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Chen HC, Pan YL, Chen Y, Yang TH, Hsu ET, Huang YT, Chiang MH. Monoclonal Antibodies as a Therapeutic Strategy against Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in a Post-COVID-19 Era. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:246. [PMID: 38398755 PMCID: PMC10890110 DOI: 10.3390/life14020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of severe multidrug-resistant bacterial infections has recently intensified because of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to the guidelines issued by the World Health Organization (WHO), routine antibiotic administration is not recommended for patients with supposed or confirmed mild SARS-CoV-2 infection or pneumonia, unless bacterial infection is clinically suspected. However, recent studies have pointed out that the proportion of non-essential antibiotic use in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 remains high. Therefore, the silent pandemic of antibiotic resistance remains a pressing issue regardless of the present threats presented by the COVID-19 pandemic. To prevent or delay entry into the postulated post-antibiotic era, the long-term advocacy for the rational use of antibiotics, the optimization of infection control procedures, and the development of new antibacterial agents and vaccines should be underscored as vital practices of the antibacterial toolbox. Recently, the development of vaccines and monoclonal antibodies has gradually received attention following the advancement of biotechnology as well as enhanced drug discovery and development in cancer research. Although decent progress has been made in laboratory-based research and promising results have been obtained following clinical trials of some of these products, challenges still exist in their widespread clinical applications. This article describes the current advantages of antibacterial monoclonal antibodies, the development of associated clinical trials, and some perceived future perspectives and challenges. Further, we anticipate the development of more therapeutic agents to combat drug-resistant bacterial infections as well as to increase the resilience of current or novel agents/strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Chun Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Ling Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Ying Chen
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Tsung-Hsuan Yang
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Erh-Tung Hsu
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (E.-T.H.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (E.-T.H.); (Y.-T.H.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan; (Y.-L.P.); (Y.C.)
- mProbe Taiwan Inc., Taipei City 105037, Taiwan
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Yang YS, Chen HJ, Chen XC, Tang HJ, Chang FJ, Huang YL, Pan YL, Kesavan DK, Chen HY, Shang HS, Kuo SC, Chen TL, Chiang MH. Elizabethkingia anophelis outer membrane vesicles as a novel vaccine candidate against infection: insights into immune response and potential for passive immunity. mSphere 2023; 8:e0040023. [PMID: 38014949 PMCID: PMC10732079 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00400-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Elizabethkingia anophelis, a Gram-negative pathogen, causes infections such as bacteraemia, pneumonia, and neonatal meningitis. The pathogen resists most antimicrobial classes, making novel approaches urgently needed. In natural settings, Gram-negative bacteria secrete outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that carry important molecules in the bacterial life cycle. These OMVs are enriched with proteins involved in virulence, survival, and carbohydrate metabolism, making them a promising source for vaccine development against the pathogen. This study investigated the efficacy of imipenem-induced OMVs (iOMVs) as a vaccine candidate against E. anophelis infection in a mouse pneumonia model. Mice immunized with iOMVs were completely protected during lethal-dose challenges. Passive immunization with hyperimmune sera and splenocytes conferred protection against lethal pneumonia. Further investigation is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of iOMV-induced passive immunity, such as the action on specific antibody subclasses or T cell subsets.
