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Sun Y, Sun Y, Li Z, Song S, Wu K, Mao J, Cheng J. 18F-FAPI PET/CT performs better in evaluating mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes in patients with lung cancer: comparison with 18F-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:9. [PMID: 38173034 PMCID: PMC10763273 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01494-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of fluorine 18 (18F) labeled fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI) in identifying mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastases and to develop a model to quantitatively and repeatedly identify lymph node status. METHODS Twenty-seven patients with 137 lymph nodes were identified by two PET/CT images. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of lymph node status were analyzed, and the optimal cut-off value was identified by ROC analysis. RESULTS The SUVmax of metastatic lymph nodes on 18F-FAPI was higher than that on 18F-FDG PET/CT (10.87 ± 7.29 vs 6.08 ± 5.37, p < 0.001). 18F-FAPI presented much greater lymph node detection sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV than 18F-FDG PET/CT (84% vs. 71%; 92% vs. 67%; 90% vs. 69%, 84% vs. 52%, and 92% vs. 83%, respectively). Additionally, the diagnostic effectiveness of 18F-FAPI in small lymph nodes was greater than that of 18F-FDG PET/CT (specificity: 96% vs. 72%; accuracy: 93% vs. 73%; PPV: 77% vs. 33%, respectively). Notably, the optimal cut-off value for specificity and PPV of 18F-FAPI SUVmax was 5.3; the optimal cut-off value for sensitivity and NPV was 2.5. CONCLUSION 18F-FAPI showed promising diagnostic efficacy in metastatic mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes from lung cancer patients, with a higher SUVmax, especially in small metastatic nodes, compared with 18F-FDG. In addition, this exploratory work recommended optimal SUVmax cutoff values to distinguish between nonmetastatic and metastatic lymph nodes, thereby advancing the development of image-guided radiation. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: ChiCTR2000036091.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Zili Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201321, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailiang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China
| | - Jingfang Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201321, China.
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201321, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology (20dz2261000), Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, Shanghai, China.
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Torrecilla-Vall-Llossera C, Jucglà Serra A, Molinero Caturla J, Moreno-Vílchez C, Penín Mosquera RM, Marcoval Caus J. Sarcoid-like Reactions to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:80-83. [PMID: 37482293 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-mediated cutaneous adverse events, including sarcoid-like reactions. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinical and histologic data from patients who developed cutaneous sarcoid-like reactions between 2019 and 2022 while under treatment with ICIs. We studied 7 patients (6 women and 1 man) with a median age of 65years. Median time to onset of symptoms was 4months. The most common presentation was papular sarcoidosis of the knees followed by subcutaneous sarcoidosis. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all cases, and no differences were observed relative to idiopathic sarcoidosis. Discontinuation of ICI therapy was required in just two patients. ICI-induced sarcoid-like reactions tend to be mild and generally do not require treatment discontinuation. Histologic confirmation is essential for distinguishing these reactions from tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torrecilla-Vall-Llossera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España.
| | - A Jucglà Serra
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - J Molinero Caturla
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - C Moreno-Vílchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - R M Penín Mosquera
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
| | - J Marcoval Caus
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, España
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3
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Torrecilla-Vall-Llossera C, Jucglà Serra A, Molinero Caturla J, Moreno-Vílchez C, Penín Mosquera RM, Marcoval Caus J. [Translated article] Sarcoid-like Reactions to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. ACTAS DERMO-SIFILIOGRAFICAS 2024; 115:T80-T83. [PMID: 37923080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause immune-mediated cutaneous adverse events, including sarcoid-like reactions. The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze clinical and histologic data from patients who developed cutaneous sarcoid-like reactions between 2019 and 2022 while under treatment with ICIs. We studied 7 patients (6 women and 1 man) with a median age of 65years. Median time to onset of symptoms was 4months. The most common presentation was papular sarcoidosis of the knees followed by subcutaneous sarcoidosis. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically in all cases, and no differences were observed relative to idiopathic sarcoidosis. Discontinuation of ICI therapy was required in just two patients. ICI-induced sarcoid-like reactions tend to be mild and generally do not require treatment discontinuation. Histologic confirmation is essential for distinguishing these reactions from tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Torrecilla-Vall-Llossera
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - A Jucglà Serra
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Molinero Caturla
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Moreno-Vílchez
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R M Penín Mosquera
- Servicio de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Marcoval Caus
- Servicio de Dermatología, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Miedema JR, de Jong LJ, van Uden D, Bergen IM, Kool M, Broos CE, Kahlmann V, Wijsenbeek MS, Hendriks RW, Corneth OBJ. Circulating T cells in sarcoidosis have an aberrantly activated phenotype that correlates with disease outcome. J Autoimmun 2023:103120. [PMID: 37863732 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2023.103120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Disease course in sarcoidosis is highly variable. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and mediastinal lymph nodes show accumulation of activated T cells with a T-helper (Th)17.1 signature, which correlates with non-resolving sarcoidosis. We hypothesize that the peripheral blood (PB) T cell phenotype may correlate with outcome. OBJECTIVES To compare frequencies, phenotypes and function of circulating T cell populations in sarcoidosis patients with healthy controls (HCs) and correlate these parameters with outcome. METHODS We used multi-color flow cytometry to quantify activation marker expression on PB T cell subsets in treatment-naïve patients and HCs. The disease course was determined after 2-year follow-up. Cytokine production was measured after T cell stimulation in vitro. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We observed significant differences between patients and HCs in several T cell populations, including CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, Th1/Th17 subsets, CD4+ T memory stem cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) and γδ T cells. Decreased frequencies of CD4+ T cells and increased frequencies of Tregs and CD8+ γδ T cells correlated with worse outcome. Naïve CD4+ T cells displayed an activated phenotype with increased CD25 expression in patients with active chronic disease at 2-year follow-up. A distinctive Treg phenotype with increased expression of CD25, CTLA4, CD69, PD-1 and CD95 correlated with chronic sarcoidosis. Upon stimulation, both naïve and memory T cells displayed a different cytokine profile in sarcoidosis compared to HCs. CONCLUSIONS Circulating T cell subpopulations of sarcoidosis patients display phenotypic abnormalities that correlate with disease outcome, supporting a critical role of aberrant T cell activation in sarcoidosis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelle R Miedema
