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Kilduff S, Steinman B, Xie Y, Kiss-Farengo T, Foca M, Hayde N. Pet safety guidelines for pediatric transplant recipients. Pediatr Transplant 2024; 28:e14527. [PMID: 37550270 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 70% (90.5 million) of United States (US) households own at least one pet. Dogs are the most common, making up about 38% of all household pets, followed by cats, which make up 25%. Other pets such as fish, birds, reptiles, and small animals such as hamsters, gerbils, and rabbits are less common household members. Pets are often considered a part of the family and there are significant medical and psychosocial benefits to pet ownership; however, the possibility of disease transmission exists related to the type of animal and infectious organism, and specific human risk factors. Immunocompromised individuals may be at increased risk of serious illness from zoonotic infections. During the transplant evaluation and routinely posttransplant, the multidisciplinary team should inquire about pet ownership and animal exposures to guide on potential risks. This review discusses the most common diseases seen in various household pets including dogs, cats, birds, fish, and some farm animals. We will also present guidelines for pet safety and include strategies to decrease the risk of infection while supporting the benefits of pet ownership after transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Kilduff
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Steinman
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Yuping Xie
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tomas Kiss-Farengo
- Department of Social Work, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Marc Foca
- Divison of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Hayde
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York, USA
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Piedrahita D, Martinez-Valencia AJ, Agudelo Rojas OL, Tafur E, Rosso F. Fatal Brucellosis Infection in a Liver Transplant Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Case Rep Infect Dis 2021; 2021:1519288. [PMID: 34239743 PMCID: PMC8233080 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1519288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis, particularly in developing countries. The true incidence of human brucellosis is unknown. The WHO points out that 500,000 cases of brucellosis are reported each year from around the world. In Colombia, there is currently no regular surveillance of the event in humans and its prevalence is low due a low clinical suspicion. We report a case of a 66-year-old man, an urban merchant, who had received a liver transplant 11 years ago. The patient presented to the emergency department for two months of fatigue, severe myalgia, paresis of the extremities, loss of muscle strength, and progressive deterioration of functional class. In the emergency room, he became disoriented and was transferred to the intensive-care unit. He had a white blood cell count of 18990/uL and creatine phosphokinase 10302 U/L. Routine blood cultures were positive for Brucella melitensis. The patient reported consumption of unpasteurized bovine milk. He was treated with doxycycline and ciprofloxacin. Despite antibiotic management, after one month of hospitalization and in the context of septic shock with multiorgan failure, the patient died. Brucellosis is an unsuspected and underdiagnosed disease. It can occur in people with or without risk factors. Although the mortality is low, immunocompromised patients can develop fatal infections. A presumptive diagnosis can be established through the correlation of patient history and classic laboratory findings, which include transaminitis, anemia, and leukopenia with relative lymphocytosis; however, other findings can help us to guide the diagnosis, such as rhabdomyolysis, which appears as a complication in different infections; however, it had not been described before in brucellosis. A partnership between clinical suspicion laboratory diagnostic tests and improved disease surveillance systems is necessary to fight the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Piedrahita
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Alvaro Jose Martinez-Valencia
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Olga Lucia Agudelo Rojas
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Eric Tafur
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Fernanto Rosso
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Icesi, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Disease Service, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
- Fundación Valle del Lili, Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas (CIC), Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
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Abed AH, Almaghrabi RS, Nizami I. First Case of Brucella Pneumonia in a Lung Transplant Patient: Case Report and Review of the Literature. Cureus 2020; 12:e8733. [PMID: 32596091 PMCID: PMC7308817 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella is one of the most common zoonotic diseases worldwide. It is endemic in the Mediterranean basin. Brucella pneumonia is a rare complication of brucellosis that can present with a variety of clinical and radiological manifestations. It was described only once previously in the setting of solid organ transplant. A 32-year-old female from Saudi Arabia with cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis presented five weeks after a bilateral lung transplant with fever and cough. Investigation showed high inflammatory markers in addition to a pulmonary infiltrate in the chest imaging. All microbiological workups were negative including bronchoalveolar lavage cultures. Brucella serology was positive and she was started on anti-Brucella therapy which resulted in complete resolution of her symptoms and radiological changes. This case demonstrates an unusual presentation of Brucellosis. It highlights the importance of epidemiology in evaluating post-transplant infections. We reviewed and summarized the literature on brucellosis post solid organ transplant and the various treatment regimens for Brucella pneumonia. This is the first case report of Brucella pneumonia in a lung transplant patient. Brucella is a rare complication post solid organ transplant but it has a good prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz H Abed
- Medicine and Surgery, Alfaisal University College of Medicine, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Reem S Almaghrabi
- Infectious Diseases, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Imran Nizami
- Organ Transplant, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, SAU
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