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Grants
- 109-2320-B-016-002-MY2, 110-2320-B-016-014, 111-2320-B-016-015, 112-2314-B-016-023, 112-2314-B-016-039, 112-2314-B-016-024-MY2 Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (MOST)
- TSGH-E-111244, TSGH-E-112253 Tri-Service General Hospital (TSGH)
- CMNDMC11108, CMNDMC11206 Chi Mei Medical Center
- MND-MAB-110-049, MND-MAB-D-111072, MND-MAB-D-112115, MND-MAB-D-113078 MOD | Medical Affairs Bureau (MAB)
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Sung Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Chun Chen
- Department and Graduate institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jen Tang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ling Huang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Kesavan
- School of Material Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Inflammation Core Facility, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Department of Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Kuo
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li Y, Liu T, Shi C, Wang B, Li T, Huang Y, Xu Y, Tang L. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory features of patients infected with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica at a tertiary hospital in Hefei City, China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:964046. [PMID: 36225778 PMCID: PMC9549487 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.964046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a bacterium causing potential nosocomial infections and is associated with a high mortality rate; however, the date of patients in the Hefei population who have been diagnosed with this infection is generally limited. Purpose The clinical and laboratory data of patients from a tertiary hospital in Hefei City who had E. meningoseptica infection were evaluated in this retrospective analysis. Patients and methods From May 2017 to November 2021, there were 24 patients infected with E. meningoseptica in the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University. Data were gathered from the hospital's electronic medical records for all patients. Results The most prevalent symptom among the 24 patients was fever (83.3%), followed by edema (41.7%), cough (37.5%), altered consciousness (41.7%), and sputum (37.5%), and laboratory results presented with anemia (75%), hypoproteinemia (75%), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) (66.7%), neutrophilia (54.2%), and leukocytosis (50.0%). Hepatic disease (1 vs. 7, P = 0.009) was the only significant risk factor for underlying diseases. The mean value of lymphocyte (LYMPH#) (1.4 vs. 0.83 × 109/L, P = 0.033) counts was higher in the survival group than death group, while both anemia (8 vs. 10, P = 0.024) and hypoproteinemia (8 vs. 10, P = 0.024) occurred more frequently in the death group compared with the survival one. Conclusion Fever was the most common symptom and the only significant factor of underlying diseases was hepatic disease (P = 0.009) that often occurred in death groups. In this investigation, the risk factors for death in patients were anemia, hypoproteinemia, and lymphocyte count. The susceptibility of some quinolones, piperacillin-tazobactam, and cotrimoxazole was relatively high, suggesting that they may be the preferred drugs for the treatment of E. meningoseptica infection. As E. meningoseptica can produce biofilm to pollute the hospital environment and cause infection in patients, the disinfection of the hospital environment should be strengthened and medical staff should pay attention to aseptic operations.
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Chiang MH, Chang FJ, Kesavan DK, Vasudevan A, Xu H, Lan KL, Huang SW, Shang HS, Chuang YP, Yang YS, Chen TL. Proteomic Network of Antibiotic-Induced Outer Membrane Vesicles Released by Extensively Drug-Resistant Elizabethkingia anophelis. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0026222. [PMID: 35852325 PMCID: PMC9431301 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00262-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia anophelis, a nonfermenting Gram-negative bacterium, causes life-threatening health care-associated infections. E. anophelis harbors multidrug resistance (MDR) genes and is intrinsically resistant to various classes of antibiotics. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are secreted by Gram-negative bacteria and contain materials involved in bacterial survival and pathogenesis. OMVs specialize and tailor their functions by carrying different components to challenging environments and allowing communication with other microorganisms or hosts. In this study, we sought to understand the characteristics of E. anophelis OMVs under different antibiotic stress conditions. An extensively drug-resistant clinical isolate, E. anophelis C08, was exposed to multiple antibiotics in vitro, and its OMVs were characterized using nanoparticle tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and proteomic analysis. Protein functionality analysis showed that the OMVs were predominantly involved in metabolism, survival, defense, and antibiotic resistance processes, such as the Rag/Sus family, the chaperonin GroEL, prenyltransferase, and an HmuY family protein. Additionally, a protein-protein interaction network demonstrated that OMVs from imipenem-treated E. anophelis showed significant enrichments in the outer membrane, adenyl nucleotide binding, serine-type peptidase activity, the glycosyl compound metabolic process, and cation binding proteins. Collectively, the OMV proteome expression profile indicates that the role of OMVs is immunologically relevant and related to bacterial survival in antibiotic stress environments rather than representing a resistance point. IMPORTANCE Elizabethkingia anophelis is a bacterium often associated with nosocomial infection. This study demonstrated that imipenem-induced E. anophelis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are immunologically relevant and crucial for bacterial survival under antibiotic stress conditions rather than being a source of antibiotic resistance. Furthermore, this is the first study to discuss the protein-protein interaction network of the OMVs released by E. anophelis, especially under antibiotic stress. Our findings provide important insights into clinical antibiotic stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Chiang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chang
