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Hu B, Wang C, Wu Y, Han C, Liu J, Chen R, Wang T. Revealing the mechanism of ethyl acetate extracts of Semen Impatientis against prostate cancer based on network pharmacology and transcriptomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 330:118228. [PMID: 38643863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy of the male genitourinary system and currently lacks effective treatment. Semen Impatientis, the dried ripe seed of Impatiens balsamina L., is described by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and is used in clinical practice to treat tumors, abdominal masses, etc. In our previous study, the ethyl acetate extracts of Semen Impatientis (EAESI) was demonstrated to be the most effective extract against PCa among various extracts. However, the biological effects of EAESI against PCa in vivo and the specific antitumor mechanisms involved remain unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, we aimed to investigate the antitumor effect of EAESI on PCa in vitro and in vivo by performing network pharmacology analysis, transcriptomic analysis, and experiments to explore and verify the underlying mechanisms involved. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antitumor effect of EAESI on PCa in vitro and in vivo was investigated via CCK-8, EdU, flow cytometry, and wound healing assays and xenograft tumor models. Network pharmacology analysis and transcriptomic analysis were employed to explore the underlying mechanism of EAESI against PCa. Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) and androgen receptor (AR) were confirmed to be the targets of EAESI against PCa by RT‒qPCR, western blotting, and rescue assays. In addition, the interaction between ATF3 and AR was assessed by coimmunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and nuclear-cytoplasmic separation assays. RESULTS EAESI decreased cell viability, inhibited cell proliferation and migration, and induced apoptosis in AR+ and AR- PCa cells. Moreover, EAESI suppressed the growth of xenograft tumors in vivo. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the hub targets of EAESI against PCa included AR, AKT1, TP53, and CCND1. Transcriptomic analysis indicated that activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) was the most likely critical target of EAESI. EAESI downregulated AR expression and decreased the transcriptional activity of AR through ATF3 in AR+ PCa cells; and EAESI promoted the expression of ATF3 and exerted its antitumor effect via ATF3 in AR+ and AR- PCa cells. CONCLUSIONS EAESI exerts good antitumor effects on PCa both in vitro and in vivo, and ATF3 and AR are the critical targets through which EAESI exerts antitumor effects on AR+ and AR- PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bintao Hu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Chenglin Han
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ruibao Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Institute of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Abufaraj M, Ramadan R, Alkhatib A. Paraneoplastic Syndromes in Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:1618-1632. [PMID: 38534956 PMCID: PMC10969281 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) is a rare subtype of prostate cancer (PCa) that usually results in poor clinical outcomes and may be accompanied by paraneoplastic syndromes (PNS). NEPC is becoming more frequent. It can initially manifest as PNS, complicating diagnosis. Therefore, we reviewed the literature on the different PNS associated with NEPC. We systematically reviewed English-language articles from January 2017 to September 2023, identifying 17 studies meeting PRISMA guidelines for NEPC and associated PNS. A total of 17 articles were included in the review. Among these, Cushing's Syndrome (CS) due to ectopic Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion was the most commonly reported PNS. Other PNS included syndrome of inappropriate Anti-Diuretic Hormone secretion (SIADH), Anti-Hu-mediated chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), limbic encephalitis, Evans Syndrome, hypercalcemia, dermatomyositis, and polycythemia. Many patients had a history of prostate adenocarcinoma treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) before neuroendocrine features developed. The mean age was 65.5 years, with a maximum survival of 9 months post-diagnosis. NEPC is becoming an increasingly more common subtype of PCa that can result in various PNS. This makes the diagnosis and treatment of NEPC challenging. Further research is crucial to understanding these syndromes and developing standardized, targeted treatments to improve patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Abufaraj
- Division of Urology, Department of Special Surgery, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Raghad Ramadan
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Amro Alkhatib
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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Zhang Z, Li J, Zhang Z, Shao Z. Tumor-induced Osteomalacia: A Case Report and Etiological Analysis with Literature Review. Orthop Surg 2023; 15:3342-3352. [PMID: 37933469 PMCID: PMC10694022 DOI: 10.1111/os.