is the most common malignancy seen in patients with XP. This report illustrates a case of XP in a six-year-old girl with cutaneous and ocular SCC. The diagnosis of XP was established based on the patient’s history and the presence of typical clinical manifestations. Dermoscopy and histopathology examinations confirmed the presence of SCC on the face and eyes. The management of XP patients includes early diagnosis, lifelong UV protection, and early detection of cutaneous malignancy. Early detection and appropriate management are very important in preventing the occurrence of malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azmi Fadhlih
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Inne Arline Diana
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Srie Prihianti Gondokaryono
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Reiva Farah Dwiyana
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran - Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia
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Dhar S, Kaliki S, Rathi A, Mishra DK. Bilateral ocular neoplasia in a young boy with mild facial freckles. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/12/e239771. [PMID: 33310839 PMCID: PMC7735092 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-239771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shriya Dhar
- The Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Swathi Kaliki
- Operation Eyesight Universal Institute for Eye Cancer, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Anubha Rathi
- The Cornea Institute, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Dilip K Mishra
- Ophthalmic Pathology Laboratory, LV Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
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Vekinis J, Morley AMS. Ocular surface biopsies of patients with xeroderma pigmentosum in the United Kingdom: a retrospective observational case series. Br J Ophthalmol 2020; 105:1222-1230. [PMID: 32892165 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-316125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS To describe the results of all ocular surface biopsies performed on patients with xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) under the care of the UK Nationally Commissioned XP Service as well as the treatment of any subsequent ocular surface conditions diagnosed. METHODS Retrospective analysis of medical records. All patients with XP seen by the service from 2010 to 2019 were included and those with ocular surface biopsies were identified. Data was collected on demographics, complementation subgroup (A-G and V), biopsy details, histopathological analysis and subsequent management. RESULTS Of 108 patients seen in our service, 17 underwent at least one ocular surface biopsy. 45 biopsy samples were available from 13 patients of which 65% were performed on patients from complementation subgroup C (XP-C). Biopsies were categorised as either non-mapping (clinically abnormal ocular surface tissue) or mapping (multiple sites including clinically normal tissue). 67 percent of non-mapping biopsies had a mass as their indication and 46% showed ocular surface squamous neoplasia. General non-dysplastic damage was seen in 67% of non-mapping biopsies and melanocytic changes were seen in 25% of non-mapping and 81% of mapping biopsies. 47 percent of biopsy outcomes required no additional treatment but, of those that did, 50% received mitomycin C. CONCLUSIONS This is the largest reported series of ocular surface biopsies in patients with XP. It identifies a background of ocular surface melanocytic, degenerative and inflammatory changes, with patients with XP-C showing the most severe effects. We highlight challenges faced in interpreting their histopathology and in planning subsequent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vekinis
- The Nationally Commissioned Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Guy's and Saint Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK .,Department of Ophthalmology, Guy's and Saint Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Ana M Susana Morley
- The Nationally Commissioned Xeroderma Pigmentosum Service, Guy's and Saint Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Guy's and Saint Thomas' Hospitals NHS Trust, London, UK
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Dirar QS, Musalem HM, Al-Hazzaa SAF, Al Zoba AA, Almalki AA. Effect of Pegylated Interferon and Mitomycin C on Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia in Xeroderma Pigmentosum: A Case Series. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2020; 21:e921301. [PMID: 32251268 PMCID: PMC7161929 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.921301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Case series Patients: Female, 29-year-old • Female, 25-year-old • Male, 24-year-old Final Diagnosis: Xeroderma pigmentosum Symptoms: Decreased visual acuity • red eye Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Ophthalmology
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Affiliation(s)
- Qais S Dirar
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebah M Musalem
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Selwa A F Al-Hazzaa
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A Al Zoba
- Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal A Almalki
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Ophthalmology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dirar QS, Musalem HM, Alhazzaa S, Al Zoba AA, Almalki AA. WITHDRAWN: The outcome of subconjunctival pegylated interferon injections on Xeroderma Pigmentosum experience in a tertiary care center. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2020.100645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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A prospective study of the incidence, associations and outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia in the United Kingdom. Eye (Lond) 2018; 33:283-294. [PMID: 30593587 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-018-0217-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe the incidence, associations and outcomes of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) in the United Kingdom. METHODS Prospective, observational study of every new case of OSSN reported via the British Ophthalmological Surveillance Unit reporting scheme over a 12-month period. Cases were followed up for 12 months. RESULTS The reported incidence of OSSN was 0.53 cases/million/year (conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia: 0.43 cases/million/year; squamous cell carcinoma: 0.08 cases/million/year). Eighty-five per cent of affected patients were male, 97% were Caucasian, and the mean age at presentation was 67.9 (±12.8) years. Information on potential underlying risk factors was frequently unknown. The most commonly affected sites were the limbus and the nasal and temporal bulbar conjunctivae. Most patients presented with a visual acuity of 6/9 or better, without symptoms of pain or visual loss. Excision (with or without additional treatment) was the most common first-line treatment and interferon (with or without additional treatment) was the most common second-line treatment, although management varied widely. Complications of treatment were rare but occasionally severe. Recurrence within 12 months of follow-up occurred in at least 6% of patients. CONCLUSION Although subject to reporting bias, these data suggest that there has not been a significant change in the incidence of OSSN in the United Kingdom, or its demographic profile, since 1996. The broad range of management approaches identified in this study reflect a lack of consensus as to the optimal referral and treatment pathways.
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Agarwal R, Chawla B, Asif MI, Pujari A. Bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia with bilateral periocular basal cell carcinoma in a case of xeroderma pigmentosum. BMJ Case Rep 2017; 2017:bcr-2017-220882. [PMID: 29197837 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2017-220882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with multiple oculocutaneous manifestations.We discuss a unique case of XP having bilateral ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) and periocular basal cell carcinoma. In the right eye, a large OSSN mass involving the ocular surface extensively along with intraocular invasion was noted, whereas in the left eye, the tumour mass was involving the limbus, and extending up to three clock hours. Because of extensive disease in the right eye, orbital exenteration was performed, and for the left eye, a wide excision of the mass with triple freeze thaw cryo application to the margins followed by amniotic membrane grafting was done. Basal cell carcinoma was noted around the medial canthus on both sides. The right-sided basal cell carcinoma was treated by wide excision followed by a forehead rotation flap and the left-sided lesion was managed with topical 5% imiquimod cream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Agarwal
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Bhavna Chawla
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Mohamed Ibrahime Asif
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amar Pujari
- Ocular Oncology Service, Dr Rajendra Prasad Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Delhi, India
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