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Lieke J de Jong
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Denise van Uden
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Bergen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Danone Nutricia Research, Center of Excellence Immunology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Broos
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vivienne Kahlmann
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marlies S Wijsenbeek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Odilia B J Corneth
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Kitamura K, Ogura T, Miyamoto R, Ishida H, Matsudaira S, Takahashi A, Kanda H, Fukuda T. Splenic sarcoid reaction mimicking metastases in patients after uterine cancer surgery: a report of two cases. Surg Case Rep 2023; 9:167. [PMID: 37726529 PMCID: PMC10509101 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-023-01753-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated sarcoid reactions have been observed with various tumors; however, they have not been reported with uterine cancer. We present two cases of splenic sarcoid reactions that mimicked metastases a few years after uterine cancer surgery. CASE PRESENTATION Case 1 involved a 67-year-old female patient diagnosed with endometrial cancer (pT1aN0M0, pStage Ia, grade 1). The patient underwent open total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Three years after the initial surgery, computed tomography (CT) and positron emission tomography CT showed multiple splenic masses with increasing numbers and sizes. Splenic metastases were diagnosed, and laparoscopic splenectomy was performed. The histopathological analysis revealed sarcoid reactions in the spleen. Case 2 involved a 47-year-old female patient diagnosed with endometrial cancer (pT1aN0M0, pStage Ia, grade 1). The patient underwent laparoscopic total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy. Two years after the initial surgery, multiple splenic masses were observed. We performed laparoscopic splenectomy for the splenic metastases. Granuloma formations were identified in the splenic specimen and perisplenic lymph nodes that were removed simultaneously, resulting in a final diagnosis of sarcoid reaction. A review of the lymph nodes at the time of the previous uterine surgery revealed granuloma formation. Other than the presence of splenic masses, no findings suggestive of recurrence were observed in these cases. Uterine cancer and sarcoid reactions progressed without recurrence after splenectomy. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the late development of splenic sarcoid reactions after uterine cancer surgery. Sarcoid reactions and metastases are difficult to diagnose based on preoperative imaging results. However, reviewing the specimen at the time of the initial resection, the number of lesions, and the clinical findings (other than imaging findings) may aid in the determination of the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Toshiro Ogura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Ryoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Shinichi Matsudaira
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Amane Takahashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kanda
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cancer Center, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Saitama Cancer Center, 780 Komuro, Ina-Machi, Kita-Adachi-Gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
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Kubo T, Hino A, Fukushima K, Shimomura Y, Kurashige M, Kusakabe S, Nagate Y, Fujita J, Yokota T, Kato H, Shibayama H, Tanemura A, Hosen N. Nivolumab-induced systemic lymphadenopathy occurring during treatment of malignant melanoma: a case report. Int J Hematol 2022; 116:302-306. [PMID: 35201591 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-022-03312-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nivolumab is an anti-programmed cell death protein 1 monoclonal antibody that exhibits significant efficacy in treating melanoma and other malignancies. However, various nivolumab-induced immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have been reported, and differentiating irAEs from tumor progression is sometimes difficult. Here, we report a case of reactive lymphadenopathy occurring after treatment with nivolumab. A 56-year-old man with stage IIIC melanoma received adjuvant therapy with nivolumab after wide local excision. He developed systemic lymphadenopathy and autoimmune hemolytic anemia 1 month after receiving seven cycles of nivolumab. Pathological analysis of a cervical lymph node biopsy specimen revealed no metastatic lesion or any other malignancy, including lymphoma. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with nivolumab-induced reactive lymphadenopathy. Systemic corticosteroids were administered to reduce hemolysis, which led to the resolution of lymphadenopathy. When progressive lymphadenopathy is observed in a patient who received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, reactive lymphadenopathy should be carefully distinguished from progression to lymphoid metastasis, and biopsy should be performed if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyo Kubo
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Hospital Organization Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akihisa Hino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fukushima
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yoshimitsu Shimomura
- Department of Hematology, Kobe City Hospital Organization Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Masako Kurashige
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Osaka University Hospital, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kusakabe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Nagate
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jiro Fujita
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takafumi Yokota
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisashi Kato
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Shibayama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanemura
- Department of Dermatology, Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoki Hosen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-C9, Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Purcell V, Preti B, Fernandes R. Suspected immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced pulmonary sarcoid reaction in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Clin Case Rep 2022; 10:e5960. [PMID: 35846932 PMCID: PMC9272222 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.5960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the case of a 50-year-old male patient with metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) who developed a diffuse pulmonary opacification and lymphadenopathy during nivolumab maintenance therapy. This was diagnosed as presumed sarcoid granulomatous inflammatory reaction secondary to immunotherapy, which resolved with holding off therapy and the nivolumab was resumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Purcell
- Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Beatrice Preti
- Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada
| | - Ricardo Fernandes
- Schulich School of Medicine and DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada,Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine & DentistryWestern UniversityLondonOntarioCanada,Cancer Research Laboratory ProgramLawson Health Research InstituteLondonOntarioCanada
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