- Department of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Kesavan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aparna Vasudevan
- International Genomics Research Centre (IGRC), Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- International Genomics Research Centre (IGRC), Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Kuo-Lun Lan
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Sheng Shang
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Department of Pathology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ping Chuang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Sung Yang
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Te-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zajmi A, Teo J, Yeo CC. Epidemiology and Characteristics of Elizabethkingia spp. Infections in Southeast Asia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050882. [PMID: 35630327 PMCID: PMC9144721 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia spp. is a ubiquitous pathogenic bacterium that has been identified as the causal agent for a variety of conditions such as meningitis, pneumonia, necrotizing fasciitis, endophthalmitis, and sepsis and is emerging as a global threat including in Southeast Asia. Elizabethkingia infections tend to be associated with high mortality rates (18.2–41%) and are mostly observed in neonates and immunocompromised patients. Difficulties in precisely identifying Elizabethkingia at the species level by traditional methods have hampered our understanding of this genus in human infections. In Southeast Asian countries, hospital outbreaks have usually been ascribed to E. meningoseptica, whereas in Singapore, E. anophelis was reported as the main Elizabethkingia spp. associated with hospital settings. Misidentification of Elizabethkingia spp. could, however, underestimate the number of cases attributed to the bacterium, as precise identification requires tools such as MALDI-TOF MS, and particularly whole-genome sequencing, which are not available in most hospital laboratories. Elizabethkingia spp. has an unusual antibiotic resistance pattern for a Gram-negative bacterium with a limited number of horizontal gene transfers, which suggests an intrinsic origin for its multidrug resistance. Efforts to prevent and further understand Elizabethkingia spp. infections and limit its spread must rise to this new challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asdren Zajmi
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, Seksyen 13, Shah Alam 40100, Malaysia
| | - Jeanette Teo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore;
| | - Chew Chieng Yeo
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases and Biotechnology (CeRIDB), Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-9-627-5506
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Umair A, Nasir N. Clinical features and outcomes of critically ill patients with Elizabethkingia meningoseptica: an emerging pathogen. Acute Crit Care 2021; 36:256-261. [PMID: 34311517 PMCID: PMC8435438 DOI: 10.4266/acc.2020.01158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, formerly known as Chryseobacterium meningosepticum, is a non-motile, non-fastidious, catalase and oxidase-positive, aerobic, glucose-non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacillus that was first defined by Elizabeth O. King in 1959. It has emerged as an opportunistic pathogen that has infected patients in extreme age groups and immunocompromised individuals, especially in intensive care settings. There has been an increased interest in this pathogen due to its increasing occurrence around the world, ubiquitous nature, and inherent capacity for antimicrobial resistance. Methods We describe an observational study at a tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan, based on patients admitted between January 2013 and December 2018, with E. meningoseptica infections. All patients were confirmed to have a positive clinical culture specimen for E. meningoseptica along with symptoms and signs consistent with infection. Data were collected on a structured proforma from the Hospital Information Management Systems. Results Sixteen patients with E. meningoseptica that met the criteria for infection were identified, 13 of whom required admission. Eight patients had bacteremia in addition to confirmed E. meningoseptica infection. Two of the isolates were multi-drug resistant and only sensitive to minocycline. Nine of the 13 patients that were readmitted required intubation and mechanical ventilation. The median length of hospital stay was 13 days, and out of the 13 patients died during the hospital stay. Conclusion This is the largest case series reporting E. meningoseptica infections and highlights the importance of this organism as an emerging nosocomial pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Umair
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Nasir
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Malik W, McLeod G. Persistent Elizabethkingia meningoseptica bacteremia in a patient with multiple myeloma. IDCases 2019; 18:e00617. [PMID: 31453105 PMCID: PMC6704265 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2019.e00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica is a non-motile, gram-negative organism, previously classified as part of the Flavobacterium then Chryseobacterium genus. It has been isolated in hospital settings and has been known to cause infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients. Treatment has remained a challenge as this organism is resistant to many traditional antimicrobials used to treat gram-negative infections. We present a case of persistent E. meningoseptica bacteremia in a patient despite tailored antimicrobial therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Malik
- Internal Medicine, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, Connecticut, USA
| | - Gavin McLeod
- Infectious Diseases, Greenwich Hospital, Greenwich, Connecticut, USA
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