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) belongs to a rare disease of the paraneoplastic syndrome. Phosphate uric mesenchymal tumor (PMT) is the most common cause of TIO, while the possibility of other tumors cannot be excluded. CASE PRESENTATION We present a case of a 36-year-old female patient with systemic skeletal abnormalities. The woman complained of low back pain with mild motor dysfunction for 2 years. Laboratory examination showed abnormalities in markers of bone metabolism, parathyroid hormone (PTH), vitamin D and serum phosphorus. Pooled imaging examination indicated extension abnormalities in the skeletal system and a single lesion in the right femoral head. The lesion of the right femoral was imaging with somatostatin receptor-positive, which was highly suggestive of a single neuroendocrine tumor. CT guided right femoral tumorectomy and bone grafting were performed when medical treatment failed. Postoperative pathological diagnosis was phosphate urinary mesenchymal tumor secreting fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), which accorded with pre-operative expectations. The postoperative symptoms were effectively relieved, and indicators returned to normal. CONCLUSION The tumors causing TIO exhibited significant heterogeneity in terms of tissue origin, pathological characteristics and biological behavior, but the unique common characteristic is the secretion of FGF23. With significant progress in diagnosis and treatment, the clinical follow-up of most TIO patients shows a good prognosis, but the prognosis of those with malignant tumors is relatively poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Zengwu Shao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Гронская СА, Белая ЖЕ, Рожинская ЛЯ, Мельниченко ГА, Дубовицкая ТА, Мамедова ЕО, Родионова СС, Буклемишев ЮВ, Пигарова ЕА, Дегтярев МВ, Бабаева ДМ, Владимирова ВП, Тарбаева НВ, Серженко СС, Григорьев АЮ, Дзеранова ЛК, Карпенко ВЮ, Карасев АЛ, Федотов РН, Ульянова ИН, Торопцова НВ, Лесняк ОМ, Мокрышева НГ, Дедов ИИ. [Clinical features, diagnostics and treatment of FGF23 secreting tumors: series of 40 clinical cases]. PROBLEMY ENDOKRINOLOGII 2023; 69:25-38. [PMID: 37968949 PMCID: PMC10680540 DOI: 10.14341/probl13221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Tumor-induced osteomalacia is an acquired rare disease manifested by hypophosphatemic osteomalacia due to excessive secretion of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). FGF 23 is a non-classical hormone secreted by bone tissue (osteocytes) and regulates phosphorus metabolism.The aim of this work is to present clinical experience in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with tumor-induced osteomalacia. MATERIALS AND METHODS 40 patients with clinically-confirmed tumor-induced osteomalacia were included in the study, 34 of whom had the tumor localized, 27 underwent surgical treatment and 21 achieved stable remission. RESULTS The median age was 48 [41; 63] years, 43% were men, the time left from the the onset of the disease was 8 [4; 10] years. Biochemical findings were hypophosphatemia 0.47 [0.4; 0.53] mmol/l, a decrease in the tubular reabsorption phosphate 62 [52; 67]%, and an increase in alkaline phosphatase of 183 [112; 294] units/l. At the time of diagnosis, 100% had multiple pathological fractures, only 10% could move independently, and 77.5% classified the pain as unbearable (8-10 points according to the 10-point pain syndrome scale ). Among the methods used to detect tumors, the most sensitive were scintigraphy with tectrotide with SPECT/CT 71.4% (20/28) and MRI 90% (18/20). In 35% of cases, the tumor was localized in soft tissues and in 65% in bone tissue; The tumor was most often detected in the lower extremities, followed by the head in frequency of localization. 18 patients currently have no remission and they receive conservative treatment (phosphorus and alfacalcidol n=15 and burosumab n=3). In case of achieving remission (n=21), regression of clinical symptoms and restoration of bone and muscle mass was observed. Extensive excision of the tumor without prior biopsy resulted in the best percentage of remission - 87%. CONCLUSION Tumor-induced osteomalacia is characterized by severe damage to bone and muscle tissue with the development of multiple fractures, muscle weakness and severe pain syndrome. In laboratory diagnostics, attention should be paid to hypophosphatemia, a decrease in the tubular reabsorption phosphate index and increased alkaline phosphatase. The use of functional diagnostic methods with a labeled somatostatin analogue to the subtype 2 receptor and MRI with contrast enhancement are the most accurate methods of topical diagnostics. In case of localization of the tumor, a wide excision without a preliminary biopsy is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- С. А. Гронская
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Ж. Е. Белая
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Л. Я. Рожинская
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | | | | | - Е. О. Мамедова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - С. С. Родионова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова
| | - Ю. В. Буклемишев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова
| | - Е. А. Пигарова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - М. В. Дегтярев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Д. М. Бабаева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | | | - Н. В. Тарбаева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - С. С. Серженко
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - А. Ю. Григорьев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Л. К. Дзеранова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - В. Ю. Карпенко
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова
| | - А. Л. Карасев
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр травматологии и ортопедии им. Н.Н. Приорова
| | - Р. Н. Федотов
- Московский государственный медико-стоматологический университет им. А.И. Евдокимова
| | - И. Н. Ульянова
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - Н. В. Торопцова
- Научно-исследовательский институт ревматологии им. В.А. Насоновой
| | - О. М. Лесняк
- Северо-Западный государственный медицинский университет им. И.И. Мечникова
| | - Н. Г. Мокрышева
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
| | - И. И. Дедов
- Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр эндокринологии
