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Zhang M, Miao D, Ma Q, Chen T, Wang T, Yan S, Zhu W, Zhou F, He J, Kuang X. Underdevelopment of gut microbiota in failure to thrive infants of up to 12 months of age. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1049201. [PMID: 36579338 PMCID: PMC9791048 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1049201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratory and clinical studies have revealed the importance of gut microbiota in children with severe pediatric pathological conditions such as severe acute malnutrition (SAM); however, under relatively milder conditions such as, failure to thrive (FTT), the role of the gut microbiota remains poorly characterized. Here, we analyzed stool samples from 54 subjects with a clinical diagnosis of failure to thrive (FTT), 49 preterm subjects with corrected normal growth (NFTT-pre), and 49 healthy subjects (NFTT) between 3-12 months of age using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We observed that the clinical condition of FTT, age, head circumference, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and feeding methods significantly affected gut microbiota. The microbiota age of subjects was significantly correlated with their anthropomorphic features, and the FTT subjects exhibited underdeveloped gut microbiota characterized by a significantly decreased microbiota-for-age Z-score (MAZ). The FTT and NFTT-pre groups exhibited an obvious disrupted developmental trajectory of gut microbiota across age, and the development of their alpha diversities and the observed OTU and Shannon indices were inadequate, particularly in subjects with FTT. Moreover, sequential colonization and enrichment of bacteria such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus and most age-discriminatory bacterial taxa and their microbial functions were disorganized in FTT compared to that in NFTT. Our results revealed an underdevelopment of the gut microbiota in infants with failure to thrive that possesses potential clinical and practical importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jun He
- *Correspondence: Jun He, ; Xiaoni Kuang,
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Zakaria Z, Hassan L, Sharif Z, Ahmad N, Mohd Ali R, Amir Husin S, Mohamed Sohaimi N, Abu Bakar S, Garba B. Virulence Gene Profile, Antimicrobial Resistance and Multilocus Sequence Typing of Salmonella enterica Subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Chickens and Chicken Products. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12010097. [PMID: 35011203 PMCID: PMC8749576 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the virulence, antimicrobial resistance and molecular subtypes of Salmonella in the Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 45 Salmonella Enteritidis were detected from live chicken (cloacal swab), and chicken products (fresh and ready-to-eat meat) samples upon cultural isolation and serotyping. Similarly, an antimicrobial susceptibility test based on the Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method as well as antimicrobial resistance AMR genes, virulence determinants and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) typing were conducted after the Whole Genome Sequencing and analysis of the isolates. The results indicate that sequence types ST1925 (63.7%), and ST11 (26.5%) were the predominant out of the seven sequence types identified (ST292, ST329, ST365, ST423 and ST2132). The phenotypic antimicrobial profile corresponds to the genotypic characterization in that the majority of the isolates that exhibited tetracycline, gentamycin and aminoglycoside resistance; they also possessed the tetC and blaTEM β-Lactam resistance genes. However, isolates from cloacal swabs showed the highest number of resistance genes compared to the chicken products (fresh and ready-to-eat meat) samples. Furthermore, most of the virulence genes were found to cluster in the Salmonella pathogenicity island (SPI). In this study, all the isolates were found to possess SPI-1, which codes for the type III secretion system, which functions as actin-binding proteins (SptP and SopE). The virulence plasmid (VP) genes (spvB, spvC) were present in all genotypes except ST365. The findings of this study, particularly with regard to the molecular subtypes and AMR profiles of the Salmonella Enteritidis serotype shows multidrug-resistance features as well as genetic characteristics indicative of high pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunita Zakaria
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Latiffah Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (L.H.); (N.M.S.)
| | - Zawiyah Sharif
- Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62675, Malaysia; (Z.S.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Norazah Ahmad
- Veterinary Public Health Division, Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia, Putrajaya 62630, Malaysia; (N.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Rohaya Mohd Ali
- Veterinary Public Health Division, Department of Veterinary Services Malaysia, Putrajaya 62630, Malaysia; (N.A.); (R.M.A.)
| | - Suraya Amir Husin
- Medical Development Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62590, Malaysia;
| | - Norfitriah Mohamed Sohaimi
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (L.H.); (N.M.S.)
| | - Shafini Abu Bakar
- Food Safety and Quality Division, Ministry of Health, Putrajaya 62675, Malaysia; (Z.S.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Bashiru Garba
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia;
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sultan Abubakar Road, City Campus Complex, Sokoto 840212, Nigeria
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