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Bouraima F, Sapin V, Kahouadji S, Pickering ME, Pereira B, Bouvier D, Oris C. Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia in Patients With Malignancy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Case Reports. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:3031-3040. [PMID: 37235783 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) due to fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) overexpression is becoming recognized in patients with malignancy. The condition may be underdiagnosed, with a scarce medical literature. OBJECTIVE To perform a meta-analysis of case reports to allow a better understanding of malignant TIO and its clinical implications. METHODS Full texts were selected according to strict inclusion criteria. All case reports were included where patients had hypophosphatemia, malignant TIO, and FGF23 blood levels. Thirty-two of 275 eligible studies (n = 34 patients) met inclusion criteria. A list of desired data was extracted and graded for methodological quality. RESULTS Prostate adenocarcinoma (n = 9) were the most tumors reported. Twenty-five of 34 patients had a metastatic disease and a poor clinical outcome was reported for 15 of 28 patients. The median levels of blood phosphate and C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) were 0.40 mmol/L and 788.5 RU/mL, respectively. For most of patients, blood PTH was elevated or within range, and calcitriol levels were inappropriately low or normal. Alkaline phosphatase concentrations were increased for 20 of 22 patients. The cFGF23 values were significantly higher for patients with a poor clinical outcome when compared to other patients (1685 vs 357.5 RU/mL). In case of prostate cancer, cFGF23 levels were significantly lower (429.4 RU/mL) than for other malignancies (1007.5 RU/mL). CONCLUSION We report for the first time a detailed description of the clinical and biological characteristics of malignant TIO. In this context, FGF23 blood measurement would be of value for the diagnostic workup, prognostication, and follow-up of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farouk Bouraima
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Vincent Sapin
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Samy Kahouadji
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Marie-Eva Pickering
- Rheumatology Department, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Bruno Pereira
- Biostatistics unit (DRCI) Department, University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Damien Bouvier
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Charlotte Oris
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, University Hospital, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Clermont Auvergne University, CNRS, INSERM, iGReD, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Wu Y, You X, Lin Q, Xiong W, Guo Y, Huang Z, Dai X, Chen Z, Mei S, Long Y, Tian X, Zhou Q. Exploring the Pharmacological Mechanisms of Xihuang Pills Against Prostate Cancer via Integrating Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:791269. [PMID: 35342388 PMCID: PMC8948438 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.791269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drug resistance is the major cause of increasing mortality in prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, it an urgent to develop more effective therapeutic agents for PCa treatment. Xihuang pills (XHP) have been recorded as the efficient anti-tumor formula in ancient Chinese medical literature, which has been utilized in several types of cancers nowadays. However, the effect protective role of XHP on the PCa and its underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Methods: The active ingredients of XHP were obtained from the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) and BATMAN-TCM. The potential targets of PCa were acquired from the Gene Cards and OMIM databases. R language and Perl language program were utilized to clarify the interaction between the PCa-related targets and the potential targets of XHP. The potential targets of XHP for prostate cancer were gathered from the Gene ontology and KEGG pathway. Furthermore, cell proliferation assays were verified by PC3 and LNCaP cells. The efficacy and potential mechanism tests were confirmed by the PCa PC3 cells and mice subcutaneous transplantation. The effects of PI3K/Akt/mTOR-related proteins on proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle of PCa cells were measured by the Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK8), TUNEL assay, real-time quantitative reverse transcription PCR (QRT-PCR), and Western Blotting, respectively. Results: The active components of four traditional Chinese medicines in XHP were searched on the TCMSP and Batman TCM database. The biological active components of XHP were obtained as OB ≥30% and DL ≥0.18. The analysis of gene ontology and KEGG pathway identified the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway as the XHP-associated pathway. Collectively, the results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that XHP had the effect of inhibiting on the proliferation of PC3 and LNCaP cells. XHP promoted the apoptosis and restrained the cell cycle and invasion of the PC3 cells and subcutaneous transplantation. Meanwhile, the suppression of XHP on the level of expression of PI3K, Akt, and mTOR-pathway-related pathway proteins has been identified in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway-related pathway proteins were confirmed as the potential XHP-associated targets for PCa. XHP can suppress the proliferation of prostate cancer via inhibitions of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongrong Wu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xujun You
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Shenzhen Baoan District Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qunfang Lin
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yinmei Guo
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescription and Transformation, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen Huang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xinjun Dai
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Zhengjia Chen
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Si Mei
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Long
- Graduate School of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Xuefei Tian
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Oncology, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Zhou